汽车术语及定义

1、汽车术语及定义一、车辆类型一GB/T 3730.188.汽车motor vehicle.货车（载货汽车）motor truck.微型货车一mini truck.轻型货车一light truck.中型货车medium truck.重型货车一heavy truck.越野汽车offroad vehicle.轻型越野汽车light off-road vehicle.中型越野汽车 medium offroad vehicle.重型越野汽车一heavy off-road vehicle.超重型越野汽车extra heavy offroad vehicle.自卸汽车dump truck.轻型自卸汽车一lig

2、ht dump truck.中型自 卸汽车 medium dump truck.重型 自 卸汽车 heavy dump truck.矿用自卸汽车mining dump truck.牵弓 I 汽车towing vehicle.半挂牵引汽车 一semitrailer towing vehicle.全挂牵引汽车 一full trailer towing vehicle.1 / 21.专用汽车special purpose vehicle.厢式汽车一van.罐式汽车一tanker.起重举升汽车crane/lift truck.专用自隹 汽车special tipper.仓栅式汽车box/stake t

3、ruck.特种结构汽车special construction vehicle.客车一bus.微型客车一minibus.轻型客车一light bus.中型客车medium bus.中型城市客车 medium city bus.中型长途客车 medium intercity bus.中 型旅游客车 medium sightseeing bus.中型团体客车 medium private bus.大型客车一large bus.大型城市客车一large city bus.大型长途客车一large intercity bus.大型旅游客车一large sightseeing bus.大型团体客车一la

4、rge private bus.特大型客车一extra bus.2 / 21.较接客车articulated bus.双层客车double-deck bus.轿车passenger car.微型轿车一minicar .普通级轿车一subcompact car.中级轿车一compact car.中高级轿车一intermediate car.高级轿车limousine car.半挂车semitrailer.轻型半挂车一light semi-trailer.中型半挂车medium semi trailer.重型半挂车heavy semi-trailer.超重型半挂车extra heavy semi-

5、trailer.二、车辆质量 一GB/T 3730.2-92.底盘干质量一chassis dry mass;.底盘整备质量chassis kerb mass;.底盘与驾驶室干质量 chassis and cab dry mass;.底盘与驾驶室整备质量 chassis and cab kerb mass;.整车干质量complete vehicle dry mass;.整车整备质量complete vehicle kerb mass;3 / 21.最大总质量maximum total mass;.厂定最大总质量maximummanufacturer s totaSma.允许最大总质量maxim

6、um authorized total mass;.最大装载质量maximum laden mass;.厂定最大装载质量 maximum manufacturer s laden mass;.允许最大装载质量 maximum authorized laden mass;.最大轴载质量maximum axle laden mass;.厂定最大轴载质量 maximum manufacturer s axle laden mass;.允许最大轴载质量 maximum authorized axle laden mass;.最大拖挂质量 maximum towed mass;.厂定最大拖挂质量 man

7、ufacturer s maximumtowed mass;.允许最大拖挂质量 authorized maximum towed mass;.汽车列车最大总质量 maximum total mass of train;.汽车列车厂定最大总质量 maximum manufacturer s total mascot.汽车歹！J车允许最大总质量 maximum authorized total mass of train;.较接车最大总质量 maximum of an articulated vehicle;三、车辆尺寸 一GB/T 3730.3-92.车长vehicle length;.汽车长

8、motor vehicle length;.全挂车长full trailer length;.半挂车长semi- trailer length;4 / 21.车宽一vehicle width;.车高（无装载质量）一vehicle height（unladen）;.轴距wheel space;.汽车及全挂车轴距 motor vehicle or full trailer wheel space;.半挂车轴距semi-trailer wheel space;.轮距一track;.前悬front overhang;.后悬rear overhang;.最小离地间隙 ground clearance;.

9、纵向通过角一ramp angle;.接近角approach angle;.离去角departure angle;.车架高度height of chassis above ground:.驾驶室后车架最大可用长度（带驾驶室的车辆）一 maximumusablelengthofchassisbehindcab（vehicle with cab）;.车身长度bodywork length;.轿车和客车车身长 bodywork length of passenger car and bus;.带有驾驶室的底盘上的车身长度 bodywork length of chassis with driver c

10、ab;.车箱（厢）内部最大尺寸maximum internal dimensions of body;.牵引架长一draw gear length;5 / 21.牵弓 I 杆长drawbar length ;.牵弓 I 装置的位置position of towing attachment;.牵弓 I装置高度height of towing attachment;.牵弓 I 装置前置品巨 distance of towing attachment in front of rear of vehicle;.牵引座前置距一fifth-wheel lead;.长度计算用牵引座前置距 一fifth-wh

11、eel lead for calculation of length;.质量分配计算用牵引座前置距 一fifth-wheel lead for calculation of mass distribution;.牵引座结合高度height of coupling face;.牵弓 I 装置至车辆前端的距离 distance between towing device and front end of towing vehicle;.牵引座牵引销孔至车辆前端的距离 distance betweenfifth-wheel coupling pin andfront end oftowing veh

12、icle;.半挂牵弓 I 车后回转半径 rear fitting radius of semi-trailer towing vehicle;.半挂车间隙半径 rear tractor clearance radius of semi-trailer;.半挂车前回转半径 front fitting radius of semi-trailer;.车轮外倾camber angle;.主销内倾kingpin inclination;.主销偏移距kingpin offset;.前束一toe-in;.主销后倾距一castor;.车轮铅垂动行程 vertical clearance of wheel;6

13、 / 21.车轮提升高度 Tift of wheel;.转弯直径一turning circle diameters;.转弯通道圆turning clearance circles.四、轿车车身术语 一JB3653-84（一）、设计术语.车身body; body assembly.车身本体一body shell; main body.车身机构 mechanical hard ware of body.车身覆盖件cover panel; body outer panel.车身结构件structural member; body structure.非承载式车身body chassis frame

14、construction; separate frame construction.承载式车身unitary construction body; unit body construction; integral body; panel structure body.折背式车身pontoon type; notch back body; threebox type body.直背式车身 fast back body; twobox type body.舱背式车身一hatch back body; twobox type body.短背式车身cutoff back body; twobox ty

15、pe body.客厢passenger compartment.发动机舱engine compartment.行李箱trunk; luggage compartment; luggage hold.7 / 21.车身前部一front body.车身后部一rear body.车身底部under body.车身侧部side body.车身裙部一skirt .腰线一waist line; belt line; door belt; fascia.开缝线一opening line.轮口 wheel opening; wheel arch.脚部空间一foot well.内饰一interior trimm

16、ing.外饰exterior trimming.内饰件-upholstery.夕卜饰件exterior trimming part.车身附件body accessories.（二卜结构术语.板件pressing ; panel.骨架件一member.支撑件一brace.力口强件一reinforcement; stiffness.固定件一stay.角撑件一gusset.8 / 21.衬板一patch.罩一housing.盖一lid.支架一support; supporter.托架一bracket.挡板一guard.隔板一retainer.14护板.衬垫一pad.梢一gutter.沟一groove

17、.筋一rid.装饰条moulding.（五卜零部件名词.前翼板front fender; front wing.发动机罩前支撑板 front end panel; nose panel.发动机罩engine hood bonnet.发动机罩安全拉钩一hoodsafetycatch;hoodsafetylock;hoodauxiliarycatch;hook;hoodsecondary latch.前裙板一frontvalancepanel;frontskirtpanel;frontlowershroud;frontbumperstone;reflector;fairi ng panel ; f

18、ront apron.9 / 21.散热器固定框radiator support; lamp support; shroud panel; front bulkhead; front baffle; deflector.前挡泥板front fender apron; wheel apron; fender skirt; hood ledge .前横梁front cross member; front cross rail.前纵梁front side member; front side rail.; front side frame.前围上盖板cowl top; cowl upper; shr

19、oud upper panel; front panel.前围板dash panel; dash board; toe board; fire wall.前围侧板cowl side panel; dash side; shroud side.后围上盖板upper back panel; rear waist panel; back window lower panel; rear deck panel.后围板rear end panel; lower back panel; rear skirt panel.行李箱盖trunk lid; rear compartment lid; luggag

20、e compartment door; deck lid; boot lid.后窗窗台shelf panel; package tray panel; parcel shelf panel; rear shelf; rear luggage shelf panel.地板一floor pan ; floor panel; floor board.后纵梁rear side member; floor side member; floor side rail ; rear floor side frame.地板横梁一floor cross member.车轮档泥罩一wheel housing pan

21、el.顶盖roof panel; top.上边梁一roof rail.10 / 21.顶盖横梁一roofbow;roofpanelmember;roofpanelreinforcement;roofpanelreinforcementpiece.流水梢roof drip; roof drip channel; roof side drip rail; gutter channel.前柱一front pillar; front post;A pillar.中柱一center pillar; center post; B pillar.后柱 rear pillar; rear post; C pi

22、llar.门槛一side sill; rocker panel; sill panel.后翼板rear fender; rear wing.后门rear door.前门front door.背门一back door; tail gate.后顶盖侧板一quarter panel.地板通道floor tunnel.仪表板fascia; instrument panel.仪表罩instrument frame.副仪表板一console.杂物箱glove box; glove compartment.遮阳板sun visor .后视镜rear view mirror; spotlight.刮水器一wi

23、per.风窗洗涤器一washer.11 / 21.车身悬置点jack up point.保险杠一bumper.保险杠防撞块bumper guard.保险杠联结板jointing plates of bumper.保险杠托架bumper stay; bumper arm ; bumper bracket.保险杠镶条 bumper pad.风窗玻璃front windshield glass; front screen; front windscreen.后窗玻璃back window glass; back light; rear window glass.后侧窗玻璃opera window g

24、lass.后角窗玻璃一quarter window glass.前角窗玻璃door ventilation glass; anti draft ventilation glass.中隔墙玻璃glass of the glass partition.中 隔墙glass partition.门窗框door window frame; door sash.门锁一door lock.内锁提钮一knob.门外手柄door handle; outside door handle.玻璃升降器一window regulator.门较链door hinge.门内手柄inside door handle.助力撑杆

25、一gas spring.12 / 21.门玻璃导轨 glass run; glass run channel.门密封条一weather strip.空调装置air conditioner; air conditioning equipment .暖风装置一heater.冷气装置一cooler ; cool air.通风装置一ventilation.除霜装置defroster; demister ; deicer.座椅一seat.靠枕一head rest; head restrain.五、客车车身 一GB/T 12484-90.肘靠一armrest.脚登一foot rest.折合座folding

26、 seat.拉手一.扶手一hand grill.安全带一safety belt.车轮装饰罩wheel disc; rim embellisher.轮毂装饰罩一hub embellisher.车标一mark; insignia; emblem.（一）、设计术语.车身body; body assembly.13 / 21.车身本体一body shell; main body.车身骨架body frame; body skeleton.车身覆盖件一skin; cover panel.车身结构件body structural member.承载式车身unitary construction body;

27、 chassisless body; fuH-monocoque body.半承载式车身semiintegral body; semimonocoque body.非承载式车身bodychassis frame construction; separate frame construction.车身结构mechanical hardware of body; body mechanism.车厢passenger compartment.乘客区passenger zone.驾驶区一driver zone.发动机舱engine compartment.行李舱luggage compartment;

28、 luggage hold.工具箱一tool box.蓄电池箱battery compartment.行李架luggage rack; parcel rack; baggage holder.行李梯luggage ladder.座椅一seat.车身裙部一body skirt.14 / 21.轮口 wheel-arch.开缝线一opening line.通道gang way.内饰一interior trim; upholstery.外饰exterior trim.车身附件body accessories.（二）结构术语.板件一panel.蒙皮outer panel; skin .护板fender

29、; shield .挡板baffle.连接板一connecting panel.导流板flowguide; air deflector.衬板一patch.力口强件一reinforcement; stiffener.固定件一stay; retainer; fixed part.支撑件一brace.装饰件trimming; garnish; molding .密封件weather strip ;sealing .支架一support; bracket.衬垫一pad; packing; gasket.15 / 21.拉手一handle.扶手一assist grip; handrail; banist

30、er.钱链一hinge.立柱一pillar; post.梁一rail ;beam.罩一housing.盖一lid ; cap .梢一guide; grove.（三卜零部件.前围一front wall.前围骨架front wall frame; front wall skeleton.前围立柱front wall pillar.前围搁梁一front wall shelf beam.前围裙边梁一front skirt rail.前围蒙皮front wall outer panel; front wall skin.前围护板front wall inner shield: front wall in

31、terior panel.驾驶区搁板（栏）一driver partition ;diver barrier panel.前面罩radiator grille.风窗框架windshield frame.风窗中立柱windshield central post.风窗框上横梁windshield header crossbar.16 / 21.风窗框下横梁 windshield cross sill.风窗玻璃windscreen; windshield.仪表板instrument panel; dashboard.副仪表板一auxiliary faciaconsolt .仪表板护面一dashboar

32、d facing.保险杠一bumper.舌U水器一wiper.风窗洗涤器washer; windscreen washer.后视镜rearview mirror.遮阳板（帘）一sun visor .发动机罩一engine hood.后围一back wall; rear wall.后围骨架rear wall frame; rear wall skeleton.后围立柱一rear wall pillar.后围搁梁一rear wall shelf beam.后围裙边梁一rear skirt rail.后围蒙皮rear wall outer panel; rear wall skin.后围护板rear

33、 wall inner shield: rear wall interior panel.后窗框架rear window frame.后窗中立柱rear window central post.后窗框上横梁 rear window header crossbar.17 / 21.后窗框下横梁一rear window cross sill.后窗玻璃 rear window glass.助力撑杆powerassisted brace gas spring.侧围一side wall.侧围骨架side wall frame; side wall skeleton.侧窗立柱side window pil

34、lar.侧围立柱side wall pillar.腰立柱waist pillar.门立柱一door pillar.侧围蒙皮side wall outer panel; side wall skin.侧围护板side wall inner shield: side wall interior panel.侧窗side window.侧窗框side window frame.侧窗玻璃一side window glass.侧窗锁side window lock.上边梁一roof side rail.腰梁一waist rail.侧围搁梁side wall shelf beam.侧围裙边梁side skirt rail.斜撑一bracing piece.轮罩一wheelhouse; w