广东省深圳市中考英语总复习 第三章 代词讲义

1、第三章 代 词考点一：人称代词考点二：物主代词考点三：反身代词考点四：指示代词考点五：疑问代词考点六：不定代词考点一：人称代词1. 人称代词的分类人称和数主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehimsheheritit复数theythem考点一：人称代词2. 人称代词的主格和宾格的区别 人称代词的主格通常放在动词的前面作句子的主语。 人称代词的宾格通常放在动词或介词的后面作句子的宾语。如：He was born in the countryside. Jack wrote to her last week.考点一：人称代词3. 人称代词并

2、列作主语时的顺序单数形式：you，he，I （二三一）复数形式：we，you，they （一二三）如：You, he and I will attend the meeting.We, you and they are all engineers.即学即练根据括号里的汉语提示完成句子。1. _ am not good at English. Can you help _? （我）2. _ is so kind that we all like _.（他）3.Would you like to go with _? （他们）4.Who will take _ to the zoo? （她）Ime

3、Hehimthemher考点二：物主代词1. 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。数和人称形容词性名词性单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs考点二：物主代词2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别 形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。名词性物主代词起着名词的作用，后面不能接名词。如：Their classroom is on the second floor.Her shoes are different f

4、rom mine.注意：双重所有格的结构是“名词+of+名词性物主代词 / 名词所有格”。如：The girl is a cousin of his.=The girl is one of his cousins. This is a photo of my fathers.=This is one of my fathers photos. 即学即练用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (1)This is _ (I) mobile phone,and that is _ (you). (2) _ (they) school is much bigger than _(we).2. (1)T

5、om is a friend of _(she). = Tom is one of _ (she) friends. (2)This is a book of his _ (teacher). = This is one of his _ (teacher) books.myyoursTheirourshersherteachersteachers考点三：反身代词1. 反身代词的单复数形式数和人称反身代词单数第一人称myself第二人称yourself第三人称himselfherselfitself复数第一人称ourselves第二人称yourselves第三人称themselves考点三：反

6、身代词2.反身代词的用法(1)作宾语,位于及物动词或介词之后。 如：The boy can take care of himself.(2)作主语或宾语的同位语,用于加强语气,放在主语后或句尾。 如：He himself did the cleaning. = He did the cleaning himself. 注意：反身代词不作定语,常用ones own表示“某人自己的”。 如：I think that I should have my own shop. 考点三：反身代词(3)反身代词常用短语。如： teach oneself / learn by oneself 自学 by one

7、self 独自 即学即练用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Little Tom fell off the bike, and he hurt _ (he).2.If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _ (we).3. How does your aunt learn to play the guitar? By _ (she).4.“Help _ (you) to the fruit!” I said to the twins.5.Yesterday, I saw they enjoy

8、ed _ (they) in the park.6.The work _ (it) is easy.himselfourselvesherselfyourselvesthemselvesitself考点四：指示代词1. 作主语、宾语、表语。 如：This is a fan, and that is an air conditioner.2. 在电话中，用this (我)表示本人，用that (你)表示对方。 如：Hello! This is Jenny (speaking). Whos that? 单数复数指近处thisthese指远处thatthose考点四：指示代词3. that和thos

9、e常用于表示对双方作比较的句子中,代替前文提到的名词，以避免重复。that代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；those代替前面提到的复数名词。 如：The weather in Beijing is as cold as that in Qingdao in winter. The population of China is larger than that of Japan. The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop. 即学即练用this，that，these或those填空。1. Hello, _

10、is Tom. Who is _ speaking?2. The price of meat is higher than _ of rice.3. The lights in your room are as bright as _ in mine.thatthatthisthose考点五：疑问代词1. 疑问代词的用法(1)who（谁）作主语 如：Who is talking there?作宾语（不能位于介词后） 如：Who were you talking with just now? 作表语 如：Who is the boy under the tree? 考点五：疑问代词1. 疑问代词

11、的用法(2) whom（谁）只作宾语 如：With whom did you go? (3) whose（谁的）作主语 如：They are both good at Physics, but whose is better? 作宾语 如：Whose did you borrow, Jims or Toms? 作表语 如：Whose dictionary is this? 作定语 如：Whose T-shirt is blue? 考点五：疑问代词1. 疑问代词的用法(4)which（哪个）作主语 如：Which is your favourite, spring, summer or autu

12、mn? 作宾语 如：Which will you choose in the end? 作定语如：Which city will you go? 考点五：疑问代词1. 疑问代词的用法(5)what（什么）作主语 如：What makes him cry? 作宾语 如：What do you usually do at weekends? 作表语（用于询问职业） 如：What is your father? = What does your father do? 作定语 如：What subject will you learn? 考点五：疑问代词2. what与which 的区别 what 指

13、不定数目中的“什么”,没有一定范围内的限定； which 指“哪一个,哪一些”,在一定范围内特指人或物。 如：Which skirt do you prefer, this one or that one? 3. who与what在口语中的用法区别 如：Who is he? What is he? 即学即练用what, which, who, whom或whose填空。1. _ is your mother? She is a teacher.2. _ is the woman under the tree? She is my English teacher.3. _ did you wan

14、t to say?4. _ did he want, apples, pears or oranges?5. _ did you go to?6. _ book is this?7. To _ did you talk just now?WhatWhoWhatWhichWho / WhomWhosewhom考点六：不定代词不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。1. 普通不定代词 some，any，both，all，another，other，each，either，neither，none，one，a few，few，a little，little，many，much 等1. 普通不定代词常

15、见普通不定代词的用法辨析(1) one和itone与所替代的名词是“同名异物”。 如：My eraser is lost. I need to buy a new one. it指的就是原来的事物,是“同名同物”。 如：I bought a new eraser, and I gave it to Mike. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(2)some和anysome用于肯定句及表示建议、反问、请求的疑问句中,期望得到肯定回答。 如：Ms Green really gives us some useful advice. Would you like some tea? any

16、用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 如：I dont have any good suggestions. If you have any questions, you may ask Joe. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(3)each和everyeach后面可加of，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 如：Each of them has a ticket. They each have their own tickets. every只能作定语。 如：Every student has a ticket. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(4)many和m

17、uchmany修饰或替代复数可数名词。 如：Not many films are made in Finland. much修饰或替代不可数名词。 如：He has much homework to do. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(5)both和allboth意为“两者都”，表示复数。 如：Both of my parents are keen on sports. all表示三者或以上的“都”。 如：All of the students have got their books. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(6)either和anyeither意为“

18、二选一”，表示单数；“either or ”意为“或者或者” 如：There are flowers on either side of the road. any表示三者或以上的“任一”。 如：You dont know any of my friends. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(7) neither和noneneither意为“两者都不”,表示单数；“neither nor ”意为“既不也不” 如：Neither you nor she is able to speak French. none表示三者或以上“都不”。 如：None of us likes comi

19、c books. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(8)a few, few, a little和littlea few：有几个，修饰或替代可数名词复数。 如：Ill go to buy a few books. few：几乎没有 (否定含义)修饰或替代复数名词。 如：He has few friends here. a little：有一点，修饰或替代不可数名词。 如：Mary can speak a little Russian. little：几乎没有 (否定含义)修饰或替代不可数名词。 如：There is little milk in the fridge,is ther

20、e? 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(9)another，other，the other，others和the othersanother泛指范围内的“另外一个”。 如：This T-shirt is too large for me. Can you show me another one? other泛指范围内的“其他”，后面接复数名词，不单独使用。 如：Some students are cleaning the windows. Other students are sweeping the floor. 1. 普通不定代词常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(9)another，

21、other，the other，others和the othersthe other特指某范围内剩下的全体。 如：The old man has two sons. One is in America and the other is in Canada. others = other + 复数名词 如：Some students are cleaning the windows. Others are sweeping the floor. the others = the other + 复数名词 如：In our class only Tom is Korean. The others

22、are Chinese. 2. 复合不定代词somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody 没有人everybody 每人someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 没有人everyone 每人something 某物anything 任何事nothing 没有东西everything 每一件事考点六：不定代词考点六：不定代词2. 复合不定代词(1)一般情况下，由some构成的复合不定代词用在肯定句中； 由any构成的复合不定代词用在疑问句和否定句; 由no构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义。 如：He said nothing. = He didnt say anything

23、.(2)不定代词作主语时当作单数使用。 如：Something is wrong with her watch.(3)形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。 如：Is there anything interesting to tell me? 即学即练一、选择适当的不定代词填空。 Your dress looks beautiful. Where did you buy _? In Shanghai. I can buy _ for you. (one / it)2. She often feels lonely because she has _ friends. (a few / few / a

24、little / little)3. There is _ water in the bottle, is there? (a little / little)4.I feel _ tired. (a little / little)5.Are there _ ladies in the audience? (some / any)6.Would you like _ water? (some / any)itonefewlittlea littleanysome考点六即学即练7. Which do you prefer, cola or coffee? _ (Both / All) are OK. / _ (Either / Neither). I want a cup of tea.8. Lucy and Lily are _ from America. (both / all)9. Lucy, Lily and Tom are _ (both / all) from America. And _ (neither / none) of them know(s) Chinese.10. There are many trees on _ sides of the road. (either / both)11. T