高中英语必修一 Unit 5-1 Reading and Thinking -2020-2021学年高一英语上学期同步课堂

1、Unit 5 LANGUAGE AROUND THE WORLD 1.1 Reading and Thinking重点单词1. n. 指称关系；参考_；vi.提到；参考；查阅 _;过去式_现在分词_ 2. vt. 以.为据点；以.为基础_；以（某事）为基础的； 以为重要部分（或特征）的_3. n. 符号；象征_； vt. 象征，作为的象征_4. n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化_；多种多样的；各种各样的_5. adj.主要的；重要的_；n主修课程；主修学生 _；vi.主修；专门研究_ n. 多数；大部分_6. adj. 全球的；全世界的_； n. 球体；地球仪；地球_7. vt. 欣

2、赏；重视；感激；领会_； n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解_8 vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求_； n. 乞丐; 家伙_;9. n.同等的人；相等物_ adj. 相同的；同样的_； adv.平等地，同样地_； n平等；同等_； adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任_； adv. 不公平地；不相等地_10. n.描写（文字）；形容_ ； vt. 描述；形容_11. vt. 联系；讲述_； n. 关系；联系；交往_； n.关系；联系_ 目标短语原产于某地_指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _尽管_以为基础；_追溯到 _多种多样的；各种各样的_主修学科_用.办法；借助. _绝不，无论如何都不_将认为；把视为_欣赏

3、中国的文化和历史_为争取而奋斗_依我看_春季 / 秋季学期_乘地铁_乞求某人干某事_代沟_满足客户要求_难以形容_be related to _a positive /negative /firm attitude _ups and downs _struggle against/with sb./sth. _24. appreciate (ones) doing sth. _ 重点语法定语从句（二）- 关系副词的用法【答案】重点单词1.reference n. 指称关系；参考；refer referred , referred , referring 2. basevt. 以.为据点；以.为

4、基础；based 以（某事）为基础的； 以为重要部分（或特征）的3. symbol n. 符号；象征；symbolise vt. 象征，作为的象征4.variety n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化；various 多种多样的；各种各样的5. major adj.主要的；重要的；n主修课程；主修学生major；vi.主修；专门研究major; majority n. 多数；大部分6.global adj. 全球的；全世界的；globen. 球体；地球仪；地球7.appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解8.beg /b

5、eg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求；beggar n. 乞丐; 家伙;9.equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的；equally adv.平等地，同样地；equality n平等；同等； unequal adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的； unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地10.description n.描写（文字）；形容 ；describe vt. 描述；形容11.relate vt. 联系；讲述；relation n. 关系；联系；交往；relationship n.关系；目标短语 be native to.refer to despite th

6、e fact thatbe based on/upondate back to . （= date from）a variety of = varieties of = various major in by means of.by no means regard as appreciate Chinas culture and historystruggle for sth./to do sth. from my point of view the spring/fall semester ride/take the subway beg sb to do sth generation ga

7、p meet/satisfy their customers demands beyond description与有关， 和有联系积极/消极/坚定的态度浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 .与斗争；与抗争. 感激（某人）做某事1.billion / bljn / n. 十亿How many billion people speak the UN s official languages as their native or second language? 有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？（P60）表数量的词的用法dozen（十二）,score（二十）,hundred（百）,thous

8、and（千）,million（百万）, billion（十亿）之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和of连用。two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋five hundred people五百人 hundreds of people数百计的人three billion years 30亿年 billions of years数十亿年2. relate / rlet / vt. 联系；讲述 relate A with/ to B把联系起来I cant relate what he does with/ to what he sa

9、ys. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。be related to 与有关， 和有联系Thisheartattackmayberelatedtohisoverwork. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。relate to 与 相关；涉及；谈到Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？（P67）【拓展】（1）relation /rlen/ n. 关系；联系；交往international relations国际关系（2）relationship /rlenp/ n.关系；联系She has a very close rela

10、tionship with her sister. 她和她妹妹非常亲密。3.attitude / ttju:d ; NAmE titu:d/ n. 态度；看法 What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么？（P60）Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度an attitude to

11、/towards 对 .的态度We should develop a good attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。4.reference / refrns / n. 指称关系；参考I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。reference books参考书5.refer/ rf:(r) / (referred , referred , referring)vi.提到；参考；查阅 ；refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 Pay att

12、ention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。（P60）You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。refer to a dictionary 查词典vt.查询；叫求助于 For further details I refer you to my secretary. 详情请问我的秘书。6. demand/ dm:nd /n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大I must

13、 make it a question , not a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）Demand for coal is down. 煤的需求下降了。Good teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。vt. 强烈要求；需要She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”， should常可省略）The workers demanded that they (should) getbetterpaya

14、ndconditions.工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。vi.查问“Who are you? ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。7. equal /i:kwl /n.同等的人；相等物 our relationship is close and were equals我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的人（P66）adj. 相同的；同样的Menandwomenenjoyequalpayforequalwork.男女同工同酬。be equal to 与相等；能胜任（to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）Icantfindapersonwhocanbeeq

15、ualtothiswork.我找不到能胜任这个工作的人。be equal in sth在某方面相等Not all men are equal in ability. 人的能力并不都是一样的。vt. 等于; 和相等；比得上Four plus four equals eight四加四等于八。【拓展】（1）equally adv.平等地，同样地；均等地Diet and exercise are equally important.饮食和锻炼同样重要。（2）equality /ikwlti/ n平等；同等I believe in the principle of equality before the

16、 law. 我相信法律面前人人平等的原则。（3）unequal /ni:kwl/ adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的The twins are unequal in height. 这一对孪生儿高矮不一样.（4）unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地Their profits were divided unequally. 他们的利润分配不均。9.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years. 在过

17、去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。10. factor / fkt(r)/ n. 因素；要素There are many reasons why this has been possiblebut one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。（P62）11. base /bes/ vt. 以.为据点；以.为基础；base on/upon；be based on/upon以为基础；以为根据I based my opinion on facts. = My opin

18、ion was based on facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。n. 底部；根据 ；基础the economic base 经济基础12.based /beist/ 以（某事）为基础的； 以为重要部分（或特征）的At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。（P62）a Chicago-based company 总部设在芝加哥的公司【注意】直接可以用based on 作定语或状语。Based on a true story, the film deeply mov

19、ed us.以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深打动了我们。basic /besk/ adj. 基本的；首要的The basic forms of the English writing system are known as letters.英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。（P63）Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。13.date back to . 追溯到 （= date from）It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu .它可以追溯到数千年前

20、龙骨的使用. . （P62）Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century. 牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。date back to . / date from 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。14. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径Written Chinese has also become an important meansby whi

21、ch Chinas present is connected with its past. 书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）by means of. 用. .办法；借助. .He succeeded by means of hard work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。by no means 绝不，无论如何都不He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。【注意】（1）means是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。Every possib

22、le means has been tried to make him give up smoking. 每一种可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。（2）先行词means在定语从句中充当方式状语时，引导词用by which。This is the means by which he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。(先行词the means还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem by the means，因此引导词用 by which。)15. struggle / strgl / n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事When I started stud

23、ying German , it was a struggle.当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）Losing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力She struggled to her feet. 她艰难地站起来。struggle for sth./to do sth. 为争取而奋斗They were struggling for independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。struggle against/with sb./sth.与斗争；与抗争He struggled against

24、 cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。16. .regard / rg:d / n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出（P62）Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。vt. 把. 视为；看待；regard as 将认为；把视为Her work is very highly

25、regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。17. appreciate /pri:iet / vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 appreciate Chinas culture and historythrough this amazing language.通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）Id greatly appreciate your support .我非常感激你的支持。appreciate (ones) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事He would much appr

26、eciate your doing him that favor.如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。appreciate it if 如果，将感激不尽Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。vi. 增值Their investments have appreciated over the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。【拓展】appreciation /pri:ien/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解Learning

27、 Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）They have a stronger appreciation of the importance of education. 他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。18. point of view观点；看法I could see the world from a different point of view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。（P64）Try to see the matter from

28、 her point of view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.From my point of view , the party was a complete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。19.variety /vrat/ n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 .it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. . .那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。（P62）a variety

29、of = varieties of = various 多种多样的；各种各样的China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。20. major / med(r) / adj.主要的；重要的；大的 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。（P62）Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种

30、疾病的重要因素。n.主修课程；主修学生 Her major is French. 她的专业课是法语。Shes a French major. 她是法语专业的学生。vi.主修；专门研究 ；major in 主修学科She majored in History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。majority / mdrti/n. 多数；大部分The majority of people prefer TV to radio.大多数人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。21.no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论；不管 Even today, no matter

31、 where Chinese people liveor what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。（P62）【用法讲解】“no matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。 Dont open the door, no matter who calls! 不管谁叫门，都不要开！No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished

32、. 不管谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。No matter what you say, he wont believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不相信你。Ill help you no matter when you have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难，我就帮你。 22. dialect /dalekt/ n. 地方话；方言 IcanfluentlyspeakdifferentdialectsofChinese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。 一根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。1. They rented an_(公寓套房) in a building overlookin

33、g Central Park.2. That man gave me a vivid_(描述) of Guilin scenery.3.There are_(各种各样) of wild life in this rainforest.4. My brother m_ in computer application when she was at college.5. I often travel to the north, so I am familiar with several d_there.6. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, often participates

34、 in national c_exhibitions.7. She disclosed some details ,which was r_to the murder case.8. In making the plan, Tom went to the library and r_to many books.9. I hope I can make even greater progress next s_.10.D_the snow outside, he went to work as usual.11. At the congress, many delegates talked ab

35、out the reform of the education s_【答案】1.apartment 2.description 3. varieties 4. majored 5. dialects 6. calligraphy 7. related 8. referred 9. Semester 10. Despite 11. system二、单句语法填空1. Solid friendship is_ ( base) on mutual trust.2. As an art school, it is_( know) for its scientific teaching methods.3

36、. The veteran fighter_(refer) to his experiences during the Long March.4. Some of us think these symbols were_(carve) thousands of years ago by our Chinese people.5. When travel around our country, you will hear_( variety) of dialects here and there.6. Many foreign friends think some of the Chinese_

37、( character) difficult to write.7.Its said that the bridge_ (date)back to 3,000 years ago.8. Do you think it_(importance) to practice speaking English every day.9. Li Hua is_( regard)as a good example to follow in our class.10. The less he worried, the._ (well)he worked.【答案】1.based 2. known 3. refer

38、red 4.carved 5.varieties 6.characters 7.dates 8.important 9. regarded 10.better一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGertrude Chandler listened. Another train was passing her house in Putnam, Connecticut. She loved living across the street from the railway station.Sometimes, Gertrude was ill and h

39、ad to stay home from school. When she was not feeling well, books were her friends. One day in 1899, while she was reading a book, Gertrude, at the age of 9, glanced (瞥) out the window at a train. She could see inside its last car. She saw a small stove (炉子), cups, and a coffee pot. How comfortable

40、it looked! It was like a little home. Wouldnt it be wonderful to live in a boxcar?After high school, Gertrude decided to find a job. She had always loved to write. Soon she was writing for a newspaper in her town. Later, at age twentysix, she wrote her first real book. With her sister Frances, Gertr

41、ude wrote more books. Most of these were for grownup readers.In 1924, Gertrude wondered again about living in a train car. She decided to write a story called The Boxcar Children. The characters in the book were called the Alden children. They were named Henry, Jessie, Violet, and Benny. Afraid of l

42、iving with a grandfather they had never met, the Alden children made a home for themselves in an old red boxcar they discovered in the woods. The oldest boy Henry worked in a nearby town to buy food and other things they needed. The brave children made a happy life for themselves and had many advent

43、ures (奇遇) together. When Gertrude became a teacher, she read the boxcar book to her pupils.During the next thirty years, Gertrude wrote eighteen more books about the boxcar children. She died in 1979, but her wellloved books live on. The adventures of Henry, Jessie, Violet, and Benny still bring smi

44、les to the faces of young readers.21What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AWhy Gertrudes family lived near a train station.BHow Gertrude got the idea of living in a boxcar.CWhy Gertrudes friends were mostly books.DHow Gertrude spent her days off school.22What happened to the Alden children?AThey had to s

45、upport themselves.BThey lived in a boxcar on a train.CThey had no families to live with.DThey had many adventures on a train.23What can we learn about Gertrude Chandler?AShe wrote most of her books with Frances help.BShe dropped out of school at a very young age.CShe is known for her books for child

46、ren.DShe liked travelling by train.BYou may ride your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning. You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or on the subway. You may also watch taxis crawl their way through traffic jams.No matter where you are, all big cities around the world have traffic j

47、ams these days. Although they all have their problems, many cities also have a type of transport that has become a cultural icon (象征物)In London, to avoid the traffic jams above ground, people use the “underground”， also called the “tube”. The city has the oldest and most complicated underground rail

48、way systems in the world and the underground is the pride of many Londoners. With 12 lines and 275 stations across the city, the underground, is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting across London. In London, you are never far from a tube station.New York is famous for its yellow cabs. Th

49、ey serve as a quick and easy way of getting across Manhattan, where the subway doesnt take you everywhere. Stopping a cab is easy; just stick out your arm like what you do in any other cities. But, with over 12,000 yellow cabs in the Big Apple, New York also has traffic jams.Since 1873 when the firs

50、t cable car started public service, the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of San Francisco. Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged by cars, the cable car is never caught in traffic jams, and it provides better views than the subway.But there are no such symbols in Los An

51、geles. If you visit this city, youd better rent a car. The citys public transport is terrible. It can take hours to get across the town by bus. The subway covers just a small part of the city centre. The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach Hotel and the city centre. Thats why Angelenos

52、(洛杉矶人) love their private cars more than any other people in the world.24If you have a chance to visit London and want to avoid the traffic jams, youd better _.Aride a bicycleBtake a taxiCtake the subway Drent a car25Which type of transport has become a cultural icon of the Big Apple?AThe noisy vehi

53、cles.BCable cars.CThe subway. DYellow cabs.26People in Los Angeles like to hire private cars because of the following EXCEPT that _.Athe public transport is terribleBit is not expensive to take a private carCthe subway covers a small part of the city centreDpeople have to spend hours getting across

54、Los Angeles by bus27The passage mainly tells us _.Ahow big cities in foreign countries develop their transportBhow people in cities avoid traffic jamsCwhy London has the oldest and most complicated subway systemsDwhy people call New York the Big AppleCWhen it comes to learning a foreign language, ma

55、ny people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard：“Will my baby be able to learn my language？” Be hon

56、est, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is：“No.”New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who would have been able to understand a sentence like this：“Click here to download your digital book”？ Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabul

57、ary and you never know how long you will need it.Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue . and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon (现象) and dont think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning

58、than in your mother tongue.You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You cant avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for

59、you. It is not wise to depend on any methods baseds upon mnemonics (记忆术). The first words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word.28To learn a foreign language, the auth

60、or advises you _.Ato remember new words appearing every dayBto keep up with new ways of using old wordsCto learn at least 2,000 necessary wordsDto pay more attention to your bad memory29The authors attitude to mnemonics is_.AsupportiveBneutralCopponent Dindifferent30The passage is mainly about_.Ausi