高考英语二轮复习课件(湖南用) 专题四阅读理解 第1讲主旨大意题

1、2010年以来湖南高考阅读理解减为三篇，每篇5个题。考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，并且还考查考生快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。考生不仅要正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义和延伸意义。它是对考生知识和心理素质的综合检验。可以说，阅读理解得分率的高低在很大程度上决定着英语考试的成败。对此在提高阅读能力的基础上，还要把握阅读理解的考查特点。其特点具体体现在以下三个方面。1体裁丰富，题材广泛下面我们就近三年湖南高考阅读理解文章进行简要的分析。年份序号体裁主题2013A说明文介绍去英国旅游时几条有效节省费用的方法B夹叙夹议文讲述作者去拜访一位贫困

2、山区教师的故事C说明文介绍一个充满爱心，给读者带来便利的特殊图书馆年份序号体裁主题2012A记叙文由父亲的一条短信引起的灵感B说明文描述人们在周末休息时可游览的几个地方C科技说明文介绍一种新发明的材料及其特点、用途2011A说明文介绍一家波斯小饭店B记叙文讲述一个船舶工程师战时的经历C说明文最近一项研究表明非洲大象被分为两种截然不同的物种从以上表格可以看出：湖南高考英语阅读理解涉及的话题及文章的主题均是考生较熟悉的。从体裁上来看，主要集中在说明文和记叙文，以考查考生对记人记事、评论说理以及概括说明的能力。2阅读量大，长难句多复杂句式明显增多，句子结构富于变化，其篇章和句子结构几乎囊括了英语语法

3、中的所有语法现象，行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多。这就要求考生在较短时间内分析长难句、突破生词障碍，捕捉和准确理解文章的具体信息，并在此基础上进行推理、归纳，作出正确的理解和判断。3命题角度灵活，考查方式多样阅读理解在设计上从题干到选项都具有灵活巧妙、含蓄隐蔽等特点，考生必须在明确题意，排除干扰，找出依据的前提下，经过深入思考才能定夺答案。湖南高考英语阅读理解题主要考查的题型是细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和猜测词义题。细节理解题是考查的重点，近三年高考题中约占53%。预测2014年高考英语阅读理解将延续近几年高考阅读理解的命题风格：体裁多样，题材广泛，将会涉及社会、文

4、化、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，尤其是社会热点问题，如环保和高科技等；试题设置以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，兼顾主旨大意和词义猜测等；考查的词汇量将会加大，考生要在平时的复习中多积累词汇以有效备考。第1讲主旨大意题A(2013湖南高考)Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTSBig sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make

5、it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival(19 Oct. )cost 169.15 at Booking. com. A week later, the same room cost 118. 15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoidor youre looking for a big event to pass y

6、our timecheck out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAY AWAY FROM THE STATIONIf traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of con

7、venience at the start of your holiday.Dont be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodges Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 75.75. And a

8、t Farringdon，a double room cost just 62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELFReally central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune，especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a selfcatering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats ar

9、e hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic ONeill Flat on Edinburghs Royal Mile，available for 420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKELondons Boris bikes have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have s

10、imilar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs. Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around 1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or 5 per day)1The m

11、ain purpose of the passage is _Ato tell visitors how to book in advanceBto supply visitors with hotel informationCto show visitors the importance of selfhelpDto offer visitors some moneysaving tips【解析】主旨归纳题。文章的开头“Planning a visit to the UK？Here we help with ways to cut your costs.”是本文的主题句。所以正确答案是D。【

12、答案】DB(2013辽宁高考)Going green seems to be a fad (时尚)for a lot of people these that is good or bad，we cant really say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22，2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire meant doing 365 different green things，and it also m

13、eant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go

14、 green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our now shop at organic (有机的 ) stores. We consume less meat，choosing green food. We

15、have greatly reduced our buying we dont have given away half of what we owned through home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical make our own butter，enjoying the smell of homemade fresh our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been ch

16、anged by Our Green are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.2What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing GreenBProtecting the PlanetCKeeping OpenMindedDCelebrating Our Green Year【解析】主旨大意题。概括文章

17、大意可知，文章主要介绍了我们夫妻二人追求绿色生活方式的行为。在本文中going green为关键词，可概括文章主旨。B项概括范围过大；C项意为“保持思维开放”，曲解了文章主旨；D项意为“庆祝我们的绿色之年，”概括范围过小。【答案】AC(2013天津高考)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward like this it was quite by accident that I discovered the

18、deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents home in Boise in nine traveled the way most people do: the fastest，shortest，easiest road，especially when I was alone with four noisy，restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about

19、 everything.Road trips felt risky，so I would drive fast，stopping only when I had would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner，our lamb was was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to had two choices：leave Banner with my husband，or take him with husband made the decision

20、for me.That is how I found myself on the road with four kids，a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me took the country roads out of had to stop every hour，let Banner shake out his legs and feed kids chased him and one another.Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized，sm

21、elling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads，catching grasshoppers in waisthigh if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother，or fish leaping out of the water，it was better than the best ride down the was new horizons (见识)We eventually arrived at my parents

22、 doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining an empty section of road，everyone started stopped the car，ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some ro

23、ad trips are by necessity fast and that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journeyand the best part of yourself.3What could be the best title for the passage?ACharm of th

24、e DetourBThe Road to BraveryCCreativity out of NecessityDRoad Trip and Country Life【解析】主旨大意题。作者以诗人William Stafford对绕行道的理解引题，加上自己的亲身经历，进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分，也发现最好的自己。这就讲述了一个道理绕行道的魅力，故选A项。【答案】A根据阅读理解对主旨大意的设问方式和主要测试点，在做主旨类考题时，可根据主题(subject)或中心思想(main idea)、写作目的(purpose)、文章标题(title)不同的提问方式分别采用以下

25、策略。1寻找主题句(段)，确定主旨大意对考查文章或段落主旨大意类的题型，可采用寻觅主题句的方式来解题。主题句是文章的核心，它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句，文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。(1)主题句(段)在文首在说明文、议论文和新闻报道类文体中多采用开头点明主题的方式。因此，要寻找此类文章的主旨大意就要对文章的开头段落倍加关注。(2)主题句(段)在文中有些文章开头段落无明显的主题句，或谈及细节或提出问题，此后再点出主题。此类文章的主题句往往出现在文章的中部。(3)主题句(段)在文尾部分文章通篇叙事或者议论，直至文章最后才对全文作结论性的概括，阐述主旨。此类文章的主旨在

26、文章结尾才能得以体现。(4)首尾呼应主题有些文章或段落在开头和结尾都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想，因而采用了两次点题的写作手法。此类首尾照应主题的文章前后两个主题在结构和用词上一般不会重复。(5)主题句(段)隐含在全文当中部分文章通常没有明显的主题句，隐约体现主旨指向，对此类文章就需要认真领会全文，然后对各段大意加以归纳和概括，得出文章的主旨。2抓主题词，确定最佳标题标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达方式。标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精炼的表达形式。如同选择文章的主题思想一样，标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。确定标题时既要避免概括

27、不全，以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替具体的大意；也要避免概括过度，即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥，导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。标题选择如同选帽子一样必须大小合适才行。另外，标题既要简洁、突出、新颖，还要具有醒目的特点，这样才能吸引读者。如例2。3领会意图，辨清写作目的每个文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是娱乐读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常不能明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类试题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上领会作者的意图。(2013湖南省五市十校高三联合检测)Bill Gates，the billionaire Microsoft chairman

28、without a single university degree，is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title：the MBA (Master of Business Administration)The MBA，a 20th century product，always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the treelined campuses ruled by pu

29、rer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates，about 79，000 people were expected to receive MBAs in 1993.This was nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.“If you are going into the corpora

30、te world，it is still a disadvantage not to have one，”said Donald Morrison，professor of marketing and management science.“But in the last five years or so，when someone says，Should I attempt to get an MBA？，the answer isIt depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other nonMBAs，such as the late Sam Walton

31、 of WalMart Stores Inc.，has helped inspire selfconscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.Harvard Business Review printed a lively，fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree article ca

32、lled MBA hires“extremely disappointing”and said “MBAs want to move up too fast，they dont understand politics and people，and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third by then，theyre out looking for other jobs.”The problem，most participants in the debate acknowledge，is that the M

33、BA has acquired an aura (气氛) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people.【语篇解读】工商管理硕士学位是否值得拥有？本文主要以世界商业巨头比尔盖茨和很

34、多成功人士都没有这一学位为例，对此提出质疑。1According to Paragraph 2，what is the general attitude towards the MBA on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?AEnvious.BRealistic.CScornful. DAppreciative.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed”可知，the MBA有着“低俗商业和贪婪”的评价，即对the MBA持轻蔑的态度，故C项正确。【答案】

35、C2It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees is fueled mainly by _Athe complaints from many employersBthe success of many nonMBAsCthe criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesDthe poor performance of MBAs at work【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The success of Bill Gates and other nonMBAs，suc

36、h as the late.has helped inspire selfconscious debates”可知B项正确。【答案】B3What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?AThey are usually selfcentered.BThey are aggressive and greedy.CThey keep complaining about their jobs.DThey are not good at dealing with politics an

37、d people.【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的“MBAs want to move up too fast，they dont understand politics and people，and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year.”可知，他们不理解政治和人际交往，不能处理好团队协作，故D项正确。【答案】D4From the passage we know that most MBAs _Acan climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly

38、Bquit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesCreceive salaries that do not match their professional trainingDcherish unrealistic expectations about their future【解析】推理推断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the MBA has acquired an aura(气氛)of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulnes

39、s.”可知D项正确。【答案】D5What is the passage mainly about?AWhy there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.BThe necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.CDoubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.DA debate held recently on university campus.【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是借商业巨头比尔盖茨的例子对是否应该拥有工

40、商管理硕士学位提出质疑，故C项正确。【答案】CB(2013湖南长沙二模)When I was about twelve，I headed to a restaurant for dinner with my was winter，and on that particular night，the wind was really my mom and I headed towards the restaurant from our car，a girl about my age and her mother came up to asked if we had any spare mom imme

41、diately asked where they kept their pointed to an old car in a parking across the girl said there were six of them living in that car，which was the same size as my own family.My mom said she had something to do after handing the people a few sent me inside the restaurant with my dad and my three she

42、 didnt come.Later，I found out she had gone home and practically emptied our cupboards into a few ，she brought that food over to the car and handed the bags to the wasnt there when that part happened，but I can only imagine the joy it brought to their faces.A few days later，when I actually found out a

43、bout what she had done，I asked her why she helped those told me that they were not remember the face of that girl who had asked us for change；she was the same age as me，yet we looked so different.Here I stood，dressed in almost new clothes，headed to dine in a restaurant and then back home to the bedr

44、oom I shared with my younger remember thinking that the girl didnt have any food to eat and that she was heading back to a cold car shared with five other people.After painting this picture in my mind，I understood why my mom had done what she will never forget what she did that night，and how she taught me one of the