中英文中英文文献翻译-管理信息系统

1、 Management Information SystemIt is the MIS(Management Information System) that we constantly say that themanagement information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizesthat it changes into more and more significantly and more and more is universalized in thecontempora

2、ry community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped overseveral territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operationalresearch, statistic along with calculating machine scientific knowledge. Is living on these thebranches of learning base,

3、and takes shape that the message is gathered and the process means,thereby take shape the system that the crossbar mingles.1. The Management Information System Summary20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing development of whole world economy, numerouseconomists propose the fresh administration

4、theory one by one. Xi Men propose theadministration and was dependent on idea to message and decision of strategic importance in the50s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is admitted issuing cybernetics, and hethinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write

5、the lid: “ theadministration shall obtain without delay with the lower cost and exact message, completes thebetter control ”. This particular period, the calculating machine starts being used accountancywork. The data handling term has risen.In 1970, Walter T.Kennevan give administration that has ra

6、ised the only a short while agoinformation system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with thediscount, is living appropriately time to director, staff member along with the outside worldpersonnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting th

7、e approachingrelevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic decision”. Isliving in this definition to emphasize, yet does not emphasize using the pattern, and mention thecalculating machine application in the way of the message support decision of strategicimpor

8、tance.In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da universityadministration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information system relativelyintegrated definition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one usecalculating machine software

9、and hardware resources along with data bank man - the enginesystem. It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administrationor the decision making function”. Comprehensive directions of this definition managementinformation system target and meritorious service cap

10、acity and component, but also make knownthe management information system to be living the level that attains at that time.1.1 The Developing History of MISThe management information system is living the most primarily phase is counting thesystem, the substance which researched is the regular patter

11、n on face between the incremental data,it what may separate into the data being mutually related and more not being mutually relatedseries, afterwards act as the data conversion to message. The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the SABRE that theAmerican airline compan

12、y put up to in the 50s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank notesystem that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000traveler keep the minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively morecomplex, and is living whatever one “spot

13、 ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up someone flight numbers. Yet through approximately attending school up to say, it is only a data andreplaces the system, for instance it can not let know you with the bank note the selling velocitynow when the bank note shall be sell through, thereby

14、takes remedying the step. As a result it alsois administer information system rudimentary phase.The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into manufacture state speechand service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Itstype stands fo

15、r the production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instancemanufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporation that theIBM corporation is the largest on the world, in 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculatingmachine IBM360 and causes the

16、 calculating machine level lift a step, yet form that themanufacture administration work. Yet enormously complicatedly dissolve moreover, thecalculating machine overtakes 15000 difference components once more, in addition the plant ofIBM extends all over the American various places to every one comp

17、onents once more like worksan element, and the order of difference possess difference components and the difference element,and have to point out that what element what plant what installation gives birth to, hence notmerely giving birth to complexly, fitting, installation and transportation wholly

18、fully complex.Have to there be a manufacture status reports system that takes the calculating machine in order toguarantee being underway successfully of manufacture along with else segment as the base. Hencethe same ages IBM establish the systematic AAS of well-developed administration it be able t

19、ocarry on 450 professional work operations. In 1968, the corporation establishes the communalonce more and manufactures information system CMIS and runs and succeeds very much, the pastneeds 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3 weeks. It is the datahandling system that

20、the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is usedfor handles the everyday professional work to make known with manufacture , andstress restswith by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . Thedata handling system ordinarily

21、 can not supply decision of strategic importance message.Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the information systembeing used for supplementary making a strategic decision. That system may program and theanalysis scheme, and goes over key and the error solve a prob

22、lem. Its proper betterperson-machine dialogue means, may with not particularly the personnel staff who have anintimate knowledge of the calculating machine hold conversation. It ordinarily consists of somepattern so as to come into being decision of strategic importance message, yet emphasizecompreh

23、ensive administration meritorious service capacity.1.2 The Application of Management Information System The management information system is used to the most base work, like dump report form,calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up businessfinancial affairs ad

24、ministrations and inventory control and so on individual event operationalcontrol , this pertains to the electron data handling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . Whenestablish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attaindata sharing queen , the slave syst

25、em concept is start off , when the implementation the situationas a whole is made program and the design information system ,attained the administrationinformation system phase . In the wake of calculating machine technique progress and the demandadjust the system of people lift further, people emph

26、asize more furthermore administer theinformation system phase. Progress and people in the wake of the calculating machine techniquelift at the demand adjust the system further, people emphasize more furthermore to administer theinformation system whether back business higher level to lead makes a st

27、rategic decision thismeritorious service capacity, still more lay special emphasis on the gathering to the externalmessage of business and integrated data storehouse, model library , means storehouse and elseartificial intelligence means whether directly to decision of strategic importance person ,

28、this is thesupport system ( DDS ) mission making a strategic decision.There is the part application that few business start MIS inner place the limit of the world atthe early days of being living in the 70s 20 centuries. Up at the moment, MIS is living, and therebe the appropriate popularization rat

29、e in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that everyprofession reaches every department.1.3 The Direction of MIS DevelopmentClose 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations:A. Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized to est

30、ablishing MISssystem, and causing the administration technique head for the ageing.B. The message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MIS supplies themessage service in the interest of director at all times.C. Director causes such management program getting in touch with together

31、 with theconcrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. not merely big-and-middle-sized businessuniversally establish MIS some small-size business also not exceptions of self, universallyestablish the communal data network, like the electronic mail and electron data exchange and soon, MIS supp

32、lied the well support environment to the application of Intranets technique tospeedily developing of INTERNET especially in the past few years in the interest of the business.Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90s 20 centuries hadarisen some kinds of brand-new admini

33、stration technique.1. Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufacturing cost and technicalservice and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the processcompose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service

34、capacity integrationist, operationprocessization and organization form fluctuation. 2. Intelligentization Decision Support System (IDSS)The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was sufficientlyconsider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level

35、personnel staff.3. Lean Production (LP)Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project thatpicked amount is given birth to and so on the technique, the utmost product design cutting downand production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goo

36、ds to reserve, and isliving in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet the demand that clientcontinuously changes.4. Agile Manufacture (AM)One kind of business administration pattern that possess the vision, such distinguishingfeature is workers and staff members quality is high, and

37、 the organization simplifies and themulti-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requiresswiftly.2.The Effect To The Business Administration of MIS DevelopmentThe effect to the business administration of the management information system developmentis administere

38、d the change to business and business administration of information systemdevelopment and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with. Decisionof strategic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be assisted by theadministration information system, and its go

39、od or bad directly affects living and the developmentup the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration meansone another unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in thecalculation with the different mathematical model the pro

40、blem in the quantitative analysisbusiness.The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite theadministration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in theinterest of the administration.In the wake of the development of MIS, much bus

41、iness sit up the decentralized messageconcentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chiefof information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant managers grade. After theauthority of business is centralized up high-quality administra

42、tion personnel staffs hand, as ifcausing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer managementshall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among theinformation system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increas

43、e a bit.This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate outthrough loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researchingwork in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importancelevel. In

44、 the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand ofhigh technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually.This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuouslylifts individuals quality. In the wake of the

45、news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development,business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Havingcaused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously movesupward American Rank Zeros corporation the of

46、fice system on the net, in the interest of thecreativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term.At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developedmanufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely onthe b

47、asis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on thelarge-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flowwas shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinerywith to the res

48、ources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affricationsystem, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with.Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependencerelation against consumer, and is abl

49、e to arouse the structure of production once more revolution.The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learningorientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better.Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is

50、encircles the magic drug togovern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many isdependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each otherto comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living i

51、n developmentand the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better developmentagainst MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 管理信息系统管理信息系统就是我们常说的 MIS(Management Information System),它立足于强调管理，强调信息社会中信息变得越来越重要。MIS 是一门新的学科，它跨越了许多个领域，例如管理科学、系

52、统科学、运筹学、统计学以及计算机科学。在这些学科的基础上，它通过信息收集和加工的方法定形，从而形成一个纵横交织的系统。1管理信息系统概述在 20 世纪，随着全球经济的高速发展，众多经济学家接连提出了新的管理理论。20 世纪 50 年代，西蒙提出了管理要依赖于信息和决策的思想。同时期的维娜发表了控制论，他认为管理是一个控制过程。1958 年，盖尔写到：“管理将是通过较低的成本得到及时的、准确的信息来做到较好的控制。”这个时期，计算机开始被用于会计工作。数据处理一词也已经出现。在 1970 年 ，Walter T.Kennevan给出现不久的管理信息系统一词下了一个定义：“通过书面的形式，在合适的

53、时间向经理、职员以及外界人员提供过去的、现在的、预测未来的与企业内部及其环境相关的信息，以帮助他们进行正确决策。”在这个定义里强调了通过信息支持决策的重要性，但并没有强调应用模型，也没有提到计算机的应用。在 1985 年，管理信息系统的创始人，明尼苏达大学的管理学教授Gordon B.Davis 给了管理信息系统一个相对完整的定义，即“管理信息系统是一个利用计算机软硬件资源以及数据库的人-机系统。它能提供信息来支持企业或组织的运行、管理和决策功能。”这个定义全面的说明了管理信息系统的目标、功能和组成，而且了解了管理信息系统在当时达到的水平。1.1 管理信息系统的发展历史管理信息系统在初级阶段是

54、作为统计系统，所研究的内容是在表面的数量数据的规律，它可以将数据分成较相关和较不相关的组，然后把数据转换为信息。第二阶段是数据更新系统，其典型代表是美国航空公司于20 世纪50 年代建成的SABRE预约订票系统。它拥有 1008 个订票点，可以存取 600000 个旅客记录和 27000 个飞行段记录。它的操作比较复杂，在任何“点”你都可以查到某一航班是否有空座位。但从概念上来讲，它只是一个数据更新系统，比如它不能让你知道以现在的售票速度何时票将售完，从而采取措施来解决。因而它也是管理信息系统的低级阶段。第三阶段是状态报告系统，它可以分成生产状况报告、服务状态报告和研究状态报告等系统。比如生产

55、状况报告系统，它的代表是 IBM 公司的生产管理系统。众所周知，IBM 公司是世界上最大的计算机公司，1964 年中型计算机 IBM360 诞生，这使计算机的水平提高了一个台阶，但同时生产的管理工作却大大复杂化了，一台计算机有超过 15000 个不同的部件，每个部件又有若干个元件，此外 IBM 的工厂遍及美国各地，不同的订货需要不同的部件和不同的元件，还必须指出是什么工厂什么设备生产什么元件，因此不光光生产复杂，连装配、安装和运输都十分复杂。为了保证生产以及其他环节的顺利进行，必须要有一个以计算机为基础的生产状态报告系统。因此同年 IBM 建立了先进的管理系统 AAS，它能进行 450个业务的

56、操作。1968 年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系统CMIS，它运行很成功，过去需要15 周的工作，在该系统下只需用 3 周就可以完成。状态报告系统还有一种形式是数据处理系统，它用来处理日常业务和了解生产，重点在于将手工作业自动化，提高效率的同时节省 人力。数据处理系统一般不能提供重要的决策信息。最后的阶段是决策支持系统，它是用来辅助决策的信息系统。该系统可以计划、分析主题，审查解答和求解的误差。它应有较好的人-机对话方式，可以和不怎么熟悉计算机知识的人员通话。它一般包括一些模型用以产生决策重要信息，但不强调全面的管理功能。1.2 管理信息系统的应用管理信息系统起初应用于最基础的工作，如打印报表、计算工资、人事