2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit4NaturalDisasters课件新人教版必修第一册

1、UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS核心单词阅读词汇1.tornado n.龙卷风；旋风2.drought n.旱灾；久旱3.landslide n.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡4.slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动5.tsunami n.海啸6.magnitude n.(地)震级；重大7.evacuate vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离8.helicopter n.直升机vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风9.shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护雨或危险)10.crack n.裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.(使)破裂11.ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏12.

2、percent n.百分之adj.& adv.每一百中13.brick n.砖；砖块14.metal n.金属15.bury vt.埋葬；安葬16.unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体17.context n.上下文；语境；背景18.volcano n.火山19.typhoon n.台风20.hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲21.tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍22.pipe n.管子；管道vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声)；23.whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声呼啸声24.kit n.成套工具；成套设备25.sweep vt.& vi.打扫

3、；清扫高频词汇1._ n.灾难；灾害disaster2._ n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没floodrescuedamage3._ n.& vt.营救；救援4._ vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失5._ n.电；电能electricitytrap6._ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱7._ n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力effort8._ vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffersupplycalm9._ n.供应(量)；补给； pl.补给品vt.供应；供给10._ adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静11._ n.援助；帮助；救援物

4、资vi.& vt.帮助；援助12._ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞13._ n.海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手14._ vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击aidcrashwavestrike拓展词汇1._ vt.摧毁；毁灭_ adj.破坏性的destruction n.破坏；毁坏destroydestructive2._ n. 死；死亡die vi. 死亡_ adj. 死的deadly adj.致命的deathdeadaffecteffect3._ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动_ n.影响；结果；效果effective adj.有效的shockedsh

5、ocking4.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊_ adj.感到震惊的_ adj.令人震惊的5.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸_ n.呼吸_ adj.气喘吁吁的breathbreathlessrevival6.revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒_ n.振兴；复苏7._ n.智慧；才智wise adj.明智的8.erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出_ n.爆发；喷出wisdomeruptionsurvivesurvival9._ vi.生存；幸存vt.幸存；艰难度过_ n.幸存；生存survivor n.幸存者10._ n.电力供

6、应；能量；力量；控制力_adj.强大的；强有力的powerless adj.无力的11.emergent adj.紧急的_ n.突发事件；紧急情况12._ vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表delivery n.运送13.summary n.总结；概括；概要_ vt.总结；概括14._ n.长；长度long adj.长的_ vt.加长emergencydeliversummarizelengthlengthenpowerpowerful联想积累【派生构词】suffering(动词后缀-ing同义名词)greeting 问候warning 警告training 训练finding 发现【合成

7、构词】landslide(名词 1名词 2新名词)masterpiece 杰作mankind 人类airline 航空公司necktie 领带重点短语1.do/cause _ to 对造成损害damageif2.as _ 似乎；好像；仿佛3.in _ 严重受损；破败不堪ruinstrapped4.in _震惊；吃惊5.be _ in 陷入；困入inefforts6.be buried_ 专心于7.make _ to do sth.努力做某事8.supply sb._ sth.提供给某人某物withoninon9._ the open air 露天；在户外10._ hand 现有(尤指帮助)11

8、._ away 消灭；彻底消除12.have an effect _ 对有影响shocksweep精选佳句教材原句asif1.It seemed _ _ the world were coming to anend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！句式结构句式 1：as if 引导表语从句教材原句hardtoget2.Water, food and electricity were _ _ _.水、食物和电都很难得到。句式结构句式 2：beadj.to do (不定式用主动形式表达被动意义)教材原句killingmorethan3.The most powerful earthquake in the

9、past 40 years caused atsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,_ _ _ 6 ，500 people in Indonesia, India,Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.昨天，40 年来最强烈的地震引发海啸，重创整个亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少四个其他国家 6500 多人死亡。句式结构句式 3：现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果教材原句washavingbreakfastwhen4

10、.I _ _ _ with my three children_ water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐时，突然水开始涌入我的家。句式结构句式 4：be doing.when.，意为“正在做某事，突然”教材原句5.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads willmake _ _ _ _ food and supplies.然而，危险的环境和受损的道路将使运送食品和物资变得困难。句式结构itdifficulttodeliver句式 5：it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语课文复现S

11、trange things happened 1._ the Tangshan earthquakehappened.The well walls had deep cracks.At least one well hadsome 2._ (smell) gas came out of it.Chickens and evenpigs were too nervous 3._ (eat).beforesmellyAt 3：42 4._ the morning of July 28, 1976, everythingbegan to shake.It seemed as if the world

12、 were coming to5._ end.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.The wholecity lay in 6._ (ruin).Many people died or were 7._ (bad)to eatonanruinsbadlyinjured.Everything in the city was 8._ (destroy).Peoplewere 9._ (shock) at this and wondered how long thedisaster would last.The army organized teams

13、to dig out those who 10._(trap) and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city.Slowly the city began to breatheagain.destroyedshockedwere trapped单句语法填空1.Finally, Napoleon reached Moscow, only to find the citydeserted and lying in _ (ruin).ruins2.The local

14、 clubs are making every effort _ (interest)more young people.to interestwisdom3.Its universally acknowledged that we grow in _(wise) as we grow older.4.It was a _ (shock) story so that we all got _(shock) by the plots.shockingshocked5.When life lets you down and it seems that your world comesto _ en

15、d, take courage and move on.an6.We discussed shortening the _ (long) of the coursein order to improve the efficiency.length7.We can make a promise to you that we wont charge you for_ (deliver).delivery8.It is known that the media has a _ (power) effect onpublic opinions.powerfultosurvivors9.Driverle

16、ss cars cant cause damage _ our environment.On the contrary, they are beneficial to it.10.Unfortunately, the plane crashed in an area of jungle.Therewere no _ (survive).1.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动【原句】 82 killed, 500，000 affected (教材 P49) 82 人遇难，50 万人受到影响【典例】We are deeply affected by his devotion to w

17、ork. 他对工作的奉献令我们深受感动。Does television have an effect on childrens behaviour？电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？The traffic laws dont take effect until the end of the year.交通法要到年底才生效。【归纳】be deeply affected by.被深深打动【拓展】(1)affection n.喜爱；钟爱have an affection for 喜爱(2)effect n.影响；结果；效果have an effect on.对有影响take effect 开始生效come

18、into effect 开始生效in effect 事实上，实际上side effects 副作用(3)effective adj.有效的；生效的【即学即用】单句语法填空foraffectedin(1)The special day allows people to show their love andaffection _ their fathers.(2)We are deeply _ (affect) by what happens to us inthe childhood.(3)I didnt fail the exam; _ effect I did rather well!(4

19、)With more _ (effect) measures put in place, thedisease has been brought under control.effective2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊【原句】People were in shockand then, later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(教材 P50)人们都很震惊然后，下午晚些时候，另一场大地震再次震动了唐山。【典例】It shocked them to hear that the hospi

20、tal was closing down.听说医院要关闭了，他们很震惊。Bill looked at the broken vase in shock.比尔震惊地看着打碎的花瓶。【归纳】It shocked sb.to see/hear.看到/听到使某人震惊be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击be in a state of shock 惊魂未定；处于休克状态in shock 震惊；吃惊culture shock 文化冲击【拓展】(1)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked at/by.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊(2)

21、shocking adj.令人震惊的Its shocking that.是令人震惊的。【即学即用】单句语法填空shockedshockingshockeda(1)People were _ (shock) to see that the little girl wasoften beaten by her stepmother.The _ (shock) news_ (shock) all the people around, which was also _shock to her father who was working abroad.补全句子，每空一词wereshockedat/by

22、(2)The parents _ _ _ (对感到震惊) the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.(3)Maria brought the roses in, and then just looked at them_ _ (吃惊).inshock3.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力【原句】 With strong support from the government and thetireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upo

23、nthe earthquake ruins.(教材 P50)在政府的大力支持和广大市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。【典例】 The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldntclimb the prison wall.囚犯试图逃跑，但爬不上监狱的墙。 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment,because it is shared by all the human beings.我们应不遗余力地美化我们的环境，因为它是全人类共有的。The boy lif

24、ted the big rock without effort.这个男孩毫不费力地举起了这块大石头。【归纳】make every effort/an effort/efforts to do sth.努力/竭尽全力做某事spare no effort(s) to do sth.不遗余力做某事in an effort to do sth.努力做某事put effort into 对某事付出很大努力with effort 努力地without effort 毫不费力地It takes effort to do sth.花费精力去做某事。【即学即用】单句语法填空to keepwith(1)Penny

25、 tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort_ (keep) up with her work.(2)Jenny took a deep breath and sat up slowly _effort.完成句子，每空一词sparenoeffortto(3)这座城市会不遗余力地保证市民的安全。The city will _ _ _ _ the safety of its citizens.(4)我们应该竭尽全力保护我们宝贵的淡水。Weshould_ our valuable drinking water.makeevery/aneffo

26、rttoprotectensure4.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表【原句】 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roadswill make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(教材 P54)然而，危险的环境和受损的道路将使运送食品和物资变得困难。【典例】If you subscribe to the newspaper, itll be delivered to yourdoor.假如你订阅了这种报纸，就会有人送到你家门口。The doctor delivered ove

27、r 200 babies last year.去年，这个医生接生了 200 多名新生儿。 After he came to power, the president delivered awonderful speech.总统上台之后，发表了一篇精彩的演说。【归纳】deliver sth.to sb.把某物递送给某人deliver a baby 接生；助产deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲be delivered of 分娩；生孩子【拓展】delivery n.运送；分娩make a delivery 交货；发货【即学即用】运送发表接生delivery写出下列句中 de

28、liver 的中文含义(1)Weguaranteetodeliveryourgoodswithinaweek._(2)The president declined to deliver the speech himself, onaccount of a sore throat._(3)Dr.Lin had gone to a neighbouring village to deliver ababy._单句语法填空(4)I got a _ (deliver) of fresh eggs this e to an end 结束【原句】It seemed as if the world were

29、 coming to an end！(教材 P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临！【典例】The show came to an end in the laughter of the audience.演出在观众的笑声中结束了。The English class ended up with a beautiful song.英语课以一首优美的歌曲结束了。Zhang Yue never thought that this was something she wouldend up doing.张悦以前从来没有想过自己最后会做这一行。【归纳】put an end to.结束bring.to an end

30、结束end up doing sth.以做结束end up with 以结束end up in failure/prison 以失败/坐牢告终【拓展】endless adj.无止境的，无休止的【即学即用】单句语法填空an(1)When the meetings came to _ end, Kafka presentedher with a doll.gettinginwith(2)If you dont know what you want, you might end up_ (get) something you dont want.(3)You will end up _ prison

31、 if you go on stealing.(4)His speech ended up _ a burst of applause.2.the number of.数量【原句】 The number of people who were killed or badlyinjured in the quake was more than 400，000.(教材 P50)在地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超过 40 万人。【典例】The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。A number of roa

32、ds have been blocked by fallen trees.一些道路被倒下的树堵住了。词组含义用法the number of的数量后接名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式a number of许多的；大量的后接名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式【辨析】 the number of 与 a number of【即学即用】单句语法填空has increased(1)Recently, the number of the students in our school who skipbreakfast _ (increase) greatly.(2)The exhibition

33、was so interesting that _ number ofpeople came to visit it.a1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end ！( 教材P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临！【剖析】 本句是复合句，句中 as if 意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，引导表语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气。【典例】(2020天津卷阅读理解 D)I didnt feel as though I neededto keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers whounderstood

34、 me.我觉得自己没有必要追随别人；我终于和理解我的同学们在一起了！(陈述语气)(2020全国卷阅读理解 D)I always read, using differentvoices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice andthey loved it！我总是用不同的声音阅读，就好像我在用我的声音表演故事，他们喜欢这样！(与现在事实相反)I felt as if my heart had stopped.我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。(与过去事实相反)Joseph opened his mouth as if he woul

35、d say something. 约瑟夫张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)【点津】as if/though 可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句：(1)如果 as if/though 引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气：如果与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时，be 动词用 were；如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时，即“had过去分词”；如果与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might动词原形”。【即学即用】完成句子，每空一词hadbroken(1)是约翰打破了窗户，为什么你说起来

36、好像是我做的呢？It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to meas if I _ _ it?(2)黛西爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。Daisy loves the boy _ _ _ _his mother.asifshewere(3)赖安看起来好像马上就要哭出来了。Ryan looked _ _ he was about to burst intotears.asif/though2.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.( 教材 P50)水、食物和电都很难得到。【

37、剖析】 本句是简单句。句中不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。主语 Water, food, and electricity 是不定式 to get 的逻辑宾语。【典例】 (2019全国卷阅读理解D)The bacteria in the International Space Station are hard to get rid of.国际空间站里的细菌很难去除。(2019北京卷阅读理解 C)Credibility is hard to earn buteasy to lose.赢得信誉很难，失去信誉却很容易。The maths problem is difficult to work out.

38、It is difficult to work out the maths problems. 这道数学题很难算出来。【点津】(1)如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则其后要接相应的介词。(2)常用于该句式的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, comfortable,interesting, pleasant 等。(3)变式：Itbeadj.不定式(含宾语)。【即学即用】单句语法填空to answerwith(1)This question is difficult for such a little boy _(answer).(2)The new young man is

39、easy to get along _.句式改写，每空一词(3)The professional lecture was hard for the children tounderstand.(it 作形式主语)Itwashard _ _ _ for the children _ the professional lecture.tounderstand3.I was having breakfast with my three children whenwater started filling my home.(教材 P54) 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐时，突然水开始涌入我的家。【剖析】

40、本句是一个并列句，句中含有“sb.be doing.when.”句型，when用作并列连词，意为“突然这时”，相当于 just at this/that time。【典例】 (2021 浙江卷 完形填空)My mother was putting hergroceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her andsaid, “Here are the things that you put back.”母亲在把自己的食品杂货装进袋子里时，一位陌生人走过来对她说：“这是你放回去的东西。” Alexander was about t

41、o give up when he thought of theencouraging words of his parents.亚历山大正要放弃，这时他想到了父母鼓励他的话语。 I was on the point of reaching the finishing line when Ifell down.我在就快要到达终点线的时候摔倒了。 She had just finished her homework when her motherasked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成作业，突然她妈让她练习钢琴。【点津】wh

42、en 用作并列连词时的常用句式有：be doing.when.正在做这时/突然be about to do.when.正打算做这时/突然 be on the point of doing.when. 正要做 这时/突然had just done.when.刚做完某事这时/突然【即学即用】单句语法填空was conducting(1)(2017全国卷完形填空)Just last year, I _(conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroomdoor.on(2)I was _ the point of going out wh

43、en it started to rain.完成句子，每空一词(3)我们正要去野餐，这时天开始下雨了。We _ _ _ _ for a picnic_ it began to rain.weregowhenabout to时间10月16日，星期四事件地震演习过程1.老师提前给同学们讲避险逃生的知识；2.听到第一声警报，同学们迅速双手护头躲避在桌子底下；听到第二声警报，同学们迅速有序地撤离至操场；3.同学们从第一声警报声响起到集合完毕仅用了2分45秒。【题目】假定你是校报的小记者李华，请根据表格中所提供的信息，为校报的英语专栏写一篇报道。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：地震演习 earthquake drill参考范文：On Thursday, October 16th, our school carried out anearthquake drill.Before the drill, teachers gave students detailed instructions onhow to escape in an earthquake.Then, the moment the first alarmsounded, all of us hid under the d