中考英语主动语态和被动语态

1、中考英语主动语态和被动语态课件第1页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 What is the Passive Voice?第2页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.第3页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日We speak Engl

2、ish.主语谓语宾语English is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态第4页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studie

3、d by many students.(被动语态)第5页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s.第6页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日被动语态的用法:A note

4、was passed up to the speaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.第7页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 The Structure is助动词be+及物动词

5、的过去分词 (be+P.P.) 第8页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时： had been done一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe doneHe is re

6、garded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经

7、开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。第9页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was

8、given a nice present by my friend yesterday.第10页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.第11页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者They m

9、ake shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语. by them.第12页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.Th

10、e windows were broken by him. 第13页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is + 过去分词 People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)第14页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +

11、 过去分词4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 第15页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to + be + 过去

12、分词6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom第16页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日情态动词的被动语态：must/have to/can等 + be + 过去分词8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to fi

13、nish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time第17页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.第18页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日We call th

14、e snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.第19页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.第20页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：S+was/we

15、re +过去分词第21页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.第22页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/sho

16、uld + be+过去分词第23页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.第24页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.第25页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thoug

17、ht .“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.第26页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词第27页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going t

18、o be had tomorrow.第28页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词第29页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.第30页，共89页，2022年，5

19、月20日，5点19分，星期日We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词第31页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.第32页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日We had received many letters by t

20、he end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.第33页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They would have a party the next day.A party would be had (by them) the next day.第34页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The student

21、s clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌第35页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The tick

22、et was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .第36页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used第37页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点

23、19分，星期日7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第38页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) So

24、me wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us第39页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done第40页，共89页，2022年，5月2

25、0日，5点19分，星期日12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken第41页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this

26、school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them第42页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Answer right or wrong1.必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu X

27、un.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR第43页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日4.这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.

28、( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWR第44页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They a

29、re making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.第45页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日四几种值得注意的被动语态变化带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice第46页，共8

30、9页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 一些特殊结构的被动结构: （1）感觉动词(hear, see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.第47页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日思 考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the m

31、orning.She in the morning.is usually heard to sing English songs 第48页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.is made to work was let to go 口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see,

32、 watch)第49页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. 第50页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing footbal

33、l at that moment.hear / watch /.第51页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日三. 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或 间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom ha

34、s been given a book by Jack.第52页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是: 1. 将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。2. 将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.第53页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask

35、 bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.第54页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book.第55页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： We gave him some

36、books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 第56页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日注意:约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people

37、politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.第57页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日必背！动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after第58页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似

38、的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 第59页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belon

39、g to Mike.不用被动语态的几种情况：第60页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日不用被动语态的几种情况：2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态第61页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。The f

40、ish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第62页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。The book is sold out.第63页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点

41、19分，星期日这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.第64页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日知 识 运 用一、单项选择：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get r

42、eady for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up DD第65页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green

43、two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was givingDB第66页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 5. Mr. Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at D第67页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日二、

44、请把下面句子改为被动语态1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedwill be held by Beijing第68页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing ba

45、sketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen to play basketballEnglish is taught to us by Miss Deng第69页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful. should be made to b

46、ecome第70页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the computer c

47、lub.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.第71页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A. be

48、stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）was told第72页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点

49、19分，星期日4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市）变主动语态 _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考题） The vegetables _ _on

50、the farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown第73页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be writ

51、e by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB第74页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two

52、thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written第75页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日5

53、)Exercises:选择填空:Windows_ of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA第76页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is

54、 made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA第77页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日1.Our

55、 school _in 2012.(开办)2.The young trees must_well.(照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held第78页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期

56、日用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed第79页，共89页，20

57、22年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is made by people.3. Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4. They didnt visit the city two years ago. The c

58、ity wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?第80页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日 用适当的形式填空 1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( m

59、end) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees s

60、hould _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered第81页，共89页，2022年，5月20日，5点19分，星期日Multiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is fini