Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件- 高一下学期英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

1、Unit 1 Back to school (3)Grammar and usageexplore the rules of sentence elements and sentence structures.apply the rules by doing some exercises. In todays class, we shall:Lead-inMiss Yan, to, was, excited to, the opportunity, give, be given, really, a speech.Miss Yan was really excited to be given

2、the opportunity to give a speech.连词成句A Exploring the rules主语定语宾语补语谓语状语表语同位语句子成分Do you know what sentence elements are?1. 主语（S）表示句子表述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如：The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. (名词)You must make efforts to improve your communication skills. (代词)Learning En

3、glish opens the door to a colourful world. (动词-ing形式)What we choose decides what we are. (名词性从句)2. 谓语（V）说明主语的动作或特征和状态，由动词组成。由一个动词构成的是简单谓语，由两个或更多部分构成的是复合谓语。如：Amy has a gift for music. (简单谓语)The class size is small in the UK. (简单谓语)You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. (复合谓语)S

4、ome animals can understand human feelings. (复合谓语)句子成分3. 宾语（O）表示动词动作的对象，或在介词后面与介词构成介词短语。 宾语通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如： My mum teaches English in a middle school. (名词) We all respect him. (代词) I will support whatever choice you make. (名词性从句) 有时动词后面会接两个宾语，表示人的宾语通常被称为间接宾语（indirect object）,而表示物的宾语则被称为直接宾语（dire

5、ct object).如： I cant wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.4. 表语（P）说明主语的特征、身份、状态等，位于系动词（be, look, go, turn, become等）后，通常由名词、代词、形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如： Today is the start of a new term. (名词) The only person I care about is you. (代词) The possibilities are endless. (形容词) You are what yo

6、u eat. (名词性从句)5. 定语（Attr.）修饰名词或代词，表示其性质和特征，通常由形容词或 与其相当的结构充当。如：We heard an impressive speech last week. (形容词)There is a swimming pool in our school. (动词-ing形式表示用途)Dont wake up the sleeping child. (动词-ing形式表示状态) 定语有时还会置于名词或代词之后。如：You will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge. (动词不定式)Potent

7、ial is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough. (定语从句)6. 状语（A）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示方式、程度、语气等，通常由副词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Carefully plan your study. (副词表方式)She is very careful about what she says. (副词表程度)He did quite well in the project. (副词表程度)Honestly, I dont mind if you want to lea

8、ve now. (副词表语气)Guided by my English teacher, I entered a wonderland. (分词作状语表方式)Make hay while the sun shines. (状语从句表时间)7. 补语（C）用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状态，由名词、动词、形 容词等充当。如：The New York City is called the Big Apple. (名词作主补)Mr. Xu encourages us to realize our potential. (动词不定式作宾补)We painted the wall green. (形容词

9、作宾补)8. 同位语（apposition）对主语、宾语、表语进行解释，通常由名词、代 词、数词或与其相当的结构充当。如：You two wait here. (与主语同位)We were shocked by the news that he died in the accident. (与宾语同位)Ms. Xu is our principal, a very popular teacher. (与表语同位)Do you know what sentence structures are?主+系+表主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+状主+谓+状there be句型主+谓主+谓+

10、宾1. 主谓（SV）。如：Fears are growing.2. 主谓宾（SVO）。如：I like eating rice.I would like to have an apple.My grandpa said that rice was the most wanted food in his childhood.3. 主系表（SVP）。 如：This technology company is growing bigger and bigger.The staple crop is rice.4. 主谓间宾直宾（SVOO）。如：I made her a rice cake.句子结构5

11、. 主谓宾宾补（SVOC）。如：We consider rice a necessity.6. 在SV中，谓语动词为不及物动词（intransitive verb），后面不可再接宾语。如果有状语，其结构是：主谓状（SVA）。如：Rice grows well in the south.Bananas grow in tropical areas.7. 在SVO中，谓语动词是及物动词（transitive verb），如果加上状语，其结构是：主谓宾状（SVOA）。如：People grow rice in the south.8. there be句型。如：There is a growing

12、fear in the country.Albert Einstein said, “If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal.” (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2)Setting goals gives you a focus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going

13、in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3) These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a

14、goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.On the first day of school, Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance o

15、f setting goals. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.SubjectVerbI agreeSubjectVerbPredicativeSubjectVerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirect objectDirect objectSubjectVerbObject Object complementThese habitswill be helpful Youwill livea hap

16、py lifeSetting goalsgivesyoua focus in lifeSetting goalsmakesyoumore confidentThe subject and the (1) _ are necessary parts of a sentence.A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) (2) _ .Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.

17、The object complement adds more information about the object.Working out the rulesverbobjectB Applying the rulesB1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.1 You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school.2 (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging

18、.3 We will give you (more) independence.4 You should listen more carefully.5 You can join a club.6 Your teachers will help you in (many) ways.7 You will succeed!1 You will find senior high school different from junior high school.2 Your schoolwork will be more challenging.3 We will give you more ind

19、ependence.4 You should listen more carefully.5 You can join a club.6 Your teachers will help you in many ways.7 You will succeed!B2 Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.cbegdfaB3 What is your goal for the

20、new term? How are you going to achieve your goal? Write about it using different sentence structures. Use the example below to help you.I will try to improve my English in the new term. There are a lot of things I need to do achieve this goal. I will read two English novels this term. I will also tr

21、y to find a language partner. Joining the English club will be helpful to me too. All my efforts will pay off!My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills. To achieve this goal, I will be friendlier to my classmates. Joining a school club will help me make more friends. I will also

22、 read a book on how to improve communication skills. I will succeed!Speaking in public confidently remains a challenge to me. I find it difficult to speak in public confidently. My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills. To achieve this goal, I will encourage myself to ask and a

23、nswer more questions. Joining a club also seems a great idea. I think it can offer me a good opportunity to make new friends and acquire new skills. Besides, I will read a book on how to improve communication skills. Always try hard and I will succeed! Sample answerPracticeCorrect the grammar mistakes in the following passage.Manage time p