人教选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 核心素养提能练

1、核心素养提能练【“阅读理解+完形填空”组合练I阅读理解“In1492Columbussailedtheoceanblueishowthechildrensnurseryrhymebegins.However,morethan90yearsbeforetheNina,thePintaandtheSantaMaria,ahugefleetofshipssetsailfromNanjing.Itwasthefirstofaseriesofvoyagesthatwould,forabriefperiod,establishChinaastheleadingpoweroftheage.Thevoyage

2、wasledbyZhengHe.Infact,somepeoplethinkhewastheoriginalmodelforthelegendarySinbadtheSailor.In1371,ZhengHewasborninwhatisnowYunnanProvincetoMuslimparents,whonamedhimMaSanbao.Whenhewas11yearsold,hewascastratedandmadetoserveasaeunuch（宦官）intheimperialhousehold.MabefriendedaprincewholaterbecametheYongLeEm

3、peror,oneoftheMingDynastysmostdistinguished.Brave,strong,intelligentandtotallyloyal,Mawonthetrustoftheprincewhogavehimanewname.YongLewasanambitiousemperorwhobelievedthatChinasgreatnesswouldbeincreasedwithan“opendoorpolicyregardinginternationaltradeanddiplomacy.In1405,heorderedChineseshipstosailtothe

4、IndianOcean,andputZhengHeinchargeofthevoyage.Zhengwentontoleadsevenexpeditionsin28years,visitingmorethan40countries.Zhengsfleethadmorethan300shipsand30,000sailors.Thelargestvessels,133meterlong“treasureships,haduptoninemastsandcouldcarryathousandpeople.AlongwithaHanandMuslimcrew,Zhengopeneduptradero

5、utesinAfrica,India,andSoutheastAsia.ThevoyageshelpedexpandforeigninterestinChinesegoodssuchassilkandchina.Inaddition,ZhengHebroughtforeignitemsbacktoChina,includingthefirstgiraffeeverseenthere.Atthesametime,thefleetsobviousstrengthmeantthattheEmperorofChinacommandedrespectandinspiredfearalloverAsia.

6、ThoughZhengHediedin1433andwasprobablyburiedatsea,agraveandsmallmonumenttohimstillexistinJiangsuProvince.ThreeyearsafterZhengHesdeath,anewemperorbannedtheconstructionofoceangoingships,andChinasbrieferaofnavalexpansionwasover.Chinesepolicyturnedinward,leavingtheseasclearfortherisingnationsofEurope.Opi

7、nionsvaryonwhythishappened.RecordsofZhengHesincrediblevoyageswereburned.Notuntiltheearly20thcenturydidanotherfleetofcomparablesizetaketotheseas.语篇解读本文为记叙文，讲述了中国明朝郑和于公元1405年率领庞大的船队远航西洋的故事c1.WhydidZhengHesailtotheocean?AZhengHebefriendedtheYongLeEmperorandwonhistrust.BTheemperortriedtoincreaseChinasgr

8、eatnessbyan“opendoor”policy.CThevoyageshelpedexpandforeigninterestinChinesegoods.DZhengHewantedtopromotecultureandreligiousvisitswithforeigncountries.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，永乐皇帝相信通过国际贸易及外交上的“门户开放”政策，中国会在世界上享有更高的声望。C项是远航的结果，不是原因，故选B项。2WhatsthesignificanceofZhengHessevenvoyages?ATheyestablishedChinaa

9、stheleadingpowerfromthenon.BTheyspreaddiplomacy，establishedtraderoutesandreturnedwithtreasureandforeignitemsneverseenbeforeinChina.CTheyprovidedpathwaysforreligiouscommunicationbetweenHanandMuslimcrew.DTheyspeededuptheprocessofimperialreformofMingDynasty.答案B解析细节理解题。通读全文可知，郑和的七次航海传播了外交政策，开拓了贸易路线，同时收获

10、了财富和外国的珍奇宝物，故选B项。根据第一段可知，这一连串的海上航行只是在短时间内为中国确立了大国的领先地位，故排除A项。3AfterthedeathofZhengHe，whydidMingDynastystopoceangoingvoyage?ABecausethesuccessiveemperorbannedtheconstructionofoceangoingships.BBecausethepeopleofMingDynastyfeareddoingbusinesswithotherrisingnationsofEurope.CBecausetheimperialpolicyturne

11、dinward.DNoreasonhadbeenassignedinthispassage.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，郑和死后，明朝停止了远洋航行，中国的政策为何会发生这样的转变，一直众说纷纭，文章也没有进一步讲明，故选D项。II完形填空Onewinternineyearsago，IvolunteeredatahomelessshelterinLosAngeles，preparingmeals1people.ThereImetAlbert,whosaidhelikedmy2.“Wanttoseemine?heasked,liftinghis3.Hewasbarefoot.Hesa

12、idhehadalwaysbeenhopingtogetapair.Ifelta4_feelinginmystomach.Thenextday,Iboughtsocksabout$1005.At5oclockthatnextmorning,Idrovetothelocalpark,acommondestinationfor6people.Itwasstill7out.Itookoutthesocksand8agroupofmen,standingaroundatree,9withcold.WhenIhandedeachofthemapairofsocks,theylookedconfusedf

13、irst,questioningmymotives,10tookthem.Anhourlater,I11allthesocks.MostpeopleweresleepingfeltlikeSanta.Whentheywouldwakeup,theywouldfindaverymeaningful12.EveryweekIllhandoutmanysocks.IfImawayfor13aweek,Illbringsockswithmeandhandthemouttothehomelessinotherstates.Inthepastyears,itsbecomemy14.Itsaddictive

14、,Isuppose.PartofmehopestoseeAlbertoutthere,but15Idont,Idliketothinkoneofthepairswillfindhim.语篇解读本文讲述了在某次志愿者活动中，作者和一位受助者的偶然对话让作者坚持做了九年的好事并且还将继续下去：给无家可归的人赠送袜子。1A.forBwithCtoDat答案A解析此处指作者为无家可归的人准备食物。prepare意为“准备”，常与for搭配。故选A。2A.carBmealsCsocksDhelp答案C解析根据下文多次提到的“socks”可知，此处指的应是袜子。故选C。3A.legBarmChandDhe

15、ad答案A解析根据下文可知，艾伯特是光着脚的，故此处表达的应该是抬起腿（给我看）”。故选A。4A.magicalBsinkingCcomfortingDsurprising答案B解析根据语境可知，听到艾伯特所说的话，作者的心情应该是沉重的，也因此才有了之后的善举。magical神奇的，有魔力的；sinking沮丧的；comforting令人感到安慰的；surprising令人惊奇的。故选B。5A.moneyBworthCvalueDworthy答案B解析此处表达的是作者买了价值约100美元的袜子。worth意为“值的（形容词），价值（名词）”。故选B。6A.mercilessBsleeples

16、sC.morethanD.ratherthanC.joblessD.homeless答案D解析merciless毫不怜悯的，无情的；sleepless失眠的；jobless失业的；homeless无家可归的。根据上下文可知，此处应指作者去给那些在公园里过夜的无家可归的人送袜子。故选DoA.darkB.rainyC.quietD.windy答案A解析上文说到作者早上五点出发，此时天应该还是黑的。故选AoA.signaledtoB.shoutedatC.headedforD.wavedat答案C解析signalto朝发信号；shoutat朝喊叫；headfor朝走去；waveat朝挥手。此处应指作

17、者朝一群无家可归的人走过去（分发袜子）。故选CoA.tremblingB.smilingC.jumpingD.sleeping答案A解析根据空格后的“withcold”可知，他们围着树站着，瑟瑟发抖。故选AoA.andB.becauseC.soD.but答案D解析由上文中的“theylookedconfused”及后文中的“tookthem”可知，“他们怀疑作者的动机”与“他们还是拿走了袜子”之间为转折关系。故选DoA.tookoffB.tookoutC.gaveoffD.gaveout答案D解析takeoff起飞，脱下；takeout拿出，取出，去掉；giveoff发出（光等），放出（气味等

18、）；giveout分发。此处指作者分发完了所有的袜子。故选DoA.meatB.presentC.actD.kindness答案B解析由语境可知，作者一大早就给流浪汉分发袜子，对他们来说，这就像圣诞老人的礼物一样，别具意义。故选BoA.lessthanB.otherthan答案C解析此处应指如果作者离开超过一周，他就会给其他州或其他国家的流浪者发袜子，从而和上句“EveryweekI11handoutmanysocks.相呼应。lessthan少于；otherthan除了；morethan超过；ratherthan而不是。故选C。A.habitB.taskC.pasttimeD.entertai

19、nment答案A解析habit习惯；task任务；pasttime消遣方式；entertainment娱乐。根据下文“addictive可知，此处指给流浪者送袜子已经成了作者的一个习惯。故选A。A.unlessB.untilC.evenifD.asif答案C解析此句表达的意思是“我希望有一天能在我帮助的人里面看到艾伯特，但即使我没看到他”。evenif意为“即使”，符合语境。故选C。r主观题规范练】III语法填空Overthepastdecade,Hangzhougovernment1.(improve)bikefriendlyinfrastructure,suchaslanesandtraf

20、ficsignals2.(create)forcyclists.InHangzhou,asmartcardallowsusersto3.(easy)accessallformsofpublictransport#.bikestobuses.ApartfromleadingtheChinesecyclingresurgence,Hangzhouisalsohometoaninnovativewaytoencouragemore5.(sustain)lifestyles,withanapp6.ishelpingtostopdesertification,cutairpollutionandplan

21、tmillionsofnewtrees.The“AntForestminiprogram,aHangzhoubasedprojectfromgiantChinesepaymentsandlifestyleappAlipay,encouragesuserstomakesmall,environmentallyfriendly7.(decide)intheirdailylives,suchascyclingrather8.drivingtowork,orrecyclingclothes.Ifusersperformanycarbonreducingactivities,they9.(reward)

22、with“greenenergypoints.Iftheyaccumulateenoughvirtualpoints,10.realtreewillbeplanted.AccordingtoAntFinancial,morethan100milliontreeshavebeenplanted,thankstothelowcarbonactionsof500millionindividuals,roughly5%oftheworldspopulation.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了杭州的创新的、可持续的生活方式。1.答案hasimproved/hasbeenimproving解析考查时

23、态。分析句子可知，空中缺少谓语，根据时间状语“Overthepastdecade可知，后面用完成时，这里可以表示目前的结果，也可以表示还将继续进行下去的动作，因此可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时，故填hasimproved/hasbeenimproving02答案created解析考查过去分词。空中的词修饰“lanesandtrafficsignals”且作后置定语，并同它修饰的词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填createdo3答案easily解析考查副词。空中的词修饰动词access，应用副词形式，故填easilyo4答案from解析考查介词。根据句意可知，这里为固定搭配from.

24、to.，故填from。5答案sustainable解析考查形容词。空中的词修饰名词lifestyles，应用形容词形式，故填sustainableo6答案that/which解析考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词app并在从句中作主语，所以关系代词为that/which。故填that/which。7答案decisions解析考查名词。makedecisions做决定，故填decisionso8答案than解析考查固定搭配。这里为固定搭配ratherthan，意为“而不是”，故填than。9答案willberewarded解析考查动词的时态和语态。本句为if引导的条

25、件状语从句，从句用了一般现在时，因此主句用将来时，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填willberewarded。10答案a解析考查冠词。空中的词修饰tree，为可数名词单数，意为“一棵真树”，且real首字母的发音为辅音音素，故填a。W.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itwastimetogohome.“Remembertoworkonyourclassspeechesforhomework，”MissWalkercalled，aseveryonestartedtalkingandpackingtheirschoo

26、lbags.Jennyfeltsick.Shehatedhavingtoreadaloudinclass.Shewassureeveryonegotreallyboredlisteningtoher.Once，whenJennywasreadingoutherholidaydiary，Leewasevenlookingathiswatch，asilverandblueonewhichseemedjustmagical.JennywatchedLeewalkaheadofherastheyleftschool.Heseemedsoclever，andhehadacertainsortofshin

27、ingconfidence.Hewasjustoneofthosepeoplewhoweregoodateverything.Jennysighed.Assheturnedthecorner，shesawLeeswatchlyingrightinthemiddleofthepath.Jennyknewsheshouldjustpickitupandreturnittohim,butshedidntwanttorunafterhim.Jennybentdownquickly,pickedupthewatchandranhome.Onarrivinghome,Jennyputitonalmostw

28、ithoutthinking.Shewassurpriseditfittedsowell.Shewalkedtothemirrorandstartedpracticingherspeech.Wordsjustfloodedoutofher.“Imgoingtotalkaboutswimming.Ihavebeenlucky.Ivewonlotsofcompetitions.ButwhenIminarace,Imnotreallythinkingaboutwinning.Imjustlovingthefeelingofbeinginthewater.Jennylaughedwithexcitem

29、ent.Shewalkedacrosstheroom.Shesuddenlyseemedtohaveacertainsortofconfidence.Turningbacktothemirror,Jennysawaflashoflightfromthewatchintheglass.Theflashesofsilverseemedalmostmagical.SomaybeLeeswatchreallyDIDhavesomethingmagic.Thenextday,asthelessonbegan,MissWalkeraskedwhowasgoingtobebraveandgofirst.No

30、bodymoved.Jennyslowlyraisedherarm.BeforeMissWalkercouldsayanythingtherewasashoutfrombehind.“Shesstolenmywatch!Leesaidangrily，“Itwentmissingatschoolyesterday.注意：续写词数应为150左右。EverybodywasfixingtheireyesonJenny,waitingforanexplanation.Atthatmoment,MissWalkersmiledandaskedtheclasstolistentoJennysspeechfi

31、rst.、故事梗概二、情节推断人物关系或情节发展的常见模式通常是：1.主角遇到困难（矛盾开始）；2辅助角色起激励、引领或帮助作用（化解矛盾）；3.主角得到成长和蜕变（结尾升华）。所以，根据文章最后一句话以及提示句“EverybodywasfixingtheireyesonJenny，waitingforanexplanation.”可以推测，第一段应该说的是：Jenny被质疑偷走手表（矛盾开始），然后MissWalker及时解围（化解矛盾）。根据第二段的提示句“Atthatmoment，MissWalkersmiledandaskedtheclasstolistentoJennysspeechfirst.”可以推知，最后Jenny成功地演讲并了解了自信的秘密（结尾升华）。续写两段的四要素如下：Paragraph1Paragraph2时间：Thenextday，asthelessonbegan地点：intheclassroom人物：Jenny；MissWalker；Lee；alltheotherstudents事件：JennyreturnedthewatchandapologizedtoLe