新外研版高中英语必修3夯基：Unit3-课件

1、Unit 3The world of science Developing ideas 词汇知识自主学习. 根据英文释义写出正确的单词1. _: of or relating to the mind2. _: to make an illness go away3. _: to fasten or join one thing to another4. _: to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it5. _: a written or spoken description of sth. that has happened

2、6. _: to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent7. _: a way of doing sth. , especially the usual or correct waymentalcureattachconductaccountentirelyprocedure8. _: accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them9. _: too far or too advanced for sb.

3、 /sth. 10. _: not normal or ordinary11. _: very intelligent or skillful12. _: the importance of sth. , especially when this has effect on what happens in the future13. _: correct and true in every detailpassivebeyondextraordinarybrilliantsignificanceaccurate14. _: an official or formal statement, es

4、pecially about the plans of a government or an organization15. _: a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge. 16. _: connected with science. 17. _: information, documents that show that sth. is truedeclarationexperimentscientificproof. 根据语境用恰当的介词或副词填空1. P

5、eople really wanted to know if lightning was really produced _electricity. 2. He raised the kite _a piece of string tied to it. 3. A flash of lightning hit the kite and electricity was conducted _the string to the key. 4. More than one generation of schoolchildren have been amazed by his bravery and

6、 his scientific approach _looking for the truth. 5. If Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died _the electric shock. bywiththroughtofrom6. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head and led him to come up _his theory of gravity. 7. While

7、Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him _the head. withon根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. However, new research _that the story _fiction instead of fact. 然而, 新的研究表明: 这个故事可能是虚构的而不是事实。2. A metal key _the string. 线上拴了一把金属钥匙。3. This, he said, _that lightning was a form of elec

8、tricity. 他说, 这就表明闪电是电的一种形式。suggestsmay bewas attached toproved4. Scientists often _because they want to establish the facts. 科学家经常质疑已被接受的观点, 因为他们想要确定事实。5. People _by Franklins spirit of scientific exploration _by the facts themselves. 人们更多的是受到了富兰克林的科学探索精神的鼓舞, 而不是事实本身。question accepted ideashave been

9、 more inspiredthan阅读研析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)What is the text mainly about?A. The story of Franklins experiment is true or not. B. The aim of Franklins experiment. C. The procedure of Franklins experiment. D. The effect of Franklins experiment. (2)From

10、the first two paragraphs, what do we know about the experiment?A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning. B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools. C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklins experiment. D.

11、As a scientist, Franklin was admired for his attitude to science. (3)What people are inspired by in Franklins story?A. His bravery and scientific approach. B. The kite with a key tied to the string. C. The stormy weather with lightning. D. His touching on the metal key. (4)Whats the authors attitude

12、 towards the story of Franklins experiment?A. DoubtfulB. CuriousC. ObjectiveD. Not mentioned(5)What was TRUE from Newtons story we know?A. The scientists didnt see the apple falling on Newtons head. B. Scientists like to question everything around them. C. Everyone can prove the apple really hit New

13、ton on the head. D. The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why. 答案: (1)(5)ADAAD2. Long sentence analysis. 译文: _就是这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一次暴风雨中_。译文: 有些(科学家)甚至质疑关于落在牛顿头上, _的苹果的故事。这个著名的故事放飞了一只风筝促使他提出重力理论Fill in the blanksBenjamin Franklin once carried out a famous experiment (1) _(prove) t

14、hat lightning was a form of electricity. He raised (2)_ kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key (3)_ (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by (4)_ (touch) the key. For many years, schools (5) _(teach) the story of the experiment

15、 in order to establish the (6)_(true). However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact because scientists all agree that if Franklin (7) _(touch) the key actually, he would certainlyto proveaattachedtouchinghave taughttruthhad touchedhave died (8) _the electric shock. Ad

16、mittedly, fiction is often (9)_ _(interest) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and (10)_ great a story is, we should notalways believe everything we read or hear. frommoreinterestinghoweverTask 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. Do you think the stories about some great

17、 scientists are true?(Critical Thinking批判性思维)_2. What will you learn from the stories about the great scientists?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)_I think some parts of the stories are true, and some are not, because they dontfollow the common sense, for example, Franklin touching lightning. I will learn the

18、 scientists spirit of scientific exploration from the stories.要点精研探究学习1 . beyond prep. 无法; 超过, 越过; 晚于, 迟于; 在另一边; 除之外*Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在接下来的80年里, 我们的生活可能被3D打印完全改变模样。*(2019天津高考) Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small

19、talk, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊外我和那些妈妈们没有交流过, 但是她们想要帮忙。*Erin had done beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night. Erin所做的已经超出了几乎任何人会做的范围, 在一个刺骨寒冷的夜晚找到我家。*The situation is beyond our control. 我们已经无法控制这一局面。【导图理词】【即学活用】(1)写出下列句子中beyond的含义Our success was far

20、 beyond what we thought possible. ( )On his right was a thriving vegetable garden and beyond it is a small orchard of apple trees. ( )He did something that I thought was beyond me. ( )超出, 超过在另一边远不及, 非某人所能理解(2)The town has changed _. 小镇已经变得认不出来了。(3)The bicycle was _. 自行车已损坏得无法修理。beyond recognitionbey

21、ond repair2. cure n. 药剂; 疗法 vt. 治好(疾病); 治愈*Currently, theres no cure for Alzheimers, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease. 目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法, 但是科学家们正在研究提高患有这种疾病的人的生活质量的方法。*The best cure for boredom is hard work. 治愈无聊的最好办法就是努力工作。*The doc

22、tor cured many patients in hospital of their illness at last, and they were very thankful to him. 最后这位医生治好了医院里的很多病人的病, 他们对他非常感激。【导图理词】【易混辨析】cure主要指治愈疾病treat普通用词, 指接受并诊治病人heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛等【知识延伸】和cure sb. of 用法类似的还有inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事remind s

23、b. of sth. 提醒某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物【即学活用】(1)语法填空I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure _cancer sooner or later. She tried every means to cure her child _the bad habit. (2)With the help of my parents and teachers, I _and made progress in my study. 在父母和

24、老师的帮助下, 我改正了一些缺点, 在学习上取得了进步。forofcured some shortcomings【补偿训练】选词填空(treat/cure) The dentist _my teeth, but he didnt _them. treatedcure3. attach v. 系, 绑; 贴; 连接; 使附属; 使隶属*Theyve attached a number of conditions to the agreement. 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。*Its said that his brother works in the hospital attached to

25、Shandong University. 听说他哥哥在山东大学附属医院工作。*The old man is very attached to old customs and habits. 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。*I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website for help, where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture. 我非常重视课堂

26、以外的英语学习, 经常求助网站, 在网站上阅读大量的关于英语和西方文化的文章。【导图理词】【即学活用】(1)语法填空You are required to attach an introduction _your innovation so that others can know how to use it. One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card _(attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes. We should attach importance to _(i

27、mprove) researchers salary and treatment. Please find my application letter and resume in the _(attach). toattachedimprovingattachment(2) Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers _. 正如这句话所揭示的那样, 我们青少年中的许多人对我们手机的重视程度超过了我们的朋友。attach much moreimportance to our phones than to our friends【补偿训练

28、】句式改写He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant(逃课). _, he often plays truant. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)_, he often plays truant. (用现在分词短语作状语改写)So attached to the network games _that he often plays truant. (改为倒装句)Attached to the network gamesAttaching himself to the network games so much

29、is he4. account n. 记述; 描述; 报道; 账户 v. 说明; 解释*She gave an accurate account of the case. 她对这次事件做了准确的描述。*(2019天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 这位教授警告学生们, 在他的课堂上, 决不应该使用手机。*At first he hesitated on account of the expense. 起初因为费用问题, 他有点犹

30、豫。*It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%, 而你说的话只占7%。【导图理词】【名师点津】on no account是表示否定意义的短语, 放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装, 有类似用法的还有: by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。【即学活

31、用】(1)语法填空Youd better take _account your own strengths and weaknesses before choosing a major. The witness gave us _account of what happened briefly. (2018全国卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts _about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. (2)He has a bad name _his dishonesty. 他因

32、不诚实而声名狼藉。intoanforon account of(3) We should on no account give up the plan. (改为倒装句)On no account _the plan. (4)In developing a design, we must take account of many factors. (同义句改写)In developing a design, we must _many factors _. should we give uptakeinto account/consideration5. However, neither the

33、 story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而, 这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。【句式解构】(1)本句是简单句, 句中neither. . . nor. . . 结构连接并列主语, 主谓一致适用于“就近原则”。 (2)neither. . . nor. . . 结构也可连接其他句子成分, 表示对两者的全部否定, 意为“既不也不”。*Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 没有动力, 你既不会设定目标, 更不会达到目标。*(20

34、19北京高考)Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing but the type of phytoplankton is changing. 不仅海洋中浮游植物的数量在变, 浮游植物的类型也在改变。【名师点津】主谓一致的“就近原则”这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与最近作主语的词语保持一致, 常出现在这类句子中的连词有: or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 及there be句型中。【即

35、学活用】语法填空(1)Neither he nor I was _(punish)by our teacher. (2)Not only he but also all his family _(be) fond of music. (3)Love _(be) not getting but giving. (4)Nobody except you _(deserve) the honor. punishedareisdeserves【要点拾遗】1. injure v. 使受伤, 弄伤*And it is not just humans who are benefitingin Brazil,

36、 people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 而且不仅仅是人类受益在巴西, 人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的壳!*(2019天津高考) A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. 一次战争使他的左手失去了知觉, 而且他经常入狱。*Luckily, the injured were sent to the nearest hospita

37、l in time. 幸运的是, 所有的伤员都被及时送往最近的医院。【导图理词】【巧学助记】【易混辨析】injure表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害, 多表示意外受伤hurt多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位, 或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害harm表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害, 程度较轻wound主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦【即学活用】(1)语法填空They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from _(injure) and for several other bodily

38、functions. These chemicals come from the _(injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. The young woman entered the pool where an _(injure) dolphin was swimming. She _(injure) herself while skating last week. A bottle of acid flew into the streets, _(injure) 24 people. injuryinjuredinjuredinj

39、uredinjuring(2)选词填空(hurt, injure, harm, wound)Im sorry, I _your feeling, but I didnt mean to. As we all know, smoking does great _to our health. Dont lift the tool boxyoull do an _to yourself. Zhang Guofu covered his _, hid his military medals and lived a normal life. hurtharminjurywounds2. origin n

40、. 起源; 起因*British biologist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. 英国生物学家查尔斯达尔文(1809-1882)因他的著作物种起源而出名, 在书中他解释了自然选择导致物种变化。*Many words in English language are French in origin. 英语中的许多词源于法语。*(2018

41、全国卷) Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. 校园里的许多建筑都是他的原创。*We originally intended to stay for just a few days. 我们起初只打算待几天。*The disease is thought to have originated in Africa. 这种疾病据说起源于非洲。【导图理词】【即学活用】(1)语法填空The room still has many of its _(origin) features. The particular custom h

42、as its _(origin) in Wales. _(original), he followed his fathers advice to major in business, but later he quitted and did what he likedbeing a history teacher. (2)Facts _society, composed of men and women, and we should therefore look for answers on a society-wide basis. 事实来自社会, 来自男人和女人组成的社会, 因此我们应该

43、在全社会的基础上寻求答案。originaloriginsOriginallyoriginate from(3)Opinions vary as to _. 关于人类的起源人们众说纷纭。the origin of man3. declaration n. 声明, 宣告*Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Father of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. 本杰明富兰克林(1706-1790)是美国的开国元勋之一, 他帮助起

44、草了独立宣言。*The declaration was published in August 1687. 这份宣言是1687年8月公布的。*(2019全国卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 在领回“终身成就奖”后, 自豪的艾琳宣布, 她没有打算从从事了36年的事业中退休。*Our government declared that China will not be the fir

45、st to use nuclear weapons. 我们政府宣布, 中国永远不会是第一个使用核武器的国家。*China formally declared war on Japan in December, 1941. 中国在1941年12月正式对日宣战。【导图理词】【熟词生义】All income must be declared. 必须申报所有的收入。 ( )申报【即学活用】(1)语法填空When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly _the policy, which made them unhappy. The j

46、udges had different ideas about the results , so it was two hours before the results _(declare). He wrote a letter to the girl, making a _(declare) of love. (2)Our government is making every effort to _on poverty. 我国政府尽一切努力向贫穷宣战。againstwere declareddeclarationdeclare war4. conduct v. 传导(热、电)*A flash

47、 of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道闪电击中了风筝, 电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。*Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. 去年, 我正在教室组织研讨会, 这时有人敲教室的门。*The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游引导我们游览了古城

48、废墟。*Who is conducting the orchestra tonight?谁指挥今晚的管弦乐队呢?【导图理词】【熟词生义】He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预想中要好的多。( )表现【即学活用】(1)语法填空Last month, a new weapon test _(conduct) successfully. (2020全国卷 )A study _(conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the

49、 city experienced less crime. _the conduct of his teacher, the naughty boy is not what he used to. The kind of metal is a good _(conduct) of heat. was conductedconductedUnderconductor(2)说出下列句子中conduct的含义Water conducts heat faster than air. ( )Actors may hire agents to conduct their affairs. ( )Your

50、conduct is not consistent with what you say. ( )Our school has specially set aside a laboratory for him to conduct experiments. ( )传导管理品行, 行为组织并实施5. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and

51、 to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 富兰克林和其他许多科学家激励我们、教导我们, 科学实验对于确定真相和为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句, 其中that引导宾语从句。has inspired和taught是主句的并列谓语。*(2019江苏高考)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. 在过去的三个月里, 这名音乐家与

52、他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。*We learn a language in order to communicate. 我们学习一种语言是为了交流。【名师点津】(1)主谓一致的“就前原则”: 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to等引起的结构跟前面的主语保持一致。(2)动词不定式作目的状语: 不定式作目的状语可使用以下形式: to do, only to do, in order to do, so as

53、to do, so/ such. . . as to do。不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置, 一是在句首, 二是在句末。一般说来, 用于句首属于强调性用法, 即强调动词的目的。有时为了特别强调目的状语, 可以在不定式之前加上in order或so as, 即构成in order to do sth. 和so as to do sth. 结构, 但so as to do不能用于句首。(3)不定式作目的状语可以置于句首, 并且当需要强调时, 通常会置于句首。但位于句首的不定式不一定是目的状语。*To cooperate with others is important. (作主语)同他人合作很

54、重要。【即学活用】(1)语法填空Everybody except you _(look) down upon me. You rather than I _(be) going to go camping. (2)(2020全国卷) She makes specific plans for us _all of us are in good health. 为了确保我们所有人健康, 她给我们制订了专门的计划。(3)(2019江苏高考)More wind power stations will spring up _for clean energy. 为了满足对清洁能源的需求, 更多的风力发电站

55、将会涌现。looksarein order to make sureto meet the demand6. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科学家们一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙的话, 他肯定就死于电击了。【句式解构】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that. . . the electric shock是that引导的宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复合句, 其中if Fra

56、nklin. . . the key是条件状语从句, 该从句及其主句he would certainly have died from the electric shock都使用了虚拟语气。(2)die from是固定短语, 意为“死于”。*If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反) *If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我的钱足够的话, 我就会为女儿买下这件

57、漂亮的礼服。(与现在事实相反) *If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话, 我就跟他谈谈。(与将来事实相反)*If I had read the book, I would have told you about it. 我如果读过那本书, 我就能告诉你关于这本书的情况了。(与过去事实相反)*If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨的话, 我们就得推

58、迟运动会。(与将来事实相反) 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be动词用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be用were)/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形 【名师点津】1. 在虚拟语气中be动词通常用were; 2. 有时可以把if从句中的if省略, 然后把should/ were/had提前。

59、If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake. =Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake. 如果你听取了我的建议, 你就不会犯这样的错误了。【即学活用】(1)语法填空If we _(drive) in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired. If there _no air or water, there _no living things on the earth. If it _(snow)

60、 tomorrow, we would take photos. (2)Hadnt she _first aid, the boy would have lost his life. 如果她不懂急救知识的话, 小男孩就没命了。(3)Things would have played out so differently if I _the beggar. 如果我拒绝那个乞丐的话, 事情的结局会截然不同。had drivenwerewould bewere to snow/should snow/snowedhad the knowledge ofhad simply said no to7. I