案例成果05blood中英

1、BLOOD 血液CONSTRUCTION Plasm (I.M.) : 55%Hemocytes(cells)：45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platlets* hematocrit(packed red cell volume,红细胞压积): 43%PlasmLeucocytes & PlatletsErythrocyte*using anticoagulantscomponents same as that of plasm but fibrinogen 90% water albumin 10% others : fibrinogen plasma

2、pr. enzymes Ig. etc. Lipidhormones Vitaminsinorganic salts metabolites1. Plasma 血浆serumBlood clotsSerum 血清BLOOD CELLS Erythrocytes: 4.25.51012/L(M) 3.55.01012/L(W) blood smear stains w/ Wright or GiemsaErythrocyte 红细胞biconcave discs双凹圆盘状， 7.58.5m，flexibleno nuclei，no organellesrich in Hb血红蛋白：blood g

3、roup (ABO; Rh): dependent on the agglutinogen (on the membrane)0.51.5%containing ribosomes 核糖体& Mit. (stained by brilliant cresyl blue)increase in anemiaIndicator of hematopo-ietic capacity of the bonemarrow. Reticulocytes 网织红细胞 FunctionBinding & transporting O2 and CO2In lungsIn organs & tissuesCO2

4、+HbO2HbCO2+O2Leukocytes:白细胞410109/L neutrophil 50 70% Granulocyte eosinophil 0.53 % 有粒白细胞 basophil 0 1% Agranulocyte lymphocyte 20 30% 无粒白细胞 monocyte 3 8%A. Neutrophils中性粒细胞 D=1012m; Nuclear: polymorphous 25 lobes 分叶核 increase with the age of the cells. Specific Granules: 80%, fine (0.30.4m ) 特殊颗粒 n

5、eutrophilic (light reddish) Azurophilic granules: 20%, larger, purple 嗜天青颗粒E.M.S.G.: medium-dense containing A.K.P, phagocytins lysozymes A.G.: lysosomes containing A.C.P. peroxidase FunctionMobility(chemotaxis): 变形运动及趋化性 Phagocytose & destroy bacteria: 吞噬功能 the number of leukocytes acute the % of n

6、eutrophils bacteria infection B. Eosinophilis嗜酸性粒细胞D = 1015m;Nu.: bi lobesS.G.: corse, pink-staining granules. S.G.: granule matrix & a elongated crystalloid coreContaining: major basic protein acid phosphatase, peroxidase, histaminase.E.M.FunctionChemotaxis趋化性: attracted by chemotactic factor from

7、the mast cells Phagocytize吞噬: foreign bodies, Ag-Ab complexRelease histaminase: inactivate histamine for weakening allergic reaction 组胺酶分解组胺Antiparasite* It is increased in patients infected with allergic reaction or parasite 杀灭寄生虫C. Basophilics嗜碱性粒细胞 D = 12 15m Nucleus: irregular or S-shaped S.G.:

8、large (varioussize), basophilic (darkblue), cover nuclear, distribute unevenly &metachromasia EM & FNE.M.: S.G. w/ fine grains, containing heparin, histamine, Function: anticoagulate responsible to allergic reaction参与过敏反应D. Lymphocytes淋巴细胞3 types: small 68m;medium-sized 912m;large 1318mSmall lymphoc

9、yte(90%): LM: Round or ovoid; Nu.: sphericity w/ indentation, condensed chromatin, darkstaining. Cytoplasm: scanty, as a thinrim in light-blue with azurophilicgranules Large lymphocytemedium lymphocytesmall lymphocyte Classification* function# T-Cell: 75% cellular immunity B-Cell: 10-15% humoral imm

10、unity large granule lymphocyte (K & NK cell)* based on the source, characteristics on cellular membrane, life & function# immunological defence Classification & FunctionE. Monocytes单核细胞 Largest, 1220m,bluish-grey stainingNu.: kidney- or horseshoe-shaped w/ delicate net-like ChromatinCytoplasm: abund

11、ant,gray blue, with fineazurophilic granules E.M : A.G.: lysosomes (peroxidase, A.C.P., non-specific esterase); Phagocytic vacuolesF.N. :Phagocytosis (mono- nuclear phagocytic system, MPS)differentiate into macrophage (out B.V.)巨噬细胞Blood platelets血小板Megakaryocyte s巨核细胞fragment, in clumpsLM: 24m，disc

12、-likeor irregular, anucleated. Two regions: Granulomere颗粒区: centrally-located, purple-blue granules. Hyalomere透明区: peripherallylocated, in light-blue. cell coat: rich inGAG & glycoproteins associated to platelet adhesion; system of channel: a. open canalicular system:开放小管系facilitating the liberation

13、 of active molecules stored in platelets. b. dense tubule system:致密小管系sER , support, collect Ca 2+ and synthesize prostaglandin E.M.: microfilaments and microtubules:微丝和微管 movement and aggregation granules:颗粒 a. granules fibrinogen, platelet-derived growth factor, other platelet-specific proteins. b

14、. dense bodies: ADP, ATP, Ca2+ ,serotonin (5-HT)FunctionPlatelets promote blood clotting help repair gaps in the walls of blood vesselsPreventing loss of blood.止血和凝血Hematopoiesis 血发生Hematopoietic organ造血器官 yolk sac （early embryo) Liver / spleen (6w5m) bone marrow (4m and after)Structure of bone marr

15、ow red bone marrow: hematopoietic tissue + blood sinusoid yellow bone marrow: rich in adipose cells Red bone marrow 红骨髓hematopoietic tissue :造血组织 reticular CThemocytes in various stage, macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cellsSinusoid capillaries:血窦 discontinuous endothelia, plete BMHemopoietic st

16、em cell (HSP) and Hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC)Hemopoietic stem cell造血干细胞 self-renewal.自我复制，终身保持数量恒定 powerful proliferationpotency强增殖潜能 multi-differentiation Potency多向分化 Hemopoietic progenitor c.造血祖细胞分化方向确定的干细胞 Erythron granulocyte series monocyte series megakaryocyte series* Lymphocytes derived

17、 from lymphatic organs & tissuesProerythroblast:原红Basophilic erythroblast:早幼红Polychromatophilic erythroblast:中幼红orthochromatophilicErythrocyte series1.Cell volume decreases2.Nucleoli diminish in sizeuntil invisible3. Nuclear diamiter decrease, chromatin more dense, nucleus is extruded from cell 4. P

18、olyribosome decrease in number anelles gradually disappearmyeloblast:原粒Promyelocyte:早幼粒MbMyelocyte(m1)晚幼粒granulopoiesisMaturation of platelet原单细胞幼单细胞单核细胞Morphologic criteria of haemopoiesis Stages: the original stage the infant stage the mature stage Cell volume:, megakaryocytes: cytoplasm: ，ratio of Nu./ cytoplasm: Nucleus: size(RBC: abesent; megakaryocytes） nucleoli: number & size, until disappear chromatin: fine & scanty coarse & dense;st