企业管理专用术语(英汉对照)

1、1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.人力资源管理：(HumanResourceManagement,HRM)人力资源经理：(humanresourcemanager)高级管理人员：(executive)职业：(profession)道德标准：(ethics)操作工：(operativeemployees)专家：(specialist)人力资源认证协会：(theHumanResourceCertificat

2、ionInstitute，HRCI)外部环境：(externalenvironment)内部环境：(internalenvironment)政策：(policy)企业文化：(corporateculture)目标：(mission)股东：(shareholders)非正式组织：(informalorganization)跨国公司：(multinationalcorporation，MNC)管理多样性：(managingdiversity)工作：(job)职位：(posting)工作分析：(jobanalysis)工作说明：(jobdescription)工作规范：(jobspecificati

3、on)工作分析计划表：(jobanalysisschedule，JAS)职位分析问卷调查法：(ManagementPositionDescriptionQuestionnaire，MPDQ)行政秘书：(executivesecretary)地区服务经理助理：(assistantdistrictservicemanager)人力资源计划：(HumanResourcePlanning，HRP)战略规划：(strategicplanning)长期趋势：(longtermtrend)要求预测：(requirementforecast)供给预测：(availabilityforecast)管理人力储备：

4、(managementinventory)裁减：(downsizing)人力资源信息系统：(HumanResourceInformationSystem，HRIS)招聘：(recruitment)员工申请表：(employeerequisition)招聘方法：(recruitmentmethods)内部提升：(PromotionFromWithin，PFW)工作公告：(jobposting)广告：(advertising)职业介绍所：(employmentagency)特殊事件：(specialevents)实习：(internship)选择：(selection)选择率：(selection

5、rate)简历：(resume)标准化：(standardization)有效性：(validity)客观性：(objectivity)规范：(norm)录用分数线：(cutoffscore)准确度：(aiming)业务知识测试：(jobknowledgetests)求职面试：(employmentinterview)非结构化面试：(unstructuredinterview)结构化面试：(structuredinterview)小组面试：(groupinterview)职业兴趣测试：(vocationalinteresttests)会议型面试：(boardinterview)组织变化与人力资

6、源开发人力资源开发：(HumanResourceDevelopment，HRD)培训：(training)开发：(development)定位：(orientation)训练：(coaching)辅导：(mentoring)经营管理策略：(businessgames)案例研究：(casestudy)会议方法：(conferencemethod)角色扮演：(roleplaying)工作轮换：(jobrotating)在职培训：(on-the-jobtraining，OJT)媒介：(media)企业文化与组织发展企业文化：(corporateculture)组织发展：(organizationde

7、velopment，OD)调查反馈：(surveyfeedback)质量圈：(qualitycircles)目标管理：(managementbyobjective，MBO)全面质量管理：(TotalQualityManagement，TQM)团队建设：(teambuilding)职业计划与发展职业：(career)职业计划：(careerplanning)职业道路：(careerpath)职业发展：(careerdevelopment)自我评价：(self-assessment)职业动机：(careeranchors)绩效评价绩效评价：(PerformanceAppraisal，PA)小组评价

8、：(groupappraisal)业绩评定表：(ratingscalesmethod)关键事件法：(criticalincidentmethod)排列法：(rankingmethod)平行比较法：(pairedcomparison)硬性分布法：(forceddistributionmethod)晕圈错误：(haloerror)宽松：(leniency)严格：(strictness)360反馈：(360-degreefeedback)叙述法：(essaymethod)集中趋势：(centraltendency)报酬与福利报酬：(compensation)直接经济报酬：(directfinanci

9、alcompensation)间接经济报酬：(indirectfinancialcompensation)非经济报酬：(nofinancialcompensation)公平：(equity)外部公平：(externalequity)内部公平：(internalequity)员工公平：(employeeequity)小组公平：(teamequity)工资水平领先者：(payleaders)现行工资率：(goingrate)工资水平居后者：(payfollowers)劳动力市场：(labormarket)工作评价：(jobevaluation)排列法：(rankingmethod)分类法：(cla

10、ssificationmethod)因素比较法：(factorcomparisonmethod)评分法：(pointmethod)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法：(HayGuideChart-profileMethod)工作定价：(jobpricing)工资等级：(paygrade)工资曲线：(wagecurve)工资幅度：(payrange)12.福利和其它报酬问题128.福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权计划：(employeestockownershipplan，ESOP)值班津贴：(shiftdifferential)奖金：(incentivecompensation)利润分享(分红制)：(pr

11、ofitsharing)安全与健康的工作环境安全：(safety)健康：(health)频率：(frequencyrate)紧张：(stress)角色冲突：(roleconflict)催眠法：(hypnosis)酗酒：(alcoholism)员工和劳动关系工会：(union)地方工会：(localunion)行业工会：(craftunion)产业工会：(industrialunion)全国工会：(nationalunion)谈判组：(bargainingunion)劳资谈判：(collectivebargaining)仲裁：(arbitration)罢工：(strike)内部员工关系：(int

12、ernalemployeerelations)纪律：(discipline)纪律处分：(disciplinaryaction)申诉：(grievance)降职：(demotion)调动：(transfer)晋升：(promotion)目标mission/objective集体目标groupobjective内部环境internalenvironment外部环境externalenvironment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理gen

13、eralmanager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientificmanagement现代经营管理modernoperationalmanagement行为科学behaviorscience生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economicsys

14、tem管理职能managerialfunction产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入humaninput盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capitalgoods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法theempiricalapproach人际行为法theinterpersonalbehaviorapproach集体行为法thegroupbehaviorapproach协作社会系统法

15、thecooperativesocialsystemsapproach社会技术系统法thesocial-technicalsystemsapproach决策理论法thedecisiontheoryapproach数学法themathematicalapproach系统法thesystemsapproach随机制宜法thecontingencyapproach管理任务法themanagerialrolesapproach经营法theoperationalapproach人际关系humanrelation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘re

16、cruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegationofauthority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度meritsystem表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspectionrecord误工记录recordoflabor-hourslost销售量salesvolume产品质量qualityofproducts先进技术advancedtechnology顾客服务customerservice策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性p

17、ervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growthgoal专利产品proprietaryproduct竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerialdecision商业道德businessethics有竞争力的价格competitiveprice供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflic

18、tofinterests派生政策derivativepolicy开支帐户expenseaccount批准程序approvalprocedure病假sickleave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capitaloutlay现金流量cashflow工资率wagerate税收率taxrate股息dividend现金状况cashposition资金短缺capitalshortage总预算overallbudget资产负债表balancesheet可行性feasibility投入原则thecommitmentprinciple投资回报returnonin

19、vestment生产能力capacitytoproduce实际工作者practitioner最终结果endresult业绩performance个人利益personalinterest福利welfare市场占有率marketshare创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任publicresponsibility董事会boardofdirector组织规模sizeoftheorganization组织文化organizationalculture目标管理managementbyobjectives评价工具appraisaltool激励方法m

20、otivationaltechniques控制手段controldevice个人价值personalworth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personalresponsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitativeobjective定性目标qualitativeobjective可考核目标verifiableobjective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consisten

21、cy应变策略consistencystrategy公共关系publicrelation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定majordecision分公司总经理divisiongeneralmanager资产组合距阵portfoliomatrix明星star问号questionmark现金牛cashcow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographicfactor地理因素geographicfactor公司形象companyimage产品系列productline合资企业jointventure破产政策liq

22、uidationstrategy紧缩政策retrenchmentstrategy战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needsforself-a

23、ctualization尊敬的需要esteemneeds归属的需要affiliationneeds安全的需要securityneeds生理的需要physiologicalneeds维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcementtheory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stockoption劳资纠纷labordispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loy

24、alty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonalskills行政管理能力administrativeability智力intelligence专制式领导autocraticleader民主式领导democraticleader自由放任式领导free-reinleader管理方格图themanagerialgrid工作效率workefficiency服从obedience领导行为leaderbehavior支持型领导supportivel

25、eadership参与型领导participativeleadership指导型领导instrumentalleadership成就取向型领导achievement-orientedleadershipActionlearning：行动学习Alternationrankingmethod：交替排序法Annualbonus:年终分红Applicationforms:工作申请表Appraisalinterview：评价面试Aptitudes:资质Arbitration:仲裁Attendanceincentiveplan:参与式激励计划Authority:职权Behaviormodeling:行为模

26、拟Behavioral”anchoredratingscale(bars)：行为锚定等级评价法Benchmarkjob：基准职位Benefits：福利Bias:个人偏见Boycott：联合抵制Bumping/layoffprocedures:工作替换/临时解雇程序Burnout：耗竭Candidate-ordererror：候选人次序错误Capitalaccumulationprogram：资本积累方案Careeranchors:职业锚Careercycle：职业周期Careerplanninganddevelopment:职业规划与职业发展Casestudymethod：案例研究方法Cent

27、raltendency:居中趋势Citations:传讯CivilRightsAct：民权法Classes：类Classification(orgrading)method：归类(或分级)法Collectivebargaining：集体谈判Comparableworth：可比价值Compensablefactor：扌报酬因素Computerizedforecas：计算机化预测Contentvalidity:内容效度Criterionvalidity:效标效度Criticalincidentmethod:关键事件法Davis-BaconAct(DBA):戴维斯一佩根法案Day-to-day-collectivebargaining：日常集体谈判Declinestage：下降阶段Deferredpro