风险管理培训教程

1、SAFETY OFFICERDec.17,2015中海油运CSTANKER风险管理RISK MANAGEMENTJuly 20121Why carry out Risk Assessment? Who should carry out Risk Assessments? When to carry out Risk Assessments? How to carry out Risk Assessments?中海油运CSTANKER目录CONTENTS三一RISK ASSESSMENTSAFETY AWARENESS中海油运CSTANKER四OIL MAJOR REQUIREMENT二DEFI

2、NATIONSAFETY AWARENESSSAFETYHAZARDHAZARD IDENTIFICATIONRISKRISK ASSESSEMNTRISK MANAGEMENT中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSSAFET is essentially the ongoing management of workplace hazards and risks.Safety isPersonnel protective equipmentProper tools and equipmentCompetent personnelStandardized procedures

3、/ methodsMechanical reliability中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSSafety isDefined responsibilitiesA planned approach for hazardous workEffective leadership and directionSystematic hazard identification and controlFrequent communication中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSTraditional Beliefs!It will never happen to

4、 meIt has never happened hereSafety is just extra workSafety is the safety reps responsibilitySafety is only a lot of paper workSafety just isnt worth the extraThese beliefs are Reactive in nature!中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSModern Values!Safety is a shared responsibilityIncidents are CAUSED, they d

5、ont just happenExcellent safety performance requires long term commitment, planning and involvementA safety work environment is a productive work environmentNo job is so important that we cant take the time to do it in the safe and efficient wayWorking safely requires a positive attitude These belie

6、fs are Proactive in nature!中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSWorking safely is an attitude!Support and direction that results in the development of safe working habits is the foundation of safe attitudes.中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSA Reactive versus a ProactiveThere are only two ways to manage safety:REAC

7、TIVE SAFETY PROGRAMWe simply wait for incidents to occur to discover needed changes and improvementsOr PROACTIVE SAFETY MANNAGEMENT SYSTEMWe manage workplace hazards and risks on an ongoing basis, continually looking for better ways中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSIts your turn to discuss the following:W

8、hat do we currently do, on a regular basis, that you consider PROACTIVE relating to safety?What do we currently do, on a regular basis that you consider “REACTIVE” relating to safety?中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY AWARENESSA Culture within a CultureSafety ManagementCultureHazard/ControlCulture中海油运CSTANKERSAFETY

9、 AWARENESSHAZARDHAZARD IDENTIFICATIONRISKRISK ASSESSEMNTRISK MANAGEMENT中海油运CSTANKER目录CONTENTS三二RISK ASSESSMENTSAFETY AWARENESS中海油运CSTANKER四OIL MAJOR REQUIREMENT一DEFINATIONDEFINATIONOHSAS 18001-2007HAZARDSource, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, or a

10、combination thereof.可能造成人员受伤或疾病等伤害的根源、状态或行为，或他们的组合。Hazard identificationProcess of recognizing that a hazard exits and defining its characteristics认识存在的危险并确定其特征的过程。中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATIONOHSAS 18001-2007RISKCombination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the sev

11、erity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)危险事件发生或暴露的可能性与由该事件或曝露导致的伤害或疾病的严重程度的组合RISK ASSESSMENTProcess of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable

12、.评估来自危险的风险、考虑现有控制的适当性和决定该风险是否可接受的过程。中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATIONISM CODE 2015HAZARD8.3 The SMS should provide for measures ensuring that the Companys organization can respond at any time to hazards, accidents and emergency situations involving its ships. RISK1.2.2.2 assess all identified risks to its ship

13、s, personnel and the environment and establish safeguards against中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATION中海油运CSTANKERAnything that causes harm to people.Anything that can damage the environmentAnything with the potential to damage property or equipmentDEFINATIONRisk is therefore a measure of the likelihood of a speci

14、fic undesired event and its unwanted consequences or loss.中海油运CSTANKERRISK TOHEALTH ANDSAFETYRISK TOENVIRONMENTRISK TOPROPERTYCOSTHAZARDS中海油运CSTANKER20 Incidents 操作工滑了一下，摔倒在地，头撞到泵上，死亡操作工滑了一下，摔倒在地，腿摔断了操作工滑了一下，扭伤了脚操作工滑了一下，但没摔倒泵旁边泄漏的润滑油未及时清理HAZARDS中海油运CSTANKER不安全因素导因权重（%）个人防护装备12人员的位置30人员的反应14工具与设备28程序

15、与秩序12不安全行为类导因总计96%不安全条件类导因总计4%总计100%基于杜邦公司10年的对于可记录事件的统计，表明导致事故的原因具有以下的分布规律SAFETY BELIEFAll incidents can be prevented.Every incident has its causes which can be controlled.中海油运CSTANKERHAZARD IDENTIFICATION危险源分类:第一类危险源生产过程中存在的，可能发生意外释放的能量（能源或能量载体）或危险物质称作第一类危险源第二类危险源导致能量或危险物质约束或限制措施破坏或失效的各种因素称作第二类危险源

16、。物的故障人的失误环境因素中海油运CSTANKERHAZARD IDENTIFICATION事故发生往往是两类危险源共同作用的结果:第一类危险源是伤亡事故发生的能量主体，决定事故后果的严重程度。第二类危险源是第一类危险源造成事故的必要条件，决定事故发生的可能性。两类危险源相互关联、相互依存。第一类危险源的存在是第二类危险源出现的前提；第二类危险源的出现时第一类危险源导致事故的必要条件。危险源识别的首要任务是辨识第一类危险源，在此基础上再辨识第二类危险源。中海油运CSTANKERHAZARD IDENTIFICATION事故发生往往是两类危险源共同作用的结果:第一类危险源是伤亡事故发生的能量主体

17、，决定事故后果的严重程度。第二类危险源是第一类危险源造成事故的必要条件，决定事故发生的可能性。两类危险源相互关联、相互依存。第一类危险源的存在是第二类危险源出现的前提；第二类危险源的出现时第一类危险源导致事故的必要条件。危险源识别的首要任务是辨识第一类危险源，在此基础上再辨识第二类危险源。中海油运CSTANKERHAZARD IDENTIFICATION隐患排查:人的隐患心理与生理素质 - 安全能力素质 - 文化素质设备隐患设计 - 制造 - 使用管理隐患制度、效能的发挥环境隐患自然环境 - 社会环境 中海油运CSTANKERENERGY SOURCES中海油运CSTANKERGravityM

18、otionMechanicalElectricalPressureTemperatureChemical BiologicalRadiationSoundGRAVITY中海油运CSTANKERThe force caused by the attraction of all other masses to the mass of the earth.Examples: falling object, collapsing roof, and a body tripping or falling GRAVITY中海油运CSTANKER29MOTION中海油运CSTANKER3030The ene

19、rgy of motion results from any physical movement or change in position or place.Examples: vehicle, vessel or equipment movement; flowing water; wind; and body positioning: lifting, straining, or bendingMOTION中海油运CSTANKER313131MECHANICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER323232The energy of the components of a mecha

20、nical system, i.e. rotation, vibration, motion, etc. within otherwise stationary piece of equipment/machinery. Examples: rotating equipment, compressed springs, drive belts, conveyors, and motors MECHANICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER3333ELECTRICAL中海油运CSTANKER343434The presence and flow of an electric charge

21、.Examples: power lines, transformers, static charges, lightning, energized equipment, wiring, and batteriesELECTRICAL中海油运CSTANKER35353535PRESSURE中海油运CSTANKEREnergy applied by a liquid or gas which has been compressed or is under a vacuum.Examples: pressure piping, compressed cylinders, control lines

22、, vessels, tanks, hoses, and pneumatic and hydraulic equipmentPRESSURE中海油运CSTANKER37ELECTRICAL中海油运CSTANKEREnergy applied by a liquid or gas which has been compressed or is under a vacuum.Examples: pressure piping, compressed cylinders, control lines, vessels, tanks, hoses, and pneumatic and hydrauli

23、c equipmentIDENTIFY ENERGY SOURCES中海油运CSTANKER39GravityMotionMechanicalElectricalPressureTEMPRETURE中海油运CSTANKER40The measurement of differences in the thermal energy of objects or the environment, which the human body senses as either heat or cold.Examples: open flame; ignition sources; hot or cold

24、surfaces, liquids or gases; steam; friction; and general environmental and weather conditionsTEMPRETURE中海油运CSTANKERCHEMICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER4242The energy present in chemicals that inherently, or through reaction, has the potential to create a physical or health hazards to people, environment or e

25、quipment.Examples: flammable vapors, reactive hazards, carcinogens or other toxic compounds, corrosives, pyrophorics, combustibles, oxygen-deficient atmospheres, welding fumes, and dusts CHEMICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER434343BIOLOGICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER444444Living organisms that can present a hazard.Ex

26、amples: animals, bacteria, viruses, insects, blood-borne pathogens, improperly handled food, and contaminated water BIOLOGICAL ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER45454545REDIATION中海油运CSTANKER46The energy emitted from radioactive elements or sources and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).Examples: light

27、ing issues, welding arcs, solar rays, microwaves, lasers, X-Rays, and NORM scaleREDIATION中海油运CSTANKER47Ionizing RadiationNon-Ionizing RadiationSOUND ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER4848Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibratethe energy is transferred through the substance in waves.E

28、xamples: equipment noise, impact noise, vibration, high-pressure release, and the impact of noise to communicationSOUND ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER4949SOUND ENERGY中海油运CSTANKER50Chemical (confined space, welding fumes)TemperatureRadiationBiologicalSound (communication, arc welding)HAZARD IDENTIFICANTION TOOL中

29、海油运CSTANKERHAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5252Injuries to Fingers & HandsHazards:Beware of: Mechanical hazards Chemical Hazards Micro-organisms Cold hazards Heat and fire Radioactive contamination Select the correct and appropriate protective gloves for the job. Inspect gloves before use for damage. Ensu

30、re correct fit with no gaps. Beware of sharp edges. Beware of moving parts. Beware of heavy weights and possible crush injuries. Beware of frayed strands in wire ropes. Select proper hand tools for the job. Inspect tools before use. Ensure guards are fitted on machines such as lathes. Isolate machin

31、ery before carrying out maintenance (lock-out / tag-out procedures) Avoid wearing rings or other jewellery. These can accidentally get caught. Be aware of the hazards that may cause dermatitis and use barrier creams.HAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5353Falls & Falling ObjectsHazards:Beware of: Persons work

32、ing overhead. Crane operations Items falling through gratings Tools falling out of pockets Loose items left at height Unprotected edges Open manhole covers Opening in gratings Tripping hazards (such as ropes) Slipping hazards (such as grease or oil on deck) Creating a hazard for other crew members P

33、lan and risk assess the task. Wear the appropriate PPE (e.g. hardhats, boots etc) When working on a ladder, have someone foot/hold the ladder and lash the top. Where appropriate, rig temporary handrails or other barriers. Remove all loose items from place of work and keep the site clean and tidy. Pr

34、otect yourself from falling. Use safety harnesses. Protect people below. Consider the use of safety nets.HAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5454Working Aloft or OversideHazards:Beware of: Hazards from people working overhead Creating hazards for people below Changes in sea or weather conditions Dangers from

35、nearby machinery or equipment Sharp edges and hot pipework Becoming tangled in rigging Trapping fingers and hands Weight restrictions of staging Ropes contaminated with oil or paint Corrosion of wires Overboard discharges Turning propellers Waves or wake from other vessels.A work permit must be issu

36、ed and posted at the site of work. Plan and risk assess the task Are sufficient persons available for the work to be carried out safely? Is all equipment in good condition? Are all persons wearing appropriate PPE including safety harnesses? Are there adequate securing points and have these been asse

37、ssed as safe? Does any equipment require isolating (e.g. radar scanners, aerials, cranes etc)? If equipment requires isolating, have appropriate notices been posted to prevent starting?HAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5555Entry Into Enclosed SpacesHazards:Beware of: Lack of ventilation Steel turning to rus

38、t consumes oxygen Cargoes can give off toxic fumes (e.g. coal or oil) Presence of Carbon Monoxide from exhaust fumesKnow what an enclosed space is. They should be marked but if in doubt, do not enter and ask.NEVER attempt to rescue someone from an enclosed space without using breathing apparatus!Ent

39、ry is forbidden without a valid work permit. Enclosed spaces to be identified All risks assessed properly Atmosphere tests to be carried out Safe access to space with adequate lighting Continuous ventilation before and during entry Emergency equipment (including BA) made available outside entrance A

40、ction plan agreed Good communications established and agreed At least one member of the entry team to be in possession of a personal oxygen or multifunction meter. Checklist completedHAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5656HotworkHazards:Beware of: Presence of flammable vapours Location of fuel tanks and othe

41、r adjacent spaces that may contain flammable liquids or gases Sludge at the bottom of tanks may give off flammable gases Paint coatings catching fire Sparks from welding or cutting gear Possibility of gas or liquids in pipelines including tank heating coils Poor or incorrectly earthed electric arc w

42、elding equipment Dry cargoes that give off flammable vapours (e.g. coal) A safety meeting is to be held. A risk assessment is to be made. All personnel involved in preparation and the operation to be fully briefed. Risk area identified (e.g. any area outside of the engine room on tankers) Type of ho

43、twork identified. Atmosphere checked and agreed safe. Adjacent spaces clean and free of gas. Pipelines in space free of flammable gas. Has the office agreed to hotwork? (required in certain circumstances) Checklist completed. Work permit issued and displayed.HAZARD EXAMPLE中海油运CSTANKER5757Mooring Ope

44、rationsHazards:Beware of: The possibility of weight suddenly coming on ropes or wires Trapping fingers or hands between rope and winch or rope and bollards. Broken strands of wire penetrating skin Flying scale and debris when dropping anchor Damaged, frayed or badly spliced ropes Slippery surfacesAl

45、ways follow the instructions of the officer in charge of the mooring party Always use appropriate PPE (e.g. safety helmets, safety shoe and gloves, including goggles when anchoring) Stand clear of all lines when under load. Watch your feet do not step into a coil or loop. Always ensure that the winc

46、h operator can see the person in charge. Do no leave winches running unattended. Ensure all equipment is operational and well maintained. Keep mooring areas clear from obstructions, litter and free from oil or grease. Do not use single tail stoppers. Do not secure ropes to winch drum ends.目录CONTENTS

47、二三RISK ASSESSMENTSAFETY AWARENESS中海油运CSTANKER四OIL MAJOR REQUIREMENT一DEFINATIONRISK ASSESSMENTRisk assessment means the process of evaluating the likelihood and consequences of any harm arising from exposure to an identified hazard, and determining the appropriate measures for risk control.中海油运CSTANK

48、ERFOUR LEVEL PROCESSRisk assessment level 1: generic risk assessmentThe Company should assess the risks associated with all identified hazards in respect of its ships, personnel and the environment, and establish appropriate safeguards.The results are used to ensure that appropriate safeguards and c

49、ontrol measures are contained within the Companys safety management system in the form of policies, procedures and work instructions.中海油运CSTANKERRISK ASSESSMENTRisk assessment level 2: task basedVessel-specific generic TBRAs can be used for all routine and low-risk tasks can be developed. Periodical

50、ly reviewedFrequency depends on the particular circumstances on the vessel and the level of risk.Specific high-risk jobs that are not routine, such as working aloft or enclosed space entry. Relate to the specific persons who will be involved in the work and valid only for the duration of that job.Ca

51、rried out bycompetent persons who understand the work being assessed. Seafarers who will be involved in the work should also be.中海油运CSTANKERFOUR LEVEL PROCESSRisk assessment level 3: toolbox talkIn support of a TBRABe conducted prior to any work being carried out that involves more than one person a

52、nd where there is significant risk to persons or assets.Fundamentally a method of determining that all safeguards are in place before work is carried out.Involve those carrying out the work and others who may be at risk, i.e. seafarers, sub-contractors and others on board ship who may be affected by

53、 the work.中海油运CSTANKERFOUR LEVEL PROCESSThe Toolbox Talks do not need to be recorded in writing.It does not have to be in an office; a control room, mess room or workshop area will suffice.Try and limit the duration to 10-15 minutes try not to become side-tracked on other issues.Once finished, confi

54、rm that all fully understand their role in the task and the precautions in place (closed-loop communication).This should then be recorded along with details of any relevant risk assessment referred to.REMEMBER: Should any person feel that the work practices or work site is unsafe STOP THE JOB!中海油运CS

55、TANKERFOUR LEVEL PROCESSThe toolbox talk is to cover such areas as:Steps, hazards and controls listed in the risk assessment and/or task risk assessmentThe definition of roles and responsibilities of those involved in the activityHow the task will affect other people? Warning signs in place?Do any s

56、ystems require isolating? (steam, electricity, water, air etc.) Lock Out / Tag Out? Any work permits requiredEmergency actions that may be required in the event of an incidentTo reinforce the principle of stopping work should any person feel that the work practices or work site are unsafe.中海油运CSTANK

57、ERFOUR LEVEL PROCESSRisk assessment stage 4: personal assessment of riskThis is an informal assessment of day-to-day risks carried.It is used to maintain awareness of our environment at all times and aid in the identification and control of immediate hazards as we go about our work. This is about ta

58、king a few minutes to step back, look at the job to be done, consider what could go wrong and how it may occur, and what steps you can personally take to avoid any incident occurring. As the work is proceeding, you should also monitor the worksite for any change in conditions that might alter the ha

59、zards and controls in place. If there is any concern, stop the work, re-assess the controls and, if necessary, re-plan and re-assess the task.A dynamic risk assessment.中海油运CSTANKERRISK ASSESSMENTWhen to conduct a risk assessmentEvery task carried out on board the vessel should be subject to risk ass

60、essment.Day to day operations;Critical operations including unusual, new or infrequent tasks and the maintenance of critical equipment.The existing Risk Assessment is to be re-used for repetitive tasks.Any task for which no valid risk assessment exists.中海油运CSTANKERRISK ASSESSMENTWhen to conduct a ri