2023年统考版高考英语总复习考点限时提分练(三十八)选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

1、限时提分练（三十八）选修 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions限时40分钟I .阅读理解A2022武汉市三月质量检测A 15-year-old Colorado high school student and young scientist who has used artificial intelligence （AI） and created apps to address polluted drinking water and other social problems has been named Time magazines first-ever Kid o

2、f the Year”.Rao told The Associated Press in an interview from her home that the prize is nothing that I could have ever imagined. And Fm so grateful and just so excited that were really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation, since the future is in our hands.”Time said Rao stoo

3、d out for creating a global community of young innovators and inspiring them to pursue their goals. Rao insisted that starting out small doesnt matter, as long as youre passionate about it.She told Time contributing editor Angelina Jolie in an interview that her science pursuits started early as a w

4、ay to improve social conditions. The drinking water crisis in Flint, Michigan, inspired her to develop a way to detect pollutants and send those results to a mobile phone, she said.“I was like 10 when I told my parents that I wanted to research carbon nanotube （纳米管）sensor technology at the Denver Wa

5、ter quality research lab, and my mum was like, A what? Rao told Jolie. She said that work “is going to be in our generations hands pretty soon. So if no one else is gonna do it, Im gonna do it.”In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged, Rao insisted that its pursuit is an act

6、 of kindness, the best way that a younger generation can better the world.“We have science in everything were involved in, and I think that*s the biggest thing to put out there, that science is cool, innovating is cool, and anybody can be an innovator, “ Rao said. Anybody can do science.What did Rao

7、 think of the award she received?It was a mark of social progress.It was a recognition of her work.It was an inspiration to the youth.It was a title beyond her expectation.Why would Rao start to pursue science?A. To encourage people to aim high.B , To pursue her passion for research.To change the so

8、ciety for the better.To stop science from being questioned. Which word can best describe Rao?A. Cool.B. Kind.C. Independent.D. Creative. Whafs the purpose of the text?To report a young genius.To introduce new inventions.To improve social conditions.To present artificial intelligence.B2022成都市第三次诊断New

9、 research added brain degradation such as Alzheimers disease （阿尔茨海默氏 病）to the growing list of effects of fine particles （微粒）.A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimefs disease and related diseases rose

10、by 13 percent with every 5-microgram （per cubic meter of air） increase in annual concentrations of PM 2.5. Such particles are produced mainly during the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. The risk remained high even when concentrations were below 12 micrograms per cubic meter of air,

11、a level the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency currently considers safe.“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even when PM 2.5 concentrations are well below the current national sta

12、ndards, “ said Xiao Wu, a doctoral student in Harvard.Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results showed that the current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population, highlighting the need for stricter standardsand policies that help fur

13、ther reduce PM 2.5 concentrations and improve air quality overall.Women and urban populations, particularly those in the northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed. The researchers figured that the increasing effects on urban populations might be due to the u abundance of metal-bearin

14、g particles in the urban atmosphere, which have very small size and can access the brain directly” . They owed the increased risk to women to longer life, which meant the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimers disease was higher in men.5 . What can we learn about the new

15、 research in Paragraph 1 ? A.It proved PM 2.5 was caused by fossil fuels.B It aimed at improving the elders* brain health.It showed Alzheimefs disease was linked to air pollution.It focused on the effect of PM 2.5 on the environment.What is the researchers attitude towards the current U S. PM 2.5 na

16、tional standards?A. Supportive.B. Disapproving.C. Cautious.D. Ambiguous.Why do women have higher risk of brain health problems?A.Because they mainly live in cities.Because they are in much worse condition.Because they are affected by PM 2.5 more easily.Because they live longer than men.8 . What*s th

17、e purpose of the text?A. To present findings of new research.B To call on us to protect the environment.C. To analyze various reasons for Alzheimers disease. D. To draw our attention to the elders health.n .完形填空2022成都市高中毕业班诊断Menninger took the hard way to climb Qomolangma一the worlds tallest peak. hi

18、ke it up, he decided to climb as a non-native Qomolangma porter （搬运工），which meant 2 packs weighing up to 220 pounds along rough, high altitude trails （小路）.Menninger came up with such a（n） 3 after spending a season as a guide in Nepal, and becoming 4 by life of these porters. My goal was to have the

19、same experience,he explains.The physical and emotional 5 of the job is laid 6 as Menninger is filmed struggling with a pack consisting of multiple bags tied together, trying to sleep at night in crowded freezing porter houses.A typical day 8 waking up at around 7 ： 30 am and going to the clients hot

20、el to 9 their bags and beginning to trek （长途跋步）.Porters have to 10 for their own accommodation during treks. Some even regularly go without 11 to keep costs down. As they aren*t 12 until the last day, they have no idea whether the trek has been economically worthwhile until they*ve 13 it.Life is nev

21、er 14 for them. Last years climbing season was one of Qomolangmas deadliest climbing seasons, largely 15 difficult weather conditions, and lack of experience. 16 the problems is a lack of communication between the porters and their mostly wealthy clients.With his film shot during this tough trek, Me

22、nninger wishes more were 17 of how much porters rely18, my film18, my filmon their low salaries, and how much they contribute to the overall Qomolangma experience. could encourage those porters by 19 what theyre able to 20 and how hard they work.vc.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.c.c.c.C.C.A.Other than Rather than

23、A.carrying mailing A. approach suggestion A.pleased fascinated A.payment enjoymentA.uncovereduntouched A.but while A.takes indicates A. search deliverA.fight workA.mealsD.D.B. Simply D. Directly B preparing wrapping B. conclusion D ideaB . bored D. disappointedB price D. courageD.B messy understanda

24、bleB. orandB. involvesD. requiresB. collectD repairB. askD.paymoneyA.dismissedD.tipped A.climbed reachedA.easy encouragingD.D.A.focusing onC.C.C.B. permission limitB praised satisfieddepending on A.Responding toGetting rid ofA.awarewarnedD.B experienced completed B - challengingD - toughB. owing toD

25、. leading to）B. Bringing aboutD.B.sureAdding to informedA.JoyfullyB. UnfortunatelyC. Generally D. HopefullyA.examiningB. claimingC. showing D. announcingA.understandB. bearC. complain D. imaginem.短文改错2022西安高三第一学期检测试题Last Saturday witnessed an impressive marathon race what nearly drew the attention o

26、f every student and teacher in our school. The students selecting from every class took an part in the competition. The route, measures about five kilometers, were from our school gate to the Science Museum. All the runners tried our best to finish the task, their classmates along the way giving the

27、m necessarily help as well as encouragement. At last, every runner managed to reach the finish line, receiving cheers from all the direction. The activity was highly spoken, because not only did it provided a chance for us to exercise, but also made us more united.限时提分练(三十八)I .阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自

28、我人物故事年度儿童【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一名15岁的科罗拉多州高中生Rao利用人工智能开发出应用程序来解 决一些社会问题，她被时代杂志评为有史以来首位“年度儿童”。.答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“nothing that I could have ever imagined”可知，Rao认为这个奖项是她无法想象的东西，显然Rao认为这个奖项出乎她的意料(beyond her expectation)o 故正确答案为 D。.答案与解析：C 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第四段中的“She told 77me contributing editor Angel

29、ina Jolie in an interview that her science pursuits started early as a way to improve social conditions”可知， Rao在接受时代杂志撰稿编辑Angelina Jolie采访时说，她早期的科学追求就是为了改善社会状况。显 然Rao的目的是“让社会变得更好”。选项C中的“change the society for the better”和文章中的improve social conditions表达的意思一致。故正确答案为Co.答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据题干“用哪个词可以最好地描述Ra

30、o”可知，显然我们要 用具体事实来推断出Rao的性格。根据文章第一段中的created apps to address polluted drinking water and other social problems”以及最后一段中的 “that science is cool, innovating is cool, and anybody can be an innovator”可以推断出，Rao是一个有创造力的孩子。故正确答案为D。.答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章的内容可知，文章主要讲述了一名15岁 的科罗拉多州高中生Rao,她用人工智能开发出应用程序来解决一些社会

31、问题，她被时代杂志评为有史 以来首位“年度儿童”。故A项”报道一位年轻的天才”正确。B语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会研究发现PM 2.5浓度对人体健康的影响【语篇解读】研究说明，大气中PM2.5浓度越高，那么患上阿尔茨海默氏病和相关疾病的人数便会随之增加。城市大气中含有大量的金属微粒，它们非常小，可以直接进入大脑，对人体造成不良影响。.答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。根据第一段第二句可知，一项针对美国6 300万名65岁以上成 年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，PM2.5年浓度每增加5微克（每立方米空气），首次因阿尔茨海默氏 病和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了 13%。据此可以判断，阿

32、尔茨海默氏病和空气污染有关，故C项正确。.答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。通读第三段可知，新的研究结果显示，目前的美国法规缺乏以 保护老龄化的美国人口，这强调了对更严格的标准和政策的需求，以帮助进一步降低PM2.5浓度，整体改 善空气质量。再结合第一段最后一句和第二段内容也可以判断，研究者对当前美国PM2.5的国家标准是不 赞同的，故B项正确。.答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据尾段尾句中的“They owed the increased risk to women to longer life”可知，女性患病风险增加的原因是其寿命较长，故D项正确。.答案与解析：A 考查理解目的的能力

33、。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究的结果：大气 中PM2.5浓度越高，那么患上阿尔茨海默氏病和相关疾病的人数便会随之增加。此外，女性和居住在城市里 的人患病风险较高。故A项正确。II.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会职业珠穆朗玛峰搬运工【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了 Menninger在尼泊尔当了一季导游之后，想去体验珠穆朗玛峰搬运工的 工作。通过感受、拍摄搬运工的工作情况，Menninger希望能让更多人意识到搬运工工作的艰辛以及他们对 游客体验所做的巨大贡献，并给搬运工带去一些鼓舞。.答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据下文中的uhe decided to climb as a

34、 non-native Qomolangma porter（搬运工）”可知，Menninger没有去登山而是决定像当地的搬运工一样上去。.答案与解析：A 考查常识推断。根据常识可知，搬运工是把行李扛上山顶的人。.答案与解析：D 考查逻辑推断。结合语境可知，Menninger在尼泊尔当了一季导游之后想出了这个 主意。.答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据下文中的“My goal was to have the same experience”可知， Menninger在尼泊尔当导游的时候对搬运工的生活极感兴趣，也想尝试同样的事情。.答案与解析：B 考查语境和常识推断。根据下文中的“as Menni

35、nger is Aimed struggling with a pack consisting of multiple bags tied together”和常识可知，这份工作的身体上的和情感上的代价在镜头下展现出来 To.答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。参见上题解析。uncovered 暴露的，无覆盖的”。.答案与解析：D考查逻辑推断。空前描述的扛着由很多系在一起的包组成的大背包登山和空后描 述的在拥挤的冰冷的搬运工房子睡觉为并列关系，应选and。.答案与解析：B 考查语境推断。下文讲到的都是搬运工的日常，故involve “包含”符合语境。.答案与解析：B考查常识推断。根据常识可知，搬运工

36、会去顾客的旅馆收集其行李。.答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据后面的两句话可知，搬运工在长途跋涉中得自己付住宿费。.答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据空后的“to keep costs down”并结合选项可知，为了省钱，搬 运工有时候会不吃饭。.答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据下文中的they have no idea whether the trek has been economically worthwhile”可知，直到最后一天搬运工才会得到小费。.答案与解析：D 考查语境推断。根据上文中的“As they arent 12 until the last day”可知,等 到搬运工做完最后一天的工作他们才知道自己的工作