阅读理解专题之七选五解题步骤与技巧

1、威宁六中高三第二轮专题复习暨分层走班教学校本教材阅读理解专题之“七选五”解题步骤与技巧一.需知：.考察方式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的短文和7个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正 确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。.考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）.选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数 240左右，选项词数60左右。.设空类型二、命题规律及考察趋势：考点题量分布2012课标、全 国12013课标、全 国12014课标、全 国12015课标、全 国1主题句0022过渡句1111细节4422解题步骤：（在高考的现场

2、如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。）.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句 寻找并画出关键词。（一名（名词）袋（代词）鼠（数词）很特殊（特殊疑问词）， 连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑 衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记(例如可以删掉)，以避免干扰 和分散注意力。.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。 细节类题型解题技巧： 同词复现：

3、Ex1:The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesse72 E_ So they are called diseases of civilization. Many cancersand diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases

4、.A Stone Age people lived a simple life.But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.In that case, they would live much healthier.Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.These newsicknesses were not known in ancient times.People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.Modern peopl

5、e used to suffer from diseases of civilization.反义词复现：Ex2:On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._B Thosedisadvant

6、agesinclude expense,time away from one s school,family, The following are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number ofdisadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.派生词复现：Ex3:Dont fear people C. The reason most people dont take risks,or live on thee

7、dge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.A. Focus on your own talents and strengthsB.Never let others opinions guide your choices.C.Stayfearless in everything you will have to doSummary:七选五解

8、题技巧1:词汇复现：复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词 复现等。Ex4:Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trust

9、ed adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72_F_ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.Different people feel stress in different waysYou need to figure out what the problem

10、is.And dont forget about your friends.Summary:七选五解题技巧2：同范畴词：同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词， 从而达到快而准。一般来说， 上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。Ex5:73 A They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger，A.Doctors say the solution is lear

11、ning how to deal with anger.B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.C.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.Summary:七选五解题技巧3:代词提示：英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或 形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速 地解题。it:单数名词或整个句子；they/them:复数名词；one:单数可数名词；that:不可数名词或句子；this:单数

12、名词或句子；these/those:前句的复数名词细节类题型解题技巧：Ex6:_C_ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a testA.You must write your notes on separate paper.B.There are three practical note-taking methods.C.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you t

13、o understand and remember it.Ex7:As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. When you do be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.8_DUse words ,not completed sentence.There are three pratical note-taking methods.You must write your notes on separate p

14、aper.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.Ex8:Finally,you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.9_BAt one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.T

15、herefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.Summary:逻辑关系的衔接：过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A,并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.; First, then/next,.; In the first place, in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing，；then /next ,finally/last 等。B,递进关系:too

16、,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,what s more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also 等。C,解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等D,因果关系： so /therefore ,thus consequently(结果),as a res

17、ult (of), so/such .that .,so that .等E,转折对比关系： but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless.(然而),still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等F,概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, i

18、n a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。篇章结构类题解题技巧：Ex9:1_BTelling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed.Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, Im working to remember names better.Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?A.If you cant remember some

19、ones name, you may tell him the truthB. Admit you dont knowC.Recite and repeat namesD.Let others help you remember their names.若考察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略：1）如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词 或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。2）如果问题在段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result,

20、thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in aword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句Ex10:（2010新课标全国卷）73 AWhen a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true interest.B.Restate the question with respect .C.Some ide

21、as can be quite concrete. Ex11:（2011辽宁卷） Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose第萄糖）levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good foryour brain .74_CThis can be especially harmfu

22、l to the aged.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading .In other words ,when youtake care of your body,you take care of your brain .备考战略：注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落 中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。

23、经验分享：经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找“信号词，回到选择项中筛选。经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络，留意文章的起承转合，逻辑及结构。经验四：7选5”句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈锯齿顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了 A就接着看B,接着看C,依此到G,而我们一般做题的正确答案都是“参差不齐，错落有致”的 ，看了 D之后不看E却看A,看E,看了 E之后不看F而看Co这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否正确三.真题再现：1.（ 2013全国卷1）第二节（共5小题:每小题2分，满

24、分10分）Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a pro日利润）that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operatin

25、g the business. _71_Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _72_Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business._73_One is the establishment （制定）of broad basic p

26、olicies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting _74_The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision （监管）and guidance by the management in authority._75_Contr

27、ol includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.However

28、, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.Planning in business management has three main aspects.D【解析】.However, some b

29、usinesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.推理题。本题的后一句出现了一个新名词nonprofits （非盈利），而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都在寻求利润，那这里语义的突然变化就提示了我们空格处所填内容应该与seek to make a profit （寻求利益）语义相反，而与 nonprofit相同，因为只有这样才能自然的引出下文。纵观选项，只有答案 D出 现了 however,表示语义的转折，所以正确答案为D。C.【解析】 Examples of nonprofit business include s

30、uch organizations as social service agencies and many hospital（t理题。根据文意， 前文提至U的 these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers 中的 these organizations实指 non profits organizations, 所以止匕处 72 题的内容应该是对 nongovernmental service providers;（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。纵观选 项，只有答案C是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词nonpr

31、o租，所以正确答案为C。G.【解析】 Planning in business management has three main aspects（理题。 这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用指路词”。下文中出现了 One is., Thethird relates.,可见本空是个总起句，概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选 项，只有答案G出现了 three,且主语planning正好复现了第二段首句出现的 techniques of planning,所以正确答案为 G。E.【解析】The second aspect relates to the application of these p

32、olicies bydepartments.推理题。还是依靠 指路词”，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空 肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选项，只有答案 E出现了 the second,所以答案为 E。A.【解析】 Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.推理题。观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及 的techniques of planning, direction 均已经提至只差最后一个 control （控制）还 未提及，所以本空一定和

33、control有关。纵观选项，只有答案 A出现了关键词 control,所以答案为Ao（2016全国卷1）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Secret codes 密码）keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code b

34、reaking never lags 落后）behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message “Meet me. 38 You might represent each let

35、ter with a number, for example, let s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me would read “1 3 5 20 13 5 .A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have

36、a code book. 39 For example, “bridge might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out would actually mean “Meet me” .40 However, it is also hard to keep a code booksecret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without a code book

37、.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book, you might write do

38、wn words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.D【解析】本题考察是逻辑关系，根据下一句 code breaking never lags behind code making”可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选D。.E【解析】本题考察是句子之间的例证关系，从后面文章的举例中“ For example, the first letters are My el

39、ephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me. 那么前一句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以 知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E选项正确.G【解析】本题考察是文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根 据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是another way还有 alphabet,故选 G。.F【解析】本题考察的是逻辑关系，从上一句“To read the message of a real code, you must

40、have a code book ”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正 意思，F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故 F正确。.A【解析】本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现“it is alsohard to keep a code book secret for long, ” 这里出现了 also hard,所以上一句关键 词为hard;另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反， 即上一句应该没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作，故 A正确。3.（ 2016全国卷3）:第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Everyone knows t

41、hat fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isH t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and

42、 cook fish in an easy way.18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you re standing at the ocean s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don t cook it immediately

43、, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn t as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish.20First,clean it and seasonit with your choice of spices倜料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs

44、 about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it s ready to serve.Do not buy it.Theeasiestis to steam it.Thisis how you can do it.It just requires a little knowledge.Thefish will go bad within hours.When buying fish, you should first smell it.Thefats in fish are thought to help prevent

45、 heart disease.G【解析】考查上下文串联。第一句 Everyone knows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But表示转折，说明but前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项 “鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合语境，故选G。.D【解析】考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文意主 要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项”这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境， 此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复

46、， 故选D。.F【解析】考查上下文串联。根据 Fresh fish should smell sweet可知，本 段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F.A【解析】考查上下文串联。根据前一句Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的 鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选 Ao.B【解析】考查上下文串联。根据 Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。4. （2015全国卷1

47、）第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）Building Trust in a Relationship AgainThat is a risk. But you cant be successful when there s a lack of trust in arelationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we have all been victims of betrayal. Whether we ve been sufferfr