医学寄生虫学：原虫概论

1、(Parasitic Protozoan)Medical Protozoon原生动物与人类的关系 (一）有益于人类组成海洋浮游生物的主体鱼类食物古代原生动物大量水底沉积形成石油 （原生动物中有孔类化石是地质学上探测石油的标徵）利用原生动物对有机废物、有害细菌进行净化，对有机废水进行絮化沉淀模式生物来源之一： 为认识真核细胞、生物进化提供大量数据2原生动物与人类的关系（二）有害于人类影响人类食物来源养殖鱼类：粘胞子虫 大量死亡家鸡、兔： 球虫病，致死率极高牛、马： 血胞子虫病， 血尿影响人类生态环境 海洋生态：鞭毛纲的夜光虫等大量速繁殖，形成赤潮，造成鱼、虾、 贝类等海洋生物大量死亡Protoz

2、oan Single cellEukaryotic Microorganisms65,000 all over the worldParasitic Protozoon: Heterotrophic （非自养型）Locomotion: Pseudopodia, falgella, CilliaParasitic Protozoa and Human DiseaseParasitic protozoan kill, mutilate, and debilitate more people in the world than do any other types of pathogens, 1/3

3、 1/2 population.CLASSIFICATIONSarcomastigophora （肉足鞭毛门）Zoomastigophorea （动鞭纲）: Leishmania利什曼，T. vaginalis,阴道毛滴虫，G.lamblia贾第虫 Loposea (叶足纲): E.Histolytica 溶组织阿米巴 Apicomplexa (顶复门):Sporozoa （孢子纲）Plasmodium 疟原虫、Toxoplasma gondii弓形虫、Cryptosporidac 隐孢子虫Parasitic locationCavity： Amebas, G.lamblia, Cryptos

4、poridac - intestinesT. vaginalis - genital tractsHistocytes ：Leishmania, Toxoplasma GondiiPlasmodiumErythrocytes：Plasmodium Morphology Most components of protozoan organelles do not differ in any basic way from the metazoan cells. Plasma membrane, pellicle(表膜）, alveoli.Glycocalyx (糖萼）shaped, feeding

5、, discharge, feeling, movementCytoplasm： Ectoplasm(外质）：gelled Adjoining membranes，Pellicular microtubules, fibrils,endoplasm(内质）：liquid and filled with organellesGeneral： Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus Specail: parabasal bodies, Microbodies, peroxisomes, hydrogenosomes, extrusomes, toxosomes, kinetos

6、ysts Metabolisms in special environment, maintain physiological activityNucleus：micro-, macro-, Endosomes 1. trophozoite(滋养体): Movement, feeding, metabolism Reproduction pathogenic stage2. cyst(包囊):Resting stage by secreting a resistant covering transmission，infectionEssential Form in Lifecycle结肠阿米巴

7、滋养体结肠阿米巴包囊Trophozoite Cyst Physiological Characterization1.Locomotion Locomotor organelles: pseudopodia, flagella, cilia (undulipodia)2.Ingestion permeate、pinocytosis、phagocytosis 3.Metabolism glycometablism4.Reproduction asexual , sexual , heterogamous (世代交替)REPRODUCTIONAsexual reproduction： binary

8、 fission、multiple fission 、budding (出芽生殖), External buddings (外出芽, 离母体后游离，纤毛虫) Internal buddings (内出芽，自带包膜分散，球虫) Sexual reproduction： gametogony (配子生殖) microgamete, macro - conjugation (结合生殖) only nuclei unite, only ciliates Alternation of generation (世代交替) Asexual Sexual (疟原虫） Types of Transmission

9、Interpersonal (人际传播型）： 简单型，阴道毛滴虫 、溶组织阿米巴Circulational (循环传播型）： 如刚地弓形虫, 贾第虫 Arthropod-borne ( 虫媒传播型)： 疟原虫、利什曼Characteristic of Pathogenesis 1Proliferation (within short time) Amebas： helminthes 2Dissemination Amebas：intestine liver、lungs、brain Malaria: erythrocytes brain,kidney，placenta Toxic effect amoeba perform (阿米巴穿孔素）Opportunistic Disease （机会致病