动词时态现在完成时态

1、动词时态现在完成时态现在完成时态高考链接(2000北京) All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start.A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed(2002全国) I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt writeC. wont write D. hadnt written高考

2、链接(2004广西) -The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned(2004福建) She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reachedC. are reaching D. had reached高考链接(2004江苏) More patients _

3、in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treated(2005北京) I cant see any coffee in the cupboard. _?A. Has it all been finished B. was it all finishedC. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish高考链接(2005重庆) Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a

4、 storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been causeC. will be caused D. will have been caused(2005广东) Yeas ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing高考链接(2005湖北

5、) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding B. have decidedC. decided D. will decide(2007上海) With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _ in the past years.A. discovered B. have discoveredC. h

6、ad been discovered D. have been discovered练习归纳Please translate他已把灯关了。He has turned off the light.音乐会已经开场了。The concert has started.我看过那部电影了。I have already seen the film.现在完成时的 完成用法 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已完毕，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 完成用法 练习归纳他已把灯关了。He has turned off the light.音乐会已经开场了。The concert has starte

7、d.我看过那部电影了。I have already seen the film.( 动作完毕于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 - 灯现在不亮了。 ) ( 动作完毕于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 音乐会现在在演。 ) ( 动作完毕于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 我现在知道这部电影。) 练习归纳如：already, yet, just, before, recently 等 频度时间状语 never, ever, once 等 this morning / month / year. ， today 等 完成用法 动作不延续只能与表示不定的过去时间状语连用如： Have you found your pe

8、n yet ？ 你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ I have spent all of my money so far. 到目前为止我已经花光了所有的钱。练习归纳Please translate自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。He has lived here since 1978. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 现在完成时的 “ 未完成用法 指的是动作开场于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。“ 未完成用法 练习归纳自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。He has lived here

9、 since 1978. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。动作开场于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。练习归纳如： since then、for+一段时间、lately、recently、 in the last/past few days up to now ， so far 到目前为止 等“未完成用法 动作延续与表示一段时间的状语连用或与表示现在时刻相连的时间状语连用例如： Detectives are so 到目前为止，他写了8本

10、书。练习归纳未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词如： come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die 等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即完毕。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如 ： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have

11、, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。其完成时态可与表示 段时间 的状语连用I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 延续性动词的用法特征It rained at eight yesterday morning.( 误) It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.( 正 ) 如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助 come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。不能与表示短暂时间的 点时间 状语连用。可用来表示某一

12、动作完成。The train has arrived. 火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你参加电脑小组了吗？ 终止性动词的用法特征 他死了三年了。 误： He has died for three years.正： He has been dead for three years. 正 ： He died three years ago.正 ： It is three years since he died. 正 ： Three years has passed since he died.不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 ( 只限肯定式 ) 。终

13、止性动词，不能与表示 段时间 的状语连用。可以改用下面的四种方法表达：(a) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。例： leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold 。(b) 将句中表示 “ 段时间 的状语改

14、为表示过去确定时间的状语。(c) 用句型 It is+ 段时间 +since. 表达。(d) 用句型 时间 +has passed+since. 表达。 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否认式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 终止性动词的否认式与 until/till 连用，构成 not+ 终止性动词 +until/till . 的句型，意为 直到 才 。You cant leave here until I arrive. I

15、 will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于 while 引导的时间状语从句中。 When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. 终止性动词完成时不可与 how long 连用 ( 只限于肯定式 ) 。误： How long have you come here? 正： How long have y

16、ou been here?正： When did you come here? 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在 产生的影响。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 ) 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。现在完成

17、时与一般过去时的区别 Have you seen the film?-(A) Did you see the film?-(B)(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； (B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并 不强调是否知道其内容。你看过这部电影吗？ 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.-(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.-(B)(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。 (B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。他在北京住了 8 年。1

18、. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B. spoke, have forgotten C. had spoken, had forgotten D. had spoken, have forgotten 稳固练习2. I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just

19、helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 稳固练习3.-_ the sports meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 稳固练习4. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 稳固练习5. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. hav