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1、专升本英语资料2专升本英语资料2一、词汇学习的难点背(记忆)的问题一、词汇学习的难点背(记忆)的问题背单词的几个误区注意英汉造字差异 : 表音 vs 表意 blade 刃(刀+开口)死记硬背 不加揣摩不得规律不善比较不重实践急功近利背单词的几个误区注意英汉造字差异 : 表音 突破词汇关 = 科学方法 + 毅力 + 时间突破词汇关 = 科学方法 + 毅力 + 时间背单词方法协同:眼,心,手,嘴,耳。构词法分类法阅读法趣味法背单词方法协同:眼,心,手,嘴,耳。记忆的奥秘记忆的奥秘人类左右半脑的不同功能左脑:逻辑、语言、数字、顺序 右脑:曲调、旋律、图形、联想死记硬背 = 仅仅使用了左脑 右脑背单词
2、 = 运用右脑的联想功能人类左右半脑的不同功能左脑:逻辑、语言、数字、顺序艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线及其启示艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线及其启示专升本英语资料2记忆的形成过程输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,但是如果不经过及时的复习,这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而经过了及时的复习,这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。 记忆的形成过程输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了单词刚刚背完时遗忘的速度最快,这意味着越是新背的单词,对他的复习密度就应该越大,而这时复习也最有效最容易。另外,单词越熟悉,遗忘越慢,这就意味着对于已经复习过几遍的单词,复习的时
3、间间隔可以延长。心理学研究者确定了几个比较重要的复习时间节点,分别是首次记忆之后5分钟,30分钟,12小时(半天),1天,2天,4天,7天,15天,30天单词刚刚背完时遗忘的速度最快,这意味着越是新背的单词,对他的不同性质材料的不同的遗忘曲线 凡是理解了的知识,就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。愣是死记硬背,是费力不讨好的。比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料,而无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力,回忆的时候也不轻松。 不同性质材料的不同的遗忘曲线 凡是理解了的知识,就能记得迅速趣味性越强,越容易被记忆。 尽可能通过联想、想象赋予单词趣味性。roar: (vi.) 联想“狮吼” 咆哮solemn: (adj
4、.) 联想“受冷” 庄严的,严肃的趣味性越强,越容易被记忆。越是有规律,越容易被记忆通过构词法、拼写规则记忆committee,cabbage, tomato, cotton, museum, common 对称记忆Out of question, out of the question: 差别在于单词the。有the 就有问题,没有the就没有问题。越是有规律,越容易被记忆应景性的东西容易被记忆通过组词、朗读课文、阅读等方式记忆单词。Come and sit by my side if you love me. Do not hasten to bid me adieu(说再见)。 应景性的
5、东西容易被记忆From this valley They say you are going, I shall miss your sweet face And your smile, For they say You are taking the sunshine That brightens our pathway a while. Come and sit by my side if you love me, Do not haste to bid me adieu, But remember the Red River Valley, And the girl that has lov
6、ed you so true.Won t you think of the valley you re leaving? Red River ValleyOh how lonely, how sad it will be, O think of the fond heart youre breaking And the grief you are causing. I have promised you, darling, That never will a word from my lips cause you pain; And my life, it will be yours fore
7、ver If you only will love me again. From this valley They say y越是重复出现的越容易被记忆经常复习,经常使用单词越是重复出现的越容易被记忆具有特异性的东西容易被记忆Turkey (土耳其) 小写turkey 是“火鸡”。China(中国)小写china 是“瓷器”。具有特异性的东西容易被记忆越需要,越有利于记忆平时通过日记、作文、翻译等途径寻找需要去记单词。专升本英语资料2无意识记忆有着意想不到的收获。看广告,浏览英文报纸、杂志,看带字幕的英文影视;生活物品的包装袋可边享用边瞄一瞄其中的英语单词。battery, shampoo,
8、Co. Ltd.无意识记忆有着意想不到的收获。背单词方法分类法趣味法阅读法构词法背单词方法分类法分类强化法分类强化法专升本英语资料2专升本英语资料2专升本英语资料2专升本英语资料2笑laugh 大笑 ,smile 微笑 ,giggle 咯咯地笑 ,grin 露齿笑 ,smirk 傻笑,sneer 冷笑,cackle 咯咯笑,snicker暗笑,偷笑 笑laugh 大笑 ,好吃delicious,yummy,toothsome,delicate,savory ,tasty, appetizing, delectable, scrumptious, tasteful好吃delicious,roma
9、nce(浪漫史), logic(逻辑), typhoon(台风), international(英特纳雄耐尔), microphone(麦克风), copy(拷贝), cartoon(卡通), hamburger(汉堡包), salad(色拉), brandy(白兰地), whisky(威士忌), Moslem(穆斯林), sofa(沙发), cool(酷), engine(引擎), motor(摩托), bar(巴), Canada(加拿大), laser(雷射), golf(高尔夫球),tofu(豆腐)趣味法romance(浪漫史), Moslem(穆斯林), 趣味法hyphen 还分?
10、连字符hermit“何处觅她” 隐士 scrooge“死固执”吝啬的 howl“号、嚎”咆哮,大声哭笑 torrid“太热的”酷热的 lynch“凌迟”私刑处死 dolt“逗他”蠢人 appall“我怕”惊骇 gaggle“嘎嘎” 鹅叫声ponderous“胖得要死”笨重的 taboo“他不“忌讳 sting“死叮”叮蛰 jabber“结巴“说话不清楚 hyphen 还分? 连字符空间记忆法空间记忆法一词多性,一词多义, 近义混淆Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.The man who was fired for setting f
11、ire opened fire on his boss.一词多性,一词多义, 近义混淆Never trouble t阅读背词英文报中英文对照小说手机阅读软件(推手)阅读理解练习完型填空练习英文网站阅读背词英文报用构词法背单词派生(Derivation)合成(Compound)转换(Conversion)缩略【前缀/后缀】【词性转变】用构词法背单词派生(Derivation)【前缀/后缀】【词派生法前缀:一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。后缀:改变了原词的词性,有时可改变其词义。派生法前缀:一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。前 缀否定错误反动作相反相对时空关系in-, ig-, il, im
12、, ir, un-, non-, dis-, mis-mis-, male-, mal-, pseudo-,de-, dis-, un-, anti-, ant-contra-, contre-, contro-,ob-, oc-, of-, op-,with-,ex-, ec-, es-,外部,外extra-, 额外fore- 在前面inter-, intel-, 在间,相互intro-, 向内,在内,内侧medi-, med-, mid-, 中,中间其他re重复、再over过度super超出tele远vice副en使前 缀否定错误反动作相反相对时空关系in-, ig-, il后 缀名词性形
13、容词性动词性副词性动作者,人-er, -or-ar, -arian,-eer, -man, -ees-ist, -ian-ant, -ent场所-ary, -ory-ics, -logy学科抽象-al, -ance,-ence, -hood,-ion, -ment,-ness, -ship,-sure, -th, -ty多,充满类似具有性质主被动由制成方向使成为-ate, -en, -fy, -ize-ly, -ward, -wise-ful, -ous, -y-ern-en-able,-ible,-ive-al, -ant,-ar, -ary-ent, -ial-ic, -ory-ish-l
14、ike-ly-some-less 无后 缀名词性形容词性动词性副词性动作者,人-er, -or场understandmisunderstandhappy-unhappyhappy-happilyhappy-happinesscare-careful-carefullycare-careless-carelesslycare-carelessnessunderstandmisunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywr
15、ongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindecorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemi
16、sunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育 表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是correctcorrectionincorrectinde合成法止痛药pain-killer合成法止痛药pain-killercolor- blind色盲color- blind色盲梦游sleep-walker梦游sleep-walkerclassroomnewspaperschoo
17、l boyblackboardgreen-houseclassroomblackboardpick pocket drive wayover coat underclothessleep walkheart beat headachehandshakepick pocket homesick snowwhiteworld widegood-looking hardworkingsecond-hand warm heartedmiddle-aged专升本英语资料2fiveyearold sixinchtall sunbathe(进行日光浴)fiveyearold 合词法smog motelbru
18、nchnewscast heliport= smoke + fog = motor + hotel= breakfast + lunch= news + broadcast= helicopter + port合词法smog = smoke + fog = motor 转换法water water v. 浇水hand hand v. 递交facefacev. 面对fool foolv. 愚弄名词转换为动词转换法water water v. 浇水名词转换为动dry dry v. 使变干freefree v. 使自由emptyempty v.倒空形容词转化为动词dry dry v. 使变干形容词转
19、化为动词take a walkhave a lookhave a trycook烹饪a cook厨师 cheat欺骗a cheat骗子 turn转弯 a turn 转弯处动词转化为名词take a walk动词转化为名词1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison
20、was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词法精练1. He was one of the best _5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. (foreign)6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It w
21、ill _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of being half starved. (appear)9. The police have _ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 5. More and more _ hav11. She hoped that he
22、r son would become a _. (music)12. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)13. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)14. Thank you for your _. (kind)15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _ . (expensive)16. Most interna
23、tional _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 11. She hoped that her son wou17. The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct)18. When in Rome, do as the _ do. (Rome)19. The teacher was please
24、d with her _. (honest)20. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. (noise) uncorrected Romans honesty noisily 17. The boy noticed an _记单词时,眼到、口到、手到、心到。用几分钟时间仔细观察该词结构,找出特点,联想。 适时复习,不断重复。记与训练结合:日记、作文、练习、翻译、口语。特别注意容易拼错的地方,寻找各种办法加深印象。利用个人的最佳记忆时段背单词,切忌贪多,时间控制在一个半个小时以内。 单词记忆建议 记单词时,眼到、口到、手到、心到
25、。用几分钟时间仔细观察该词结二、词汇考试重点词义理解短语理解同义词辨析固定搭配二、词汇考试重点词义理解考试大纲要求领会式掌握4500个单词,以及由这些词构成的常用词组、固定搭配等。 常用词组是考查的重点,要么出现在词汇试题中,要么出现在完形填空中,是记忆的重点。存在问题:广度不够,深度不够(多义、误用、搭配)考试大纲要求领会式掌握4500个单词,以及由这些词构成的常用词义理解The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.A. consequently B. constantly C. continuously D. consistently转折:h
26、owever, nevertheless, still, conversely, anyway, notwithstanding递进:besides, moreover, furthermore因果:therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently词义理解The rain was heavy and _There is an undesirable _ nowadays to make films showing violence.A. directionB. phenomenonC. traditionD. trendThere is an undesir
27、able _ n短语理解They _ in spite of the extremely conditions.A. carried outB. carried onC. carried off D. carried forwardImportant people dont often have much time as their work _ all the time.A. takes awayB. takes upC. takes overD. takes in短语理解They _ in spite of the 同义词辨析Children and old people do not l
28、ike having their daily _ upset.A. habitB. practiceC. routineD. customThe branches could hardly _ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain同义词辨析Children and old people 固定搭配It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be.A. impressionB. commentC. reactionD. opinion固定搭配I
29、t was difficult to guess学位英语词汇基础练习 1. Our manager is _ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon. A. calling onB. calling in C. calling up D. calling for2. I must congratulate you _ the excellent design of the new bridge. A. with B. of C. at D. on3. I was so _ in todays history le
30、sson. I didnt understand a thing.A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused4. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked. A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished 5. I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. A. vision B. glimpse C. look D. s
31、cene 学位英语词汇基础练习 1. Our manager is _学位英语词汇基础练习 1. Our manager is _ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon. A. calling onB. calling in C. calling up D. calling for2. I must congratulate you _ the excellent design of the new bridge. A. with B. of C. at D. on3. I was so _ in todays
32、 history lesson. I didnt understand a thing.A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused4. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked. A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished 5. I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. A. vision B. glimpse C
33、. look D. scene 学位英语词汇基础练习 1. Our manager is _6. The student was just about to _ the question when he suddenly found the answer. A. arrive atB. submit to C. work out D. give up 7. The plane _ , its bombs exploding as it struck the ground. A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed8. A completely ne
34、w situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse9. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given traveling _. A. income B. wages C. allowances D. pay 10. He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A.
35、in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as11. Our journey was slow because the trained stopped _ at different villages.A. unceasingly B. gradually C. continuously D. continually6. The student was just about 6. The student was just about to _ the question when he suddenly found the answer. A. arri
36、ve atB. submit to C. work out D. give up 7. The plane _ , its bombs exploding as it struck the ground. A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed8. A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse9. Most people who travel in the
37、course of their work are given traveling _. A. income B. wages C. allowances D. pay 10. He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A. in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as11. Our journey was slow because the trained stopped _ at different villages.A. unceasingly
38、 B. gradually C. continuously D. continually6. The student was just about 12. I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont _ anything.A. lack B. withdrawC. omit D. leak 13. After several nuclear disasters(灾难), a _ has raged(上升) over the safety nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicion C.
39、 verdict D. controversy 14. Before he stared work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessment B. estimate C. announcement D. evaluation 15. Her parents will never _ to such an unsuitable marriage. A. approve B. consent C. confront D. collide 16. In this compa
40、ny, this is not the kind of treatment I am _ to.A. in favor B. willing C. accustomed D. certainly17. We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield _ any military threat(武力威胁).A. on B. to C. in D. with12. I hope that youll be more12. I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter.
41、 Dont _ anything.A. lack B. withdrawC. omit D. leak 13. After several nuclear disasters(灾难), a _ has raged(上升) over the safety nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicion C. verdict D. controversy 14. Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessme
42、nt B. estimate C. announcement D. evaluation 15. Her parents will never _ to such an unsuitable marriage. A. approve B. consent C. confront D. collide 16. In this company, this is not the kind of treatment I am _ to.A. in favor B. willing C. accustomed D. certainly17. We love peace, yet we are not t
43、he kind of people to yield _ any military threat(武力威胁).A. on B. to C. in D. with12. I hope that youll be more18. Jim was late again, but this time he couldnt _ the reason.A. interpret B. speak C. take to D. account for 19. As parents, you should treat your children _ as possible as you can.A. patien
44、tly B. slowly C. certainly D. similarly 20. The students were participating international energy-saving competitions between towns in New England and Canada. A. for B. in C. to D. at 补充重点词语及短语:21. The newly invented machine is_. It refuses to work.A. out of date B. out of question C. out of order D.
45、 out of control 22. The construction of the railway through the mountainous region has been_by the heavy rain.A. held B. held on C. held up D. held in 23. Having a cup of tea while reading the newspaper is one of my favorite_. A. manners B. times C. occasions D. pastimes 24. Proverb goes that we sho
46、uld never judge a person by this look. The little man was_more than one meter fifty all. Yet he was the chief manager of the company.A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 18. Jim was late again, but th18. Jim was late again, but this time he couldnt _ the reason.A. interpret B. speak C. take to D.
47、account for 19. As parents, you should treat your children _ as possible as you can.A. patiently B. slowly C. certainly D. similarly 20. The students were participating international energy-saving competitions between towns in New England and Canada. A. for B. in C. to D. at 补充重点词语及短语:21. The newly
48、invented machine is_. It refuses to work.A. out of date B. out of question C. out of order D. out of control 22. The construction of the railway through the mountainous region has been_by the heavy rain.A. held B. held on C. held up D. held in 23. Having a cup of tea while reading the newspaper is o
49、ne of my favorite_. A. manners B. times C. occasions D. pastimes 24. Proverb goes that we should never judge a person by his look. The little man was_more than one meter fifty all. Yet he was the chief manager of the company.A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 18. Jim was late again, but th25. Though he claimed time and again that he had no intention to harm the girl,it does not alter the fact that he was the man for the death of her.A. accountingB. guilty C. responsible D. obliged 26. Not that
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