北京东城北京二中2022-2023学年高三下学期联考英语试题含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1The young violinist is very excited because the concert given by him h

2、as never been _.AsuccessfulBmore successfulCmost successfulDthe most successful2It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the officeAthatBwhatCwhereDwhich3The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.AwhatBhowCthatDwhy4The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a

3、 cold front to arrive.Ais expected Bis expectingCexpects Dwill be expected5Do you know why the teacher asks for me?He wants you to _ your absence last night.Aaccount forBcall forCsend forDreach for6His strong sense of humor was make everyone in the room burst out laughing.Aso as to Bsuch as toCso th

4、at Dsuch that7We firmly believe that _ the new examination system comes into existence, completely new situations will arise.Aconsidering Bsupposed Cproviding Dgiven8I was an only child, and _ I had no experience of large families.Aso BbutCor Dwhile9What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?Everyt

5、hing is very fantastic，especially its fresh air.It is pleasant _.Abreathed Bbeing breathedCto be breathed Dto breathe10If I can help , I dont like working late into the night.AsoBthatCthemDit11You seem to be familiar with this city.I _ here for three years. Its so great to be back.Alived Bhad livedC

6、have lived Dlive12Jack should have calmed down at the party!But the kids made so much noise that he couldnt help but _.Aface the music Beat like a birdCmend his ways Dfly off the handle13After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset outBtook o

7、verCtook upDset up14I thought it hard to complete the project at first, but I_my mind.AchangeBhave changedChad changedDwould change15Would you mind moving over a little? I have to pass here._ Id like to help.ANot in the slightest.BDont mention it.CNever mind.DAt your service.16Since the middle of th

8、e last year, the bike-sharing market _in Beijing.Aboomed Bwas booming Cwill boom Dhas boomed17We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _ in Shanghai next month.AheldBto holdCbeing heldDto be held18As John Lennon once said, life is _ happen

9、s to you while you are busy making other plans.AWhichBthatCwhatDwhere19Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them.Awithout BbesidesCby Dfor20The U.S. official said North Korea - and Iran - should follow in the steps of Libya, which last December sai

10、d it would work_ to allow international weapons inspectors to do their work.AunconditionallyBunwillinglyCunfortunatelyDuncomfortably第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） Whats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldnt

11、 be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying

12、how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others.

13、 It was “almost like an algorithm(算法)” for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavior

14、al ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more adv

15、anced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bee

16、s-eye view than a birds-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flo

17、wers original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.1、What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?AMemory.BMovement rules.CReward

18、calculating.DInformation processing.2、Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of Hummingbirds?AMath.BBiology.CEcology.DPsychology.3、How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?ABy setting them free.BBy moving flowers.CBy matching view.DBy makin

19、g maps.4、Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AHummingbirds and BeesBHummingbirds in the LabCNew Trends in Studying BeesDThinking of Hummingbirds as Bees22（8分） Stephen Hawkings final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who di

20、ed aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their childrens DNA to improve att

21、ributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intel

22、ligence and instincts such as aggression. “Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people wont be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life.” And he said that would cause huge proble

23、ms for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing

24、beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate.” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they coul

25、d cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space

26、and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.1、Stephen Hawkings views dont include _.ADNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.BThere exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.CPeople cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.D

27、Humans who havent undergone genetic engineering may die out.2、Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?ABrief Answers to Questions.BThe Sunday Times.CThe Brief History of Time.DSolar System.3、Whats Stephen Hawkings attitude towards human genetic engineering?ASupportive.BImpartial.CFavor

28、able.DConcerned.4、What does the text mainly want to tell us?ACrispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.BDNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.CHumans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.DDNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.23

29、（8分） A few years ago, when I began writing about education, school leaders didnt worry much about teachers. They believed a long line of new teachers waited. Not any longer, as districts struggle to fill math, science, world language and special education jobs.A 2017 Learning Policy Institute study

30、found 90 percent of open teaching posts are the result of people leaving the profession. While retirements play a role, the report noted two-thirds of teachers depart for other reasons, most saying dissatisfactions with the job.How can districts support teachers and persuade new ones to enter the fi

31、eld?Education professor Peter Smagorinsky said, The best way I know of to support teachers is to listen to them. Teachers know better than anyone how schools work, what kids need, what teachers need to do their best work. But kids and teachers wont always agree, and you will get opposite suggestions

32、. But at least they feel recognized, consulted, listened to, and respected. High school principal Betsy Bockman said, What I try to inform: Firstly, everyones job is to do all we can every day to support students. Secondly, for the employees who are not teachers at Grady, our job is to remove every

33、single barrier that keeps teachers from teaching.Make the job of teaching easier. Vice-president Gary McGiboney said, Teachers develop well in a school with a positive school climate where they dont feel alone, which is what teachers desperately want and need. My own view is that most want to do the

34、ir best for their students, but often feel attacked when told they need to improve. To grow, develop and keep effective teachers, Georgia schools must first create a culture in which teachers trust that leaders want them to succeed.1、Why do too many teachers leave their profession?AThe leaders dont

35、care about them.BThere are too many trained teachers.CMost arent satisfied with their jobs.DMany teachers have already retired.2、What does Principal Betsy Bockman try to tell us?AThe schools whole effort is to make teaching easier.BSchools should listen to the teachers suggestions.CWhat the teachers

36、 want should be concerned by others.DSchool leaders must show respect for the teachers thoughts.3、What is the purpose of the last part of the text?ATo show the authors concern for the teachers.BTo criticize the state of Georgias education.CTo ask the teachers to do their best for the students.DTo ca

37、ll on the school to create a culture for the teachers.4、What does the passage mainly talk about?AWhy the schools are short of good teachers.BHow to keep enough and effective teachers.CWhat we should do to teach the students well.DHow to deal with teacher-student relationship.24（8分）Silvia Maier works

38、 at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She and her colleagues invited 51 young men into the lab for 3 hours of tests. They showed each man 180 food items on a computer. Each time, they asked the men to judge how healthy, tasty and appealing the food was.Then the researchers stressed out 29 of th

39、e men. They did this by asking each to put one hand in ice water for three minutes. If the water was too unpleasant, the volunteers could remove their hands, but must continue looking into a video camera. The men were also encouraged to put their hands back into the cold water. All the while, a rese

40、archer watched and videotaped the ordeal (考验). Another 22 men held one hand in warm water. They were not videotaped.Afterward, the researchers showed each man a series of two food items. They did this 210 times. And before making choices, the men were told to choose the healthier of the two items. W

41、hen the testing was over, the scientists gave the volunteers a snack. Each man got one of the items he had said that he preferred. Despite being coached to choose healthy foods, the stressed men proved more likely to pick the less healthy.The researchers also performed brain scans of the volunteers.

42、 It showed what part of the brain was active as they made their choices. “Our findings indicate that stress affects the decision making,” Maiers team concluded. And it does this by changing two brain pathways. One affects sensory information, such as taste. The other affects a persons ability to mak

43、e decisions such as eating what is good for us.More studies will be needed to confirm the new findings. But the early signs suggest that stress not only makes junk food more appealing, but also weakens the brains ability to resist eating it.1、How did the scientists mainly get the result?ABy doing ex

44、periments.BBy asking questions.CBy conducting surveys.DBy secret observations.2、The cold water used in the experiment may make men feelApleasantBfrightenedCrelaxedDstressed3、Why did the scientists scan the brains of the volunteers?AThey wanted to find the IQ of them.BThey wanted to observe the activ

45、ities of their brains.CThey wanted to discover the potential disease of them.DThey wanted to know the health conditions of them.4、What does the last paragraph imply?AThe new Swiss study is the final conclusion.BStress may increase self-control in eating.CStress makes junk food more attractive.DIt is

46、 easy for stressed people to resist tasty foods.25（10分） Allan Guei, 18, was a star basketball player at Compton High School in the Los Angeles area before he graduated last month. His good grades made him eligible for an unusual competition: A free-throw contest in the Compton High gymnasium. The to

47、p prize: 40,000 in scholarship money.Guei, whose parents immigrated to the United States from the Ivory Coast, knew how much that financial aid could mean for his family. He was also feeling a fair share of pressure as students and teachers crushed into the gym to watch Guei and seven other randomly

48、 compete against each other.Guei won the free-throw contest by one basket and netted the 40,000. But its what he did next thats truly astonishing.In the weeks following the March free-throw competition, Guei learned that hed scored a full-ride basketball scholarship to California State University-No

49、rthridge. NCAA(全国大学生体育协会)rules allowed Guei to accept the athletic scholarship and also keep most of the 40,000 he had won.But Guei couldnt stop thinking about the seven talented runners-up from the free-throw contest. They, too, had dreams and very real needs. So, he asked Principal Jesse Jones to

50、make a surprise announcement at Compton Highs graduation ceremony: Geui wanted to donate the 40,000 to the other seven students.“Ive already been blessed so much and I know were living with a bad economy, so I know this money can really help my classmates,” Guei said in a statement. “It was the righ

51、t decision.”Guei elaborated on his decision to give the money away in an interview with ESPN(体育电视网): “I was already well taken care of to go to school, to go to university for free.I felt like they needed it more than I did.”1、While studying at Compton High School in the Los Angeles area, Allan Guei

52、 _.Awas famous in the United StatesBmade grown-ups feel very worriedCtook part in a free-throw contestDshowed his skills in playing basketball2、During the free-throw contest in the Compton High gymnasium, Allan Guei felt _.Adelighted BstressedCrelaxed Dembarrassed3、What made the other people astonis

53、hed?AGuei contributed his prize to others.BGuei was thought highly of by Jesse.CGuei kept most of his scholarship.DGuei gained a basketball scholarship.4、What Guei said in an interview with ESPN infers that_.Ahis family was very wealthyBit was very hard for him to make moneyChe was luckier than othe

54、r studentsDhe was always ready to help others.5、Where can we most probably read this passage?AIn a storybook.BIn a newspaper.CIn a science magazine.DIn an advertisement.第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）“I wont stop learning new things 1 I die,” 105-

55、year-old Zhao Muhe told domestic media.He got his first bachelors and masters degrees in his 2 , and is now working on his PhDHe traveled the world after 3 and learnt to use the Internet.Zhao, born in Shandong in 1912, moved 4 Taiwan at 39, and found a non-teaching job at National Kaohsiung Normal U

56、niversity. Almost 30 years later, he retired from the university. Thats 5 the time for people to begin a peaceful but boring pensioners life, 6 with friends and looking after grandchildren. 7 that was not for Zhao.He decided to go to 8 university, this time to study. Zhao 9 the National Open Univers

57、ity in Taiwan in 1999. He commuted to school by bike every day, never 10 a single class. He studied 11 into the night, and it only took him four years to finish the 128 academic 12 required to graduate with an arts degree, which he did at the age of 91.Several years later, Zhao decided to 13 his stu

58、dies. He passed the entrance examination for Nanhua University in Taiwan and got a 14 in philosophy two years later. He is now auditing classes at National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan 15 he prepares to earn a doctorate degree. He thinks its 16 too late to learn. 17 studying, he also fulfilled his

59、 dream of touring the world. Now he is learning to use a 18 . Internet is no use for a dying man like 19 , bro, his fellow pensioner said humorously to him. But Im still 20 , he replied with laughter.1、Abecause Bif Cwhen Dunless2、Aeighties Btwenties Cnineties Dthirties3、Aadjustment Bretirement Cpres

60、entation Dexamination4、Ato Baway Cout of Dfrom5、Asuddenly Bgradually Cnormally Dtypically6、Ahanging up Bhanging out Changing down Dhanging over7、ABut BAnd CSo DFor8、Aanother Beach Cthat Dhis9、Aarrived at Bgraduated from Cstudied Dattended10、Asharing Brefusing Cstopping Dmissing11、Alater Blate Clates