定语从句与非谓语动词演示教学

1、定语从句与非谓语动词精品资料二定语从句：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份 （如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。从句中所缺成份指人指物主语thatwhothatwhich宾语(thatwho whom)(thatwhich)时间状语when =相应的介词 + which地点状语Where =相应的介词 + which-的whose 或 of which注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom指物只能用 which高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句

2、中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his Englishlearning, which makes his mother very happy.I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; that

3、D. when; that (2004 北京东城 )【考点 7】关系代词 that ， who， which 以及 as 的用法区别。指人时常只用who 不用 that 的情况；指物时只用 which 不用 that 的情况；只用 that 不用 which 的情况；关系代词 as与 which 的用法区别；the same that 与the same as 的区别 :1 其中 that, who(whom) ，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。 本条记忆技巧：用who 不用 that的情况“ there be ”，“ones， anyone， nobody, those 被分”割。

4、 那里有 (there) 很多万 (one)被那些人 (those)分割。 先行词为 those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用 who 不用 that,例如： The one who knows me well is Tom. 在分隔型定语从句中 ，若先行词是人，用 who 不用 that, 例：A new teacher will come who will teach you German.在本句中，先行词“teacher和”修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German分”离，所以我们用who 不用 that。先行词为 “ there be”

5、结构的主语时，例如There is a man who wants to see you.在本句子当中 a man 是 There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用 who 不用 that 2 其中， that 和 which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别：用 that 不用 which 先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词 ,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last等修饰时，例如：I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行词为all, few, noth

6、ing, everything, little, much等不定代词时：He did all that he could do to help us. 主语以 who 或 which 开头时Who is the man that just called you just now? 关系代词在从句中做表语时China is not the country that is was. 既指人又指物时He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢 2精品资料2, 先行词表示物时, 用

7、which 不用 that 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如 :She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如 :He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引导词 “ which作”了介词 “ in的”宾语 ,所以不可以用“ that代”替 .关于 as1 在一些结构，如“ such as ”“ the same as ”等结“构as中，定as语”从句的引导词经常要用到as，例如This is n

8、ot such a book as I expected.the same as和 the same that 的区别。例句：This is the same tool as I used last time.This is the same tool that I used last time.在例句中，第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样，但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具2 as 和 which 的比较相同点 ：两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词都可以是整个句子，都可以在从句中做主语，宾语表语。不同点 : as 引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾，而which 引导的从句只可放在句尾

9、。as 还有正如、正象的意思。As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself.当先行词，虽然表示时间地点，但是引导词在从句中不是做状语，而是做宾语时，不能用when, where 引导，而只能用 that, which 等引导。比较以下两个句字：I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .I will never forget the days that (which) we spent togetherThere is no such place _ you dream o

10、f in all this world. (2004北京西城 5 月)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as【考点 8】区别 that 引导的定语从句与 that 引导的同位语从句。 that 引导同位语从句时， that 是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分； that 引导定语从句时， that 是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语等。比较：The news that they had won the game arrived soon.The news that you told me yesterday is true. Is this the reason _ at the

11、 meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春季 )A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained【考点 9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship in three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been(2002 上海春季 )【考点 10】在先行词为 time

12、 ，place， reason 时，常可用 that 代替 when，where， why ，并常常省去。如： That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004 湖北 )A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which【考点 11】定语从句应特别注意的几个问题关系代词 which例 1 The Greens will move into th

13、e new house next Monday, it will be completely finished A by the timeB by which timeC thatD which仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢 3精品资料例 2 Water boils at 100, it changes to gasA at which temperatureB at whichC by which temperatureD by which析： which 引导定语从句时，在从句中除了作主语或宾语外，还可以作定语修饰名词，常用于“介词which名词 ”结构中，相当于 “and介词

14、 this that名词 ”。所以例 1 选 B；例 2 选 A 。关系副词 when例 1 Could you suggest a time it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine例 2 Think of a time you were happiest(Senior3,L93)例 3 There was a time all scientists were willing to share their results（ Senior3,L3）A that B when C which D where析：当先行词为a time

15、(一段时间 )时，引导定语从句的关系词常用when，而不采用 that，故以上例题均选 B。在我们课本中类似的句子还有：This was at a time when there was no radio, TV orcinema (Senior2,L70) It s about a time when there were black slaves in North America(Senior1,L53)关系代词 but例： There is no one wishes peaceA whoB butC thatD whom析：本题句意为 “没有人不希望和平。 ” but作关系代词，在定语

16、从句中作主语。but 相当于 who thatdont doesnt，but 本身含有否定意义。故本题选B。定语从句与强调句及其他从句的混合例 1 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhoodA which thatB that whereC which whichD where that析：分析句子结构可知，本句的主句为强调句型，第一空应由关系代词引导定语从句修饰先行词house。故本题选 A 。仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢 4精品资料例 2The mee

17、ting was put off, was exactly we wantedAwhichwhichBasthatCwhichwhatDitthat析：由题意可知，第一空应由关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句，第二空应由what 引导表语从句。故本题选 C。非谓语动词用法对比知识要点：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collecting information about children s health is his收job集有.关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It s necessarytodiscuss the problem wi

18、th an experienced teacher与.一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：1）It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do2）It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It s no good (use, fun) doing.It s (a) waste of time（one）s doing.It s wor

19、th while ingdo.4、动名词作 need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。The washing-machine needs repairing（.或用： needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。The situation in Russian required studying.俄国形式需要研究。5、 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作

20、宾语，注意它们的不同意思。rememberdoing sthto do sth记得做过某事，（动作已记得去做某事（动作未发仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢 5精品资料发生）生）forget忘了做过某事（动作已发忘了去做某事（动作未发生）生）regret后悔过去做过的事遗憾地去做事mean意味着做某事意欲、打算做某事try试着做某事（看会发生什努力、设法、企图做某事么）stop停止做某事停下来去做另一事go on继续原来的事接着做另一件事can t help禁不住、情不自禁地做无法帮助去做某事某事learn学会做某事学着、开始学做某事need /某事需要被做（ = to be需要做某事

21、（主动意want/requiredone）思）6、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后将要发生的动作。例如：He had a lot of work to do. 他有很多活要干。7、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词正在进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking ）a sleeping car卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）8、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动 的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行 的动作。如：a flying birdthe running watera well dressed woman衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate停在门口的小汽车（意同a car