2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习-专题十　推测词义高考真题

1、2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习 专题十推测词义 题组一单词类Passage 1（2019 江苏,B）词数 360In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone beforerhe couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known fbr a long tim

2、e that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. Blit Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created

3、 when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet a

4、nd was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a sin

5、gle big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to lest some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some o

6、f the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-uD for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park-2.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more

7、 than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?A.Its complicated geographical features.

8、B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C.The mysterious history of the park.D.The exact location of the volcano.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A.The shapes of volcanoes.B.The impacts of volcanoes.C.The activities of volcanoes.D.The heights of volcanoes. What does the underlined wo

9、rd “blow-up“ in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Birds view.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文.主题语境是人与自然，旨在提升学生对自然的认知.文章提到,Christiansen研究黄石国家公 园的时候在公园内找不到破火山口，后来发现几乎整个公园都是破火山口.I D细节理解题。本题题干意为:当Christiansen研究黄石国家公园的时候.什么事情让他感到迷惑?根据文章第一段第一 句.Bob Christiansen beca

10、me puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano.可知应选D项（火山的确切位置）.A:它复杂的地理特征:B:它对旅游业的永久的影响:C:这个公园神秘的历史.A主旨要义题.本题题干意为:第二段主要讲的是什么?根据第二段第一句中the classic cone shapes和最后三句可知,第二 段介绍了火山的两种形状,故选A项.B:火山的影响;C:火山的活动;D:火山的高度。.C推测词义题。本题题干意为:最后一段中的画线词blow-up最有

11、可能是什么意思?根据文章最后一段中美国航空航天局用 高空照相机拍摄黄石国家公园及Christiansen看到照片后意识到自己为什么找不到破火山口可知，画线词意为“大照片”.故C 项正确.A:热气球:B:数码相机:D:鸟瞰.长难句There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building.然而，还有一种btU不出 名的火山,这种火山不涉及造山运动.此句是主从复合句。本句主干是There is a second less known type of volcano,句中含有

12、一个定语从句that doesnt involve mountain building。Passage 2话题:语言发展 难度:中 词数：294（2018 课标全国 I Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent limes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit（联系）groups

13、 developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become fanners,

14、and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many langu

15、ages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many p

16、eople, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;thc Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,0(X), whi

17、ch means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(l50), Lipan Apache

18、in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.Thcy were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely

19、connected.Which of the following best explainsdominanfunderlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B. Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D. About 1,200. What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will

20、 be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案语篇解读I本文为说明文,作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少.I.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言，我们可推断出什么”根据第一段第二句（当世界人口仍然由采猎者构 成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式.）可知答案为B项（它们的数

21、量很大）.A:它们发展得很 快;C:它们有相似的模式:D:它们联系很紧密.2.C猜测词义题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知 dominant 的意思是“占统治地位的.强大的，故答案为 C 项 （Powerful）. A:复杂的:B:高级的;D:现代的.3.B细节理解题.本题题干意为:目前，有多少种语言的使用人数少于6.00（），根据第三E殳第一句（目前世界上大约有6.800种语 言。）和第三段最

22、后一句（这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言.其使用人数不足6,000.）可知.答案为B项 （6,800 x1/2=3,400）.4.C主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题，即语言几千年来一直变化不定，但在 最近时期，其数量越来越少.然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展.故答案为C项.高级词块 globalisation/, ghu balal zel f n/n.全球化 2.distribution/. di stn , bju: J n/n.分布Passage 3（20m课标全国 ii,b）Five years ago, when I taught

23、 art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:4kMake something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today-and 45 minutes each day for the rest of th

24、e week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once 1 had a boy who worked experime

25、ntally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions Hl led a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in

26、class whose creativity would infect（感染）other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,w*But Fm just not creative.*“Do you dream at night when youre asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tel

27、l me one of your most interesting dreams.The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in atime machine or growing three heads.Thats pretty creative. Who does that fbr you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Reallyat night, when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class

28、, okay?”.Thc teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.tcach the students about toy design. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to s

29、tudy alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.What does the underlined worddownsidein Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B. Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their slee

30、ping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案语篇解读I本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在西雅图一所学校教学的时候为了更好地了解学生进行了一次小测试，并 且有了新的发现.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的 I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students可知.作者在学期开始使用Tinkertoys作为测试

31、是为了了解学生的一些情况.由此判断A项符合题意.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知这个孩子在他的作品上极有创 造力.由此判断他是有想象力的.故选D项.3.B猜测词义题.根据文章第四段第二句可知，作者鼓励这种思维就有失去那些有不同风格的思维的学生的危险.因此可判断 这种行为有不利的方面.故选择B项.4.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的Try doing it in the daytime可知，作者要孩子门在白天尝试梦中的想法而此判断作 者让孩子1门说出自己的梦的真正目的是让孩子1门看到自己的创

32、造性.故选A项.Passage 4（2016 课标全国 hi.b）On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their tabic.“Hey, arent you from Mississip

33、piVthe elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.4*rm from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,Welty said/I didnt know w

34、hat my New York friends were thinking?Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the tu

35、rn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（团聚）.“My friend said:*Now we believe your stories,Welty added.And I said:kNow you know. These are the people that make me write them.Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked

36、 pleased with this explanation.I dont make them upjshe said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years/41 dont have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the stree

37、ts of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment（片断）of a particularly interesting story.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Tw

38、o strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.Thc underlined wordthemin Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys.A. readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories.What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?A.Thcy live in big cities.B.T

39、hey are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They arc pleasure seekers.左堂a语篇解读本文为记叙文，讲述了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty在纽约旅游时的一次经历.她让朋友相信了她小说中的人 物都来源于真实的生活.她善于和各种人交往，从而使她的小说真实、生动.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up.可以得知选 A。干 扰项为C项虽然有大雨，但是没有破坏他们的晚餐，所以排除C选项。.D 猜

40、测词义题。根据上文中的Now we believe your stories可以推断出选Do.C推理判断题。根据第八段中的I dont make them up和最后一段可以推断出她的小说中的人物来自真实的生活。 Passage 5（2016 四川,0In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous（土著的）people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and the

41、ir own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony（殖民地）of ihe French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them in

42、to an interesting area of fctlawlessnessin the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote comers of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, wi

43、th half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love fbr the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,says Gin/i,ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environ

44、ment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.M“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized liffe,“continues Gin.I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly/His black-and-

45、white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which bri

46、ngs with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They arc

47、both Guianese and French citizens.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer. What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A.Cautious.B. Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative. What does the unde

48、rlined word it in the last paragraph refer to?A.Thc modem French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized world.D.The French Republic.答案语篇解读I本文是一篇记叙文,题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处还有一些法属土著居民.一个 巴黎人用自己的黑白镜头记录下了这个部落的人们的自由生活.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their

49、own laws and their own social customs.(itA惊讶的是,这些人很大程度上根据他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活.可推知.他们很少遵守法国法律.故答案为A项。.D细节理解题.根据文章倒数第二段中的a photographic record可知Gin是以一个摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居 民的.故答案为D项.A项:一个导游;B项:一地理学家;C项:一位电影导演。.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的描述我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界.而是一片自由的乐土。”可推断出摄影师Gin是 非常喜欢这个部落的生活的.所以答案为D项。cautious小心的.谨慎的;doubtful怀

50、疑的.不确定的:uninterested不感兴趣 的;appreciative欣赏的，感激的。.A猜测词义题. which弓I导的是非限制性定语从句该从句的意思是伴随着这种生活方式不但带来了必要的国家福利而且 也带来了酗酒、背叛甚至还带来了自杀。由此推断出画线的it指的是现代的法国生活方式,所以答案为A项.B项:自给自足 的狩猎方式;C项:未开化的世界;D项:法兰西共和国。Passage 6（2015 课标全国 i ,0Salvador Dali（ 19041989）was one of the most popular of modem artists.The Pompidou Centre

51、 in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Mem

52、ory .There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects fbr stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth .The

53、exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities（无限）.“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of fbcus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the show

54、y Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figuerasexplains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作）with the Museo Nacionai Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contribuSons from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museu

55、m in St.Petersburg,Florida.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic. B.Productive. C.Generous. 0.Traditional.What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage

56、.D.One of the best TV programmes.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject. What docs the wordcontributionsin the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks. B.Projects.C.Donations. D.Documents.林室 口语篇解读1 Salvador Dali是最著名的现代艺

57、术家之一，为了对他表示尊敬和钦佩.巴黎Pompidou中心组织了一次他的作品展。1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的 with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more可知展览的作品种类繁多,由此可推断出Dali是个“多产的“艺术家。.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will tmd the best pieces,mostimportantly The Pe

58、rsistence of Memory.可知 A 项正确。.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 The exhibition follows a path of time and subject.可知 D 项正确。.A猜测词义题。最后一段指出，展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的,包括来自St.Petersburg的Salvador Dali博物馆的艺术品，故选A项。高级词块bring together把收集起来 infinity small无穷小Passage 7（2015 北京,C）Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass th

59、rough their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically livebetween the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,

60、4kThese animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre eating it,or unless something is eating them.And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with lig