广东高考英语语法填空

1、20XX年广东高考英语语法填空一、考查形式广东省高考英语科“语法填空”从命题的形式上看，它依据语篇，考查语法的分析与运用能力；用此题取代单项选择，更好地体现了新课程的理念，实现了从“题感”向“语感”培养的回归“：语法填空”命题形式：要求考生阅读一篇大约200个词的短文，然后完成10个语法填空。考生应按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空：二、命题特点具体有以下特点：1、考查多项语法点。在考点分方面，所涉及的语法知识类型可以分为实词的形态题和功能词的使用题两类，一个空格基本上代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语

2、法点。对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。两年均未考查的项目为数词、助动词、情态动词和名词。2、考查语法规则。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例1InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用beallowed；由had

3、,left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是wereallowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。例2ThewhyIwassadwasthathedidntunderstandme.解析：因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。3、考查语境理解。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个

4、句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。例3Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollutioncontrolefforts.解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.要根据句子结构的前后提示做答。例4Oilpriceshaverisenby32perc

5、entsincethestartoftheyear,(reach)arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。例5Itwouldbe(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believable；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un,答案为unbelievable。三、解答语法

6、填空题的思路根据语法知识进行填充每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。如：InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.因allow与they是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用beallowed；由had,left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是wereallowed。此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。根据逻辑关系进行

7、填充表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,bytheway等。根据语篇标志进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如asamatterof,beproudof,bytheway,comefrom,congratulate。口，devoteto，earnonesliving,

8、keeponesword,makeuponesmind等，对解题很有帮助。根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat,itis(forsb.)todosth.,Thereisnodoubtthat，thereisnosenseindoingsth.等来解题。根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接todo作宾语的动词，接todo作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。根据生活常识进行填充Icrossedthest

9、reettoavoid1(meet)him,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.Itwasnouse2(pretend)thatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.Ineverenjoy3(meet)NigelDykes.Heneverhasanything4(do).Nomatterhowbusyyouare,healwaysinsistson5(come)withyou.答案：1.ing四、备考策略不断记忆，积累词汇。语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单

10、词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。夯实基础，学好语法。英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。大声朗读，培养语感。语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感

11、是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。坚持不懈，多做练习。语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对根据“课标”及考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握24个语法项目，包括：1、名词（可数名词及其单复数；不可数名词；专有名词；名词所有格）；2、代词（人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词）；3、数词（基数词；序数词）；4、介词和介词短语；5、连词；6、形容词（

12、比较级和最高级）；7、副词（比较级和最高级）；8、冠词（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）；9、动词（动词的基本形式；系动词；及物动词和不及物动词；助动词；情态动词）；10、时态（一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；过去将来时；将来进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时）；11、被动语态；12、非谓语动词（动词不定式；动词的-ing形式；动词的-ed形式）；13、构词法（合成法；派生法；转化法；缩写和简写）；14、句子种类（陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句）；15、句子成分（主语；谓语；表语；宾语；定语；状语；补语）；、简单句的基本句型；（五种句型）、主谓一致；、并列复合

13、句；19、主从复合句（宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句；主语从句；表语从句）；20、间接引语；21、省略；22、倒装；23、强调；24、虚拟语气。要特别关注重点的语法项目：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、强调、虚拟语气、动词（时态、语态、非谓语形式）、词类转换、连词、冠词、副词、从句等。1、考纲新增语法项目：Q现在完成进行时Q将来进行时Q强调Q虚拟语气2、强调句型与状语从句的区别：Itwasat9oclockhecameback.Itwas9oclockhecameback.3、定语从句与同位语从句中关联词的区别：QThetruthhetoldmeisveryimportant.QThetruthhe

14、passedtheexamisveryimportant.（keys:Qwhich/that/X引导定语从句Qthat引导同位语从句）4、在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法。QPleasetellhimtocallbackwhenhe（come）back.QIdontknowwhenhe（come）back.（keys:QcomesQwillcome）5、标点符号的指示作用QHesentmealetter,（invite）metodinner.（注：“Inviting现在分词表内容；“toinvite作目的状语不能用逗号隔开）QTheweatherturnedouttobe

15、verygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpected.QTheweatherturnedouttobeverygood;wasmorethanwecouldexpected.注：Qwhich引导非限制性定语从句；Qthat用“分号”说明是并列分句，与定语从句无关6、独立主格结构的作用Alltheguestshavingarrived(=Whenalltheguestshadarrived),themeetingwasdeclaredopen.Herteafinished(=Afterherteawasfinished),shewentonwithherwork.7、垂悬分词：

16、有些已成为习惯用法的分词或短语并不受逻辑主语的制约，具有介词或连词的性质，表明说话者的态度或角度。eg:including,supposing(假设),owingto,considering(考虑至到)，concerning(关于)，judgingfrom/by,generally/strictlyspeaking,.Eg:Everybodyinmyfamilylikesthecross-talk,including,me.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.Theyhavedonewellconsidering(that)theyhavenoexpe

17、rience.8、固定句型：Itisthefirsttimethatsb.+现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat+过去完成时9、注意感官动词、使役动词后面的宾语补足语：see/watch/notice/lookatlet/make/havelistento/hearfeeldoing（主动、进行）+宾语+宾补Vdo（主动，全过程）done（被动、完成）注意变成过去式、现在分词、过去分词须双写最后字母的单词以及不规则动词等，如:prefer;permit,cut.由as引导的定语从句与形式主语的区别Qisknowntoall,thesunisbiggerthantheearth.

18、Qisknowntoallthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.TOC o 1-5 h ztheother表示;theothers表示;others表示;other表示。e.g.1)Shehastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisanengineer.SomewenttotheGreatWall,othersvisitedtheMiyunReservior.Youhaveseenoneofthephotosofmysister.NowIllshowyoutheothers.Haveyouanyothernovels?全系动词和半系动词：1）全

19、系动词：look/smell/taste/sound/feel注意：后面+adj.不能用被动语态不用进行时不能直接否定表语，要否定系动词。2）半系动词：wash/sell/write/.注意：后面+adv.不能用被动语态不用进行时要否定半系动词。Eg:Theicefeelscold.Thebooksellswell.Thepenwriteswell.14只能用引导定语从句的情况五、高考实例(10广东)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或受用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。Ayoungman,whiletrave

20、lingthroughadesert，csmeacrossaspringofclearwater.31waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder32hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33.(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.The

21、youngmanwenthome35ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet36studenttastethewater.Hespititout,37(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike38?Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewater

22、wassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe39(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbest40wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeonadiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.答案：31-35The/who/presented/warmly/with36-40another/s

23、aying/it/sweeter/when考前热身】字数：143时间：7分钟难度：探OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots!Ithoughtthey31(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman32(come)out.Hewasshortandfat33abigmoustacheMore34(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!35

24、Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet36disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.37happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin38thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe39(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine!Whatane

25、xcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme40$100reward!31.ing33.with34.importantly35.Before36.and37.what38.1ess39.Wasbuying40.ahadcome，考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想/认为之前发生：coming，考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth.的结构：with，介词，有，具有：importantly，moreimportantly,表“更重要的是：Before，时间状语从句，表“在之前”：and，and连接ranup和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：

26、What，Whathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：1ess，1essthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。wasbuying，过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：a,表一份奖品：【限时训练】语法填空测试题1字数：155时间：7分钟难度：OnceSmith,atraveler,waswetandcoldbecausehehadbeenridingintherain.Atlasthereachedacountryinn31_wassocrowdedwithpeoplethathecouldnotgetthefirethere.32hecalledouttotheinnkee

27、per.3(take)somefishtomyhorseTheinnkeeperanswered,But34horsedoesnteatfish!Smiththensaid,Nevermind,do35Itellyou.Thecrowdofpeople,36(hear)thisstrangeorder,ranouttoseethehorseeatfish.Thetraveler,nowhavingthewholeroomto37,satdownbesidethefire38warmedhimself.39theinnkeepercamebackwiththecrowdofpeople,hesa

28、id,Yourhorsewouldnteatfish!Thetraveleranswered,Putitonthetable,andwhenI40(dry)myclothes,Iwilleatitmyself.31which32So33Take34a35as36heating37whole38and39When40myselfwhich，关系代词引导限制性定语从句：So,通过上下逻辑，此处表因果关系：Take，此处是祈使的语气：a,不定冠词表一类。as,as引导的宾语从句，表“正如/按照的那样”巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：40.a,表一份奖品：语法填空测试题2字数：155时间：7分钟难度：Mr.S

29、mithlivedinasmallvillage.Hegrewvegetables.Yearsagohefoundworkinabigcityandmoved31withhisfamily.32thefirstSaturdayintheirnewhome,Mr.Smithtookhisnewcaroutofthegarageand33(wash)it.Amancameatthemoment.34hesawMr.Smithsnewcar,hestoppedandlookedatit35afewminutes.ThenMr.Smithturnedandsawhim.Themansaid,Thats

30、anicecar.Is36yours?Sometimes,Smithanswered37asmile.Sometimes?Themansaid.38doyoumean?Well,answeredSmithslowly,Whentheresapartyintown,itismydaughters,.Mary.Whentheresafootballgame,itsmysons,John.39Iwashit,anditlooksreallyniceandclean,itsmywifes.Andwhenitneedsgas,its4031.there32.On33.waswashing/washed3

31、4.When35.for36.it37.withWhat39.After40.minethere.“那里”(inabigcity)，扌旨示副词,On,具体的某一天用介词on.washed,and连接tookhisnewcar和washedit,表并列关系：When。考查When引导的时间状语从句：for,由afewminutes可知，应填for表一段时间：it,代词，代替anicecar.37with,withasmile意为“带着微笑”：38What，“Whatdoyoumean?意为“你什么意思?”After，从上下逻辑可知“在我洗车之后”mine，考查I的名词性物主代词mine.语法填空

32、测试题3字数：214时间：10分钟难度：探Welcometoourcompany,everybody.Thistimeourcompanyhas11collegestudents31(work)in5departments.IamLuisa,Directorinchargeofthestudentpractice.Letmesaysomethingtoyouall.Startingworkcanbeexcitingononehand,andcanalso32(worry)ontheother.Nomatter33yourfuturejobis,youwillhavetoworkwithothe

33、rs。Learningtogetonwellwithothersmustcomefirst.34(include)allpeopleinthecompanyandourcustomers.Andsecond.thismorningright35myintroduction.spendsometimereadingtheintroductionofthecompanyandgettoknowthepeopleinyourofficeandfindoutwhatourcompanyislike.Thisafternoonyoucanwalkaroundourworkshopsandknow36ab

34、outtheproducts.37oneisallowedtoleavethecompanybefore5:30.Bytheway.lunchtimecomesat11:50anditsfreeofcharge.Rememberthis:Learningissoimportant38itwillchangeyourfuturelife.Ourcompanycanansweryourreallearning39_youcanmakeupyourmindtogothroughwithit.ThisiswhatIliketosaytoyouatthemoment.Ifyoustillhave40qu

35、estions.pleasecometomyoffice.Thankyou.31.working32.beworrying33.What34.including35.after36.more37.No38.that39.if40.anyworking，现在分词短语workingin5departments作后置定语，修饰11collegestudents：beworrying，“令人担忧的/令人焦虑的”由also可知，and连接beexciting和beworrying，表并列关系：what，从前后关系可知“无论你将来的工作是什么；”所以此处nomatterwhat是最佳答案：includin

36、g，介词，“包括”:after.表“我的介绍之后，今天上午的其他安排.more,从前文可知此处表更进一步了解产No.Nooneisallowedtoleave.表任何人不允许离开that，考查so.that的结构：if,表假设关系：any,表”任何“语法填空测试题4字数：175时间：8分钟难度：Usuallymalebutterfliesaremorebrightlycoloredthanthefemale.Thefemalehavebiggerandheavierbodies.31_theycarrytheeggs.Thebrightcolorsofthemalehelptoattractt

37、hefemale.andthedullercolorsofthefemalemakethem32likelytobecaughtbyenemiesbeforethey(lay)theireggs.34_butterflieshaveabrightpatterncolorsontheuppersurfaceoftheirwingswhichareshown35flying.Butwhentheyrestonatreeor36(leaf)theyclosetheirwings.Ontheundersidesoftheirwingstherearegreenandbrownmarks37lookli

38、kethetreeorleaves.Theyarethendifficultto38(see).Manybutterflieshaveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlooklikeeyes.Whentheyareresting,theirwingsareclosed,andthesecannotbeseen.Whenabirdsees39_,andbeginstoattackit,thebutterfly40openitswings.Thebirdthinksthatitseestwoeyesstaringatit,andsoitisfrightened,andflies

39、away.31since321ess33havelaid34Some35whenwhile36leaves37whichthat38beseen39one40wouldsince,“由于，既然”表原因：less,从上下文可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住”havelaid，由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态：Some,不定代词，“一些”：whenwhile，whenwhile+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句，“正在飞时”：leaves,leaf的复数形式是leaves.which/that,关系代词，引导限制性定语从句？beseen，考

40、查动词不定式的被动语态，意为“然后他们很难被看见:”one,不定代词，指代任意一只butterfly。40.would，表一种必然的动作或经常的动作：语法填空测试题5字数：198时间：9分钟难度：探Yes,youreright.IamfromSouthAfrica.Iamnotatallusedtothiscoldweather,31IamgladtosaythatIhavealltheclothesforthis32(freeze)weather.WhenIfirstgottoknowthatIwouldbeattendingthisinternationalconferenceherein

41、Finland,Ihadnoidea33_kindofclothesIshouldtakealong.IdidntknowwhattodowhenIthoughtofthistwo-weekstayhere,witharatherformaldinner,afewparties,socialgatheringsandadance34theconference.Fortunately,myfriendJuliahasbeentoNorthernEurope.Yes,shewasagreathelp.Shehelped35(solve)mybiggestproblem.Sheplacedanord

42、erforsomewarmsuits36dresses,business-typeclothes,ofcourse,ofdarkcolours.Shealsoboughtmeskirtsandblouses;38Icouldwearthesameclothesinseveraldifferentways.Acoupleoflivelycoloureddresseswillgivemeanicechange39timetotime.Shealsohelpedtochooseaverywarmraincoatandapairofboots.Oh.40luckyIamtohavesuchahelpf

43、ulfriend.Shesavedmealotoftrouble.31.but32.freezing33.what34.During35.tosolve36.and37.some38.or/otherwisefrom40.howbut，表意思的转折：freezing，freezing是形容词，“冰冻的，在冰点下的，寒冷的”what,表没有范围的选择.“不知道要带哪类衣服”：during，介词，表在会议期间：tosolve,helptotheproblem表帮忙/帮助解决我的大难题：and，suitsanddresses表并歹1关系：some.不定代词，表”一些”Or/Otherwise，否则，

44、要不然from,fromtimetotime是固定搭配，“不时，时时，有时”：how,考查由how引导的感叹句：语法填空测试题6字数：168时间：8分钟难度：*TheWhitesliveinabigciW.Theyhaveason31(name)Tom.Hishobbyisreading.Whenhecomeshomefromschool,healwaysgoestohisroomandjustreadsbooks.He32playsoutdoors.Oneday,Mrs.Whitesaidtoherhusband,33isnotgoodforTomshealthtoliveinthecity

45、allthetime.Theyfoundasmallhouseinthecountry.Theytookhimthere34avacation.Theylefthomeat835gotthereat11inthemorning.36theyreachedthehouse,hismothersaid,37cleantheairislshesaidtoTom,Wearegoingtostayhereforaweek.Tomranintothehouse.Afewminutes38,heranbacktohismotherandsaid,Icantfind39desk.Hismotheranswer

46、ed,Wecamehere40(spend)ourvacationinthecountry.Youmustplayoutdoorsandnotreadbookshere.Enjoyyourvacation!Tomcried,Oh,howterrible!31named32neverhardly33It34for35and36When37How38later39a40tospendnamed,过去分词短语作定语，asonnamedTom意为“一位名叫汤姆的儿子”never/hardly,完全否定，“从来不”：It，考查Itis十adj.十todosth.的句型结构，It作形式主语：for,此处表

47、目的，foravacation表渡假：and，表并列关系，连接lefthome和gotthere两个动词短语。When考查由When引导的时间状语从句：37How,How引导的感叹句：later，afewminuteslater意为“一会儿后”：a，不定冠词，泛指一张桌子：tospend，动词不定式短语作目的状语-语法填空测试题7字数：201时间：9分钟难度：*Deareveryone,CanIreallybesofarawayandstillfeelathome?Ithasbeenlessthanamonth31_IstartedattheFrancesKingSchoolandIalrea

48、dyfeelthatIbelongtoLondon.32manyofthestudentshere,Iamlivingwithalocalfamily,_33ertainlyhelpsmetopracticemyEnglishawayfromclass.Theschoolbelievesthat34(learn)shouldcontinueoutsideclassesand35studentsshouldhavethechancetoexperienceBritishculture.Lastweekweallwenttoseeamusical(歌舞剧)36thisweekendwearegoingtovisitStratfordfortheday.WehavealsobeenpromisedaweekendinParisnextspring!Ofcourse,Imworkinghardaswellashaving37_.Withclasssizesoflessthanfifteenthereis38chanceofbeingabletoavoidtheteachers.AswellaslearningEnglishwearealsotaughthowtostudyby39(we).Thatshoul