高中英语 grammar 课件 新人教选修8

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Grammar名词性从句2021/8/11 星期三2Noun Clausessubjective clause主语从句objective clause宾语从句predicative clause表语从句appositive clause同位语从句2021/8/11 星期三3 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。1. What it was to become was a mystery.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the

2、 bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2021/8/11 星期三41、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。e.g. (1) I think (that) women can

3、reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?2021/8/11 星期三5总结:2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.

4、(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.2021/8/11 星期三64).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.2021/8/11 星期三7e.

5、g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2、表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用.引导宾语从句词有连词that，what, which, who, whom, whose等.除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表

6、语、定语，且各有各的词义。2021/8/11 星期三82.注意点1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason wh

7、y + 句子 be that + 从句.for +名词今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.错误2021/8/11 星期三9The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句等句型.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2021/8/11 星期三103、主语从句做主语用的名词性从

8、句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart. What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 2021/8/11 星期三112.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.2).连接词th

9、at在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略. When will he come is not known.错误When he will come is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.错误That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序 2021/8/11 星期三123).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if

10、不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/I

11、t seems that It happens that2021/8/11 星期三134、同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。 e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. Where did you get the idea

12、 that I could not come. The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.2021/8/11 星期三14注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何

13、成分.2021/8/11 星期三151.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年广东省卷 )A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. W

14、ho既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。 2021/8/11 星期三162. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.2021/8/11 星期三173. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of

15、the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.2021/8/11 星期三184.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the mon

16、key exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 【试析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三195.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel e

17、xcited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 【试析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三20一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouragin

18、g.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2021/8/11 星期三212、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。2021/8/11

19、星期三22二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2021/8/11 星期三232、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同

20、位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）2021/8/11 星期三24II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hop

21、e _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that2021/8/11 星期三25II. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday no

22、w proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which2021/8/11 星期三26

23、1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is

24、_ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell co