霞姐gmat阅读-套路2结论解释型

1、【霞姐GMAT】 阅读-套路2：结论解释型2016-03-17霞姐GMATGMAT繁杂世界，关注一个就够了导语“ 结论解释型的文章，顾名思义，在文章的开头会给出某个明确结论，而后文都是在对这个明确的结论进行解释。一般情况下，这类文章会有一些判定的标志词，而通常情况下出现在首段：主旨句：主旨句出现在首段的段首句或段尾句。这类文章的行文套路一般为：结论 解释结论 评价而文尾处作者的评价极少是单一的，一般都会又褒又贬。但在褒贬上又会有较大的偏袒性：褒多贬少，或褒少贬多。当听完这些干知识后，你也许还是很难将它们和具体的文章套路联系起来。这一篇少讲废话，直接看下面这篇文章，从里体会这类文章的框架和逻辑。

2、下面这篇文章并不长，给你40秒时间，看看你能否达成我在【霞姐GMAT】 阅读扫盲篇中提到的梳理框架的基本要求。计时开始！1套路词汇和短语：isremainappeare adj或是can，may，should，must，need， cant 等情态动词（表达作者观点）During the nineteenth century, occupational information about woment wasprovided by the United Ses census-a population count conducted each decade-became more detaile

3、d and precise in response to sol changes. Through1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economyand hierarchical sol order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent)was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by thetotal numbe

4、r ofs counted in various categories, including occupationalcategories. Like farms, most entrises were family-run, sot the census measuredeconomic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rathern of individuals.The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and womens rights movements, in

5、itiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household.Not until 1870 was occupational informationyzed by gender: the censussuperendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in gainfuland reputable occupations. In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to eac

6、h family onewoman keng house. Overlap betn the two groups was not calculated until1890, when the raentry of womeno the paid labor force and sol ies arisingfrom industrialization were causing womens advocates and women sistins topress for more thorough and accurate accounting of womens occupations an

7、d wages.怎么样，觉得自己这次阅读的时间变短了吗？Whatever，不要着急，阅读提高是一个需要时间的过程，绝非一日之功。下面请跟随思维路径一起来研习这篇文章。第一段2During the nineteenth century是总体时间描述，后面跟的是主旨句：occupationalinformation about women t was provided by the United Ses census-a populationcount conducted each decade-became more detailed and precise in response to sol

8、changes.主旨句是GMAT文章的重中之中，必然需要详读。但GMAC的老头们一定会给你设置重重阻碍，例如此题，主旨句是一个的长难句。但正如霞姐在【霞姐GMAT】 语法-句子架构的各篇章里所讲，对待长难句，其实就是一个“去掉修饰语”的过程，例如这里t引导的从句，可以省略：During the nineteenth century, occupational information about woment was providedby the United Ses census-a population count conducted each decade-became moredetai

9、led and precise in response to sol changes.简化之后很快发现本句中出现结论解释型文章的套路词汇：became more detailed andprecise（becameadj），所以接下来整篇文章应该是解释这个结论：到底是如何更detailed和更precise的。由于这一篇文章仅有两段，所以你对“文章框架”的梳理区分决不能再通过“自”来区分，而应该注重在段落点的变化。例如这道题，你会发现第一段的后半段：Through 1840为第一个分时间。simple enumeration为关键字，即through 1840的内容。即使你在这里并不认识enu

10、meration（计数，罗列）这个单词也没有关系，你会发现在后文会出现一个重要的逻辑词so t，是一个概括性的逻辑词，表示其后出现的内容将高度的概括第一段的后半段所阐述的内容：so rathert the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, n of individuals.第二段3长难句研习occupational information about woment wasprovided by the United Ses census-a population count co

11、nducted each decade-became more detailed and precise in response to sol changes.Through1840,simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economyand hierarchical sol order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent)was specified by name, whereas other household members

12、were only indicated by thetotal number ofs counted in various categories, including occupationalcategories. Like farms, most entrises were family-run,so t, rathern of individuals.economic activity as an attribute of the entire householdthe census measuredDuring the nineteenth century,The 1850 census

13、, partly responding to antislavery and womens rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household.Not until 1870 was occupational informationyzed by gender: the censussuperendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in gainfuland re

14、putable occupations. In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family onewoman keng house. Overlap betn the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the ra entry of women o the paid labor force and sol ies arisingfrom industrialization were causing womens advocates and women sistins topre

15、ss for more thorough and accurate accounting of womens occupations and wages.你会发现本段并没有出现逻辑上的转折，而时间节点成为了串联几个句子之间的逻辑词。所以可以初步判定，这三个时间段所讲的内容，是在继续解释第一段的结论。简要概括一下为：The 1850 census：initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a householduntil 1870：was occupational informationyz

16、ed by genderuntil 1890： Overlap betn the two groups框架基本可以确定本文的框架：通过上文的梳理，During the nineteenth century属于总体时间； Through 1840The 1850until 1870until1890为四个分时间，文章属于总分形式，第一句为主旨句。另外根据套路词汇：became more detailed and precise（becameadj），确定文章应该是结论解释型文章。1总体-主旨During the nineteenth century, occupational informati

17、on about womenbecame more detailed and precise时间节点1：1840the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire2household, rathern of individuals.时间节点2：1850initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household34时间节点3：1870was occupational information4yzed b

18、y gender5时间节点4：1890Overlap betn the two groups当然，如果你只有一分钟的时间把一篇完全陌生的文章的框架梳理清楚。你可以在细节上纠结的时间花少一些，通过记住几个“时间节点”，以及每个节点的关键信息即可。解题来进入实战解题状态。首先，你可以重读一下这篇文章：梳理完文章框架后，第一题5During the nineteenth century, occupational information about woment was provided by the United Ses census-a population count conducted ea

19、ch decade- became more detailed and precise in response to sol changes. Through1840, simple（题目本身高亮） enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical sol order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household membe

20、rs were only indicated by the total number ofs counted in various categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most entrises were family-run, sot the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household,rathern of individuals.The 1850 census, partly responding to a

21、ntislavery and womens rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870 was occupational information yzed by gender: the censussuperendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in gainful and reputable occupations.

22、In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman keng house. Overlap betn the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the raentry of womeno the paid labor force and sol ies arising from industrialization were causing womens advocates and women sisti ns（题目 本身高亮） to press for mor

23、e thorough and accurate accounting of womens occupations and wages.1锁定段落根据题干关键字primary pure of the passage可以确定本题主旨。2锁定信息句结合文章框架和基本含义知道，本篇文章属于结论解释型文章。结论是文章的第一句，也是本文主旨句：During the nineteenth century, occupational information about womenbecame more detailed and precise in response to sol changes.比对比对选项

24、，显然C选项最为合适，特别是C选项中的change和主旨句中的 change高度对应。且文章确实分成了若干个时间段来讲述这个change过程。3第二题1锁定段落根据关键字nineteenth-century United Ses censuses发现本题的对象就是原文的句对象。6Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United Ses censuses is mentionedhe passage EXCEPT theyear in which data on occupations began to beyzed by ge

25、nderyear in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the householdyear in which overlap betn women employed outside the home and womenkeng house wascalculatedway in which the 1890 census measured womense levels and educationalbackgroundsway in which

26、household members were countedhe 1840 censusThe primary pure of the passage is toexplain and critique the methods used by early sistinscompare and contrast a historical situation wicurrent-day onedescribe and explain a historical changediscuss historical opition to an established institutiontrace th

27、e origin of a contemporary controversy锁定信息句既然这道题的信息句为主旨句，而本文又是一篇结论解释型文章，这道题相当于在问，选项中哪一个选项，并不属于文章框架的内容，本质是一道文章框架题。2而本文四个时间段的内容为：Through 1840：the census measured economic activity as an attributeof the entire household, rathern of individuals.The 1850 census：initiated the collection of specific inform

28、ation about each individual in a householduntil 1870：was occupational informationyzed by genderuntil 1890： Overlap betn the two groups比对首先，要注意本题是一道EXCEPT题型，也就是说文中提到的内容反倒是不需要选择的。3结合选项发现A选项提到的gender正好是1870这个时间段所提到的方面；B 选项的individuals是1850这个时间段提到的方面；C选项中的overlap是1890这个时间段所提到的方面；E选项提到的household members

29、werecountedhe 1840 census是1840这个时间段所提到的方面。D选项中提到的womense levels and educational backgrounds并不是原文所的方面，所以本题应该选择D选项。Except题是一种在题干中包含except，询问选项中哪一项不属于其余四项所属类别的题目。这类题目的麻烦之处往往在于，正确选项所包含的信息可能完全是无中生有，而错误选项的信息反而是文章中所提到的。对于这类题目，确定题干中的“关键信息”非常重要。如果关键信息就是文章的主旨句（例如本题），那么这道题很有可能在文章整体框架，你得选出一个并不是框架之内的选项。这就要求，你对框架

30、内的每一个要点，至少要了解这些要点所阐述的对象。而如果题干信息对应的信息句只是文中的某个句子或段落的主旨句，你搜寻的范围则相对缩小许多。大部分同类的元素都会在信息句里一一罗列，而正确选项往往都是一个无中生有的元素。第三题7Except题1锁定段落根据关键字the 1840 United Ses census可定位到第一段的后半部分（直接通过时间定位）：simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agriculturaleconomy and hierarchical sol order: the head of the house

31、hold(presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas otherhousehold members were only indicated by the total number of s counted in various categories, including occupationalcategories. Like farms, most entrises were family-run, so t thecensus measured economic activity as an attribute of th

32、e entirehousehold, rathern of individuals.2锁定信息句根据题干中的关键字provided a count of which可以更加精准的去寻找文章中对统计的对象（即主语）the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name比对选项信息句里的male是关键信息，结合选项得出E选项为正确选项。3第四题8It can be inferred from the passaget the 1840 United Ses census provided acount of

33、 which of the following?Women who worked exclusivelyhe homePeople engaged in nonfarming occupationsPeople engaged in sol movementsWomen engaged in family-run entrisesMen engaged in agriculture1锁定段落和信息句这道题的题干直接给出了高亮，所以信息句是直接给出的：simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agriculturaleconomy

34、 and hierarchical sol order: the head of the household(presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas otherhousehold members were only indicated by the total number of s counted in various categories, including occupationalcategories. Like farms, most entrises were family-run, sot thecensus

35、 measured economic activity as an attribute of the entirehousehold, rathern of individuals.94. The author uses the adjective simple in highlight text most probably to emphasize t thecollection of census information became progressively more difficult throughout the nineteenth centurytechnology for t

36、abulating census information was rudimentary during thehalf of the nineteenth centuryhome-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to yzen the later industrial economyeconomic role of women was better definedhe early nineteenth centuryn in the late nineteenth centuryinfo

37、rmation collected by early nineteenth century censuses was limited in its amount of detail分析这道题不同于一般的2题目，更偏向于“态度题”，即你要揣摩作者在这里使用simple的态度。这类题别无他法，你需要高度理解信息句究竟想表达的观点是什么。当然，有时候借助主旨句表明的态度往往能帮助你理解信息句的态度。在这里，simple了作者对于1840年census所考虑对象的一个态度，而且结合文章框架信息，1840年，the census measured economic activityas an attri

38、bute of the entire household, rathern of individuals. 同时文章的主旨是讲述随着时间的推移，occupational information aboutwomen became more detailed and precise in response to sochanges.l你会发现，simple其实正是主旨句中表达more detailed and precise之前并不完善的状态。3比对选项综上所述，simple应该想要强调的是初期的细致程度不够。正确项。是E选第五题105. The passage suggests which o

39、f the following about the womens advocates andwomen sistins mentioned in highlight text?They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who workedhehome.They bevedt previous census information was inadequate and did not reflectcertain economic changeshe United Ses.They had begun to press

40、for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participationhe antislavery movement.They thoughtt census sistics about women would be more accurate if morewomen were employed as census offils.They had conducted independent studiest disputed the offil sisticsprovided by previous United Ses cen

41、suses.1定位段落和信息句这同样是一道给出信息句的细节题。定位句的完整表达为：Overlap betn the two groups was not calculated until 1890, whenthe raentry of womeno the paid labor force and sol iesarising from industrialization were causing womens advocates andwomen sistins to press for more thorough and accurateaccounting of womens occupations and wages. 分析显然你会发现，这里的womens advocates and women s2istins只是一个举例，她们的目的是 press for more thorough and accurate accounting of womens occupations and wages.比对选项B选项的inadequate和信息句提到的more accounting对应，且B选项探讨的是economical changes，符合信息句里提到的occupations and wage.C选项的press虽然与信息句相呼应，但antislav