英语文化常识

1、今日话题：辅音如何分类.发 音部位 (places of articulation )： 双唇音 (bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental) 齿间音(dental)等；.发音方法 (manners of articulation):、爆破音(stop)、 摩擦音(fricatives) 破擦音(affricates) 鼻音(nasal)、 边音(lateral)等；.声带状态：清辅音、浊辅音。因此更正第七期第十道10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fri catives, nasals, etc, in term

2、s ofA manner of articulation B openness of mouthC place of articulation D voicing选才i A而不是CSt. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by bot hA America and Mexico B America and CanadaC America and Cuba D America and BrazilEuropean settlement of Australia began in the late p art of when a British pena

3、l colony was established on the east coast of the continent.A the 16th century B the 17th century C the 18th centu ry D the 19th centuryWhich sport is supposed to be America national sp ort and used to be call “ American favorable pastime ?A baseball B basketball C rugby D cricketThe largest city in

4、 New Zealand isA Auckland B Wellington C Christchurch D DunedinAfter Adam Bede,wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems are discuss ed and psychological analysis of characters are empha sized.A George Eliot B Jane Austin C George Dickens D Ch arlotte BronteAll of the foll

5、owing odes are written by John Keats EXCEPTA Ode to Autumn B Ode to a NightingaleC Ode to a Skylark D Ode on MelancholyOf four famous comedies, the best known is Lady Windermere Fan.A Oscar Wilde B Richard Sheridan C Bernard Shaw D Somerset MaughamIf the air stream meets with no obstruction when a s

6、 ound is pronounced, it is a(n) A voiced consonant B voiceless consonant C vowel D explosiveThe internationally accepted system of phonetic tra nscription isA I.P.A B I.A.P.S C I.S.S D S.S.I.PWith the, Latin words were added into the vo cabulary of the language spoken in Britain.A invasion of the Ro

7、mans B Christianization of BritainC Scandinavian invasion D Norman Conquest答案BCAAA CACAB9.国际音标 (international phonetic alphabet) 是目前 世界上比较通行的音标，简称IPA,最初制定于1886 年每天第一个迎接新一天的国家是哪个呢？新西兰，由于新西兰整个国家非常狭窄，所以新西兰的任何地方距离海洋都不超过110公里，全国只有一个时区。新西兰正好位于国际日期变更线以西 的第一个时区，所以它是第一个迎接新一天的国 家。1. It was during reign that t

8、he name Great Britain came into being.A Mary B Anne C Jame II D Oliver Cromwell 2.Where is Edinburgh?A In Wales B In Scotland C In Northern Ireland D In I relandOne of the most famous national parks in the U.S. is theA Yellowstone National Park B Hyde ParkC Kakadu National Park D American Fishing Ce

9、nterNew Zealand is just west of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get A frozen B wet C the new day D unitedMr.Darcy is a character in A Tess of the D Urberviles B Pride and Prejudice C H appy Prince D The Mill on the FlossLyrical Ballads is the joint work between Wordswor th

10、 and his friendA Coleridge B Bryon C Keats D Shelly7.is the representative work of the Jazz AgeA The Great Gatsby B On the Road C Look Back in A nger D The Sun Also Rises8. The distinction of langue and parole is made byA Hall B Sapir C Chomsky D Saussure9.examines how meaning is encoded in a langua

11、 ge.A Semantics B Syntax C Pragmatics D Morphology 10.The sentence “apologize! be longs to the categor y of according to the speech act theory.A. expressive B performative C representative D const ative 答案BBACB AADABconstative为叙述句 performative为施为句美国人口构成The population of the United States is a bit mo

12、re tha n 272 million, about 13% of which are Black, 12 % ar e Hispanic（ 讲西班牙语的人）， 4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.It is the third most populous country in the world af ter China and India.The most populous states are California, Texas, Ne w York, Florida and Illinois.More than 80% of A

13、mericans live in urban areas.巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位； 按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？Christmas is usually connected toA the reunion of a large family B the eating of Easter e ggsC the resurrection of Christ D the forgiving of other s sinsThe largest of the ethnic minorities in America is _A the blacks B the Mexico-

14、AmericansC the Spanish-Americans D the ChineseThe British establish colonies along the east coast of North American between 16.7 and 1733.A. 11 B 12 C13 D14The largest university in Canada isA Laval University B The University of TorontoC McGill University D Simon Fraser UniversityRobinson Crusoe is

15、 written byA Henry Fielding B Daniel Defoe C Samuel Richards on D Jonathan Swift6.is written by Walt Whitman.A Representative Men B English Traits C Nature D Le aves of Grass7.is not a novelist.A Henry James B Emily Dickinson C William Dean H owells D Mark Twain8.is not one of the core branches of l

16、inguistics.A Phonology B Psycho-linguistics C Syntax D Semant ics9.is the common factor of the three sounds:p, t, kA voiceless B spread C voiced D nasal10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fri catives, nasals, etc, in terms ofA manner of articulation B openness of mouthC place of art

17、iculation D voicing按面积计算，美国继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后位 居第四。按人口计算，美国继中国，印度后，居第三。答案 ACCBB DBBAA练习题：.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is.A Robin Hood B Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC The Canterbury Tales D Beowulf.was the most outstanding single romance on th e Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.

18、A The Canterbury Tales B Piers the PlowmanC Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D Beowulf.was the most famous for The Canterbury Tales.A Geoffrey Chaucer B John MiltonC William Shakespeare D Francis Bacon. Most of the ballads of the 5th century focused on th e legend about as a heroic figure.A Green Nig

19、hts B GawainC Robin Hood D Hamlet5.In the 16th century, Thomas More work became immediately popular after its publication.A Paradise Lost B A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estat esC Of Beauty D Utopia.was Edmund Spencer masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English lang

20、uage.A Amoretti B The Shepherd CalendarC The Faerie Queen D Four Hymns.is from Shakespeare Sonnet No.18.A “ Letne not to the marriage of true minds ”B “ Tbe or not to be: that is the question ”C “ Shall compare thee to a summer day D “ Ndonger mourn for me when I am dead ”. The vivid portrayal of by

21、 Shakespeare in Henry IV has earn for him an enviable place in the history of English literature.A Julius Caesar B Falstaff C Hamlet D King Henry 9.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and.A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Julius CaesarC Twelfth Night D King Lear10.

22、Which of the following does not belong to Shakes peare romantic love comedies?A Twelfth Night B The TempestC As You Like It D The Merchant of Venice练习题答案及题解：.D贝奥武夫是英国一部著名的英国史诗，也 是英国文学中的一部重要作品，用古英语写成。.C高文爵士和绿衣以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题 材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇文学 最优秀的作品之一。. Chaucer被誉为英国诗歌之父”，他的代表作是 坎特伯雷故事集，它是以本土文学为主流的英国

23、书面文学历史开始的重要标志。.C英国15十几民谣大部分是关于流传于英国民间 家喻户晓的传奇人物罗宾汉和他的伙伴们的故事。 民谣中的罗宾汉是一个仗义疏财，劫富济贫的绿林 好汉。.D托马斯.莫尔是英国重要的早期人文主义者。他 的著作乌托邦勾画出了一个社会平等，财产共 有，人民和谐相处的理想大同国。. C长诗仙后是英国杰出诗人Edmund Spencer的杰作，它是英国诗歌创作的典范。Spencer在仙 后一诗中创造了著名的斯宾塞诗体”，其影响深远。.C ShaIl compare thee to a summer day”源 自 莎 士比亚著名的第十八首诗。.B喜剧人物福斯坦福是莎士比亚在亨利四世

24、 中创造的一个为百姓喜闻乐见的不朽的艺术形象。 福斯坦福是个50多岁的破落骑士，爱冒险又胆怯， 喜欢吹牛又贪婪，说谎欺诈，浑水摸鱼，无所不能。 同时他生性幽默，喜剧情节和笑料通过他的所言所行妙趣横生。.D莎士比亚的四大悲剧一般指：Hamlet, Macbeth ,Othello 以及 King Lear。.B The Tempest是莎士比亚后期一部浪漫主义传 奇剧，莎士比亚在创作中坚持人文主义理想，以宽 恕仁爱为主要精神，期创作风格添加了不少浓郁的 浪漫空幻色彩。练习题：.Gold Rush was vividly depicted in novels.A Hemingway B Mark

25、Twain C Henry Jame D F aulkner s.The period of Old English literatue refers toA 449-1066B 14thcentury - mid 17th centuryC 14th century- mid 18th centuryD 16th century- mid 18th century.The great transcendental work by Henry David Thor eau isA Nature B Walden C Experience D Essays.has been entitled t

26、he Father of American Poetr y.A Philip Freneau B Ralph Waldo Emerson C William Cullen Bryant D Walt Whitman. The emotional effect and social significance made _ _ the first well-known sociological novel in Americ an Literature.A The Sun Also Rises B Uncle Tom CabinC The Old Man and The Sea D Sister

27、Carrie. Stephen Crane is famous for A An American Tragedy B The AmbassadorsC Main Street D The Red Badge of Courage.Which of the following is NOT true for Benjamin Fr anklin?A He was a famous writer B He was a member to draf t the Declaration of IndependenceC He was a great scientist D He was once e

28、lected Ame rican President. Whitman poems are characterized by all the follo wing features EXCEPTA a strict poetic form B a simple and conversational la nguage C a free and natural rhythmic pattern D an eas y flow of feelings.American fiction in the 1960s is retered to asA imagism B black humor C ne

29、w fiction D the Beat G eneration.William Faukener is the author ofA Far From the Madding Crowd B Sound and Fury C For Whom the Bell Tolls D Scarlet Letter练习题答案及题解：1.B马克吐温的很多短篇小说对Gold Rush (淘金)进行了很形象的描绘。2.A Anglo-Saxons所说的语言被称为古英语， Anglo-Saxons是在五世纪中侵入英国领土的，直到 1066年诺曼公爵政府英格兰，建立诺曼底王朝，才代替了 Anglo-Saxons

30、。3.B瓦尔登湖是梭罗最杰出的超验主义作品。4.A Philip Freneau ( 1752-1832)被称为 美国诗歌 之父”。著有：The wild Honey Suckle ;To The Memory of Brave Americans 。5.B汤姆叔叔家的小屋是美国文学史上第一部揭示 黑人被虐待，宣扬反奴隶制度的小说，激发了社会 各界人士的感情，是一部社会性质很强的小说。.D The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章是 Stephen Grane 的代表作。.D Benjamin Franklin 是伟大的作家，科学家，还 是美国独立宣言的撰写人之一，但是未曾

31、担任过美 国总统。.A Whitman主张自由诗体，认为诗歌不应该收到 格律约束。他的代表作草叶集标志着真正意义 上美国诗歌的诞生。.B黑色幽默是二十世纪六十年代盛行的小说类 型，用幽默的手法来揭示可悲的现实。.B Far From the Madding Crowd 为 托马斯哈代的 作品；For Whom the Bell Tolls 为海明威的作品； Scarlet Letter为霍桑的作品。练习题：As a philosophical and literary moment, flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil W

32、ar. A modernism B rationalism C sentimentalism D transc endentalismPoe first collection of stories is.A Tales of TravelerB Leather Stocking TalesC Canterbury TalesD Tales of the Goteque and ArabesqueWhich book is not written by Emerson?A The American Scholar B Self-RelianceC Nature D Civil Disobedie

33、nceThe finest example of Hawthorn symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in.A The Scarlet Letter B Young Goodman BrownC The Marble Fawn D The Ambitious GuestThe chief spokesman of New England Transcendent alism is.A Nathaniel Hawthorn B Ralph Waldo EmersonC Henry David Thoreau D Washington Ir

34、vingTranscendentalists recognized as the “ highestpower of the soul .A intuition B logic C data of senses D thinkingWhich is regarded as the “ Declarationof Intellectual Independence ?A The American Scholar B English TraitsC The Conduct of Life D Representative MenAmerican literature produced only o

35、ne female poet d uring the nineteenth century. This was .A Anne Bradstreet B Jane AustinC Emily Dickinson D Harriet BeecherCaptain, My Captain is written for.A Lincoln B Whitman C Washington D Hemingwayis not written by Washington Irving.A The Sketch Book B Rip Van WinkleC The Legend of Sleep Hollow

36、 D The Autobiography练习题答案及题解：1 D,从19世纪30年代到内战期间的主要文学流派 是超验主义，以爱默生为代表。D,坡的第一部故事集是怪诞奇异故事集。D,论市民之不服从是梭罗的作品。其他全为 爱默生的作品。A,霍桑作品中的象征主义手法主要体现在他的著 作红字中。B,超验主义以爱默生为代表。A,超验主义认为人类精神的最高力量存在于人的 直觉中。A,被称为美国精神独立宣言”的是爱默生的美 国学者。书中表达了美国人追求自己的文化独立 以及文学独立身份的要求。C, 19世纪美国的杰出女诗人是艾米莉旭金森(18301886)。A,阿，船长啊，我的船长！是惠特曼为纪念林 肯总统而

37、作的。D,见闻札记、睡谷的传说、瑞普巩7M克 尔都是华盛顿 做文的作品，但是自传是本杰 明？M兰克林的作品练习题：How many members are there in the House of Com mons?A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651Which of the following people didn use to be the B ritish Prime Minister?A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John MajorBy tradition, the leader of

38、 the majority party is appoi nted by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A Prime Minister B Member of ParliamentC Lord of appeal D Speaker of the HouseThe Tories were the forerunners of, which stil l bears this nickname today.A the Labour Party B the Conservative PartyC the Liberal Party D the Socia

39、l Democratic PartyIn the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ _ number of seats in the House of Commons become s the official Opposition.A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth larg estThe term “ Britishdisease is now often used to char acterize Britain ，s decline.A political B edu

40、cational C military D economicThe 1980s was remembered as the decade of.A globalization B nationalization C privatization D co mpetitionToday, in Britain,is called a“ sick industry.A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuildi ngThe first steam engine was devised by Thomas New comer at the

41、end of the 17th century, and the Scottish i nventor modified and improved the design in 1765.AAbraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe10 created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial RevolutionC

42、The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution练习题答案及题解：1 D,下议院共有651名议员。2 C,撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首 相；而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅，因作 战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司 令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本 人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。3 A,在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任 命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各 部部长职位。4 B,托利党是英国保守党的前身。5 B,在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反 对党，它也有它

43、自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。6 D,现在 英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上 的衰退。7 C,正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一 样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括 英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40%的国 有公司实现了私有化。8 A,英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在 一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而 导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。9 B,第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer在17世纪 末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的 蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机

44、械业中。10 B,工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来 形成了工会制度练习题：1 Which poem is not written by Freneau?A The British Prison Ship B The Wild Honey Suckle C The Indian Burying Ground D The Flood of Years 2 Thomas Jefferson attitude ,that is , a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period

45、we now call.A Age of Evolution B Age of ReasonC Age of Romanticism D Age of Regionalism3 Which of the following is NOT one part of the Leath er Stocking Tales by Cooper?A The Spy B The Pathfinder C The Pioneers D The DeerslayerWhich statement about Thoreau is NOT right?A He was a lover of nature.B H

46、e was particular kind of romantic.C He was polemicist.D He was a thorough transcendentalist.Which of the following has been called “ thmanifes to of American Transcendentalism ?A Divinity School Address B Self-relianceC Nature D The American ScholarAs a philosophical and literary movement,flo urishe

47、d in New England from the 1830s to the Civil W ar.A sentimentalism B transcendentalism C modernismD rationalismThe period before the American Civil War is general ly referred to as .A the Modern Period B the Realistic PeriodC the Romantic Period D the Naturalist PeriodAll the following are the works

48、 by Nathaniel Hawth orne EXCEPT.A The Marble Faun B TypeeC The Scarlet Letter D Mosses from an Old ManseWhich of the following is not a work of Emily Dicks on s?A I Heard a Fly Buzz when I Died.B The RavenC This is My Letter to the World.D I Like to See it Lap the Miles.Whitman poems are characteriz

49、ed by all the follo wing features EXCEPT .A the strict poetic formB the free and natural rhythmC the easy flow of feelingsD the simple and conversational language练习题答案及题解：D,似水流年是布莱恩特的作品。其他全为弗 伦诺的作品。2 B,理性时代”。3 A, The Spy不属于皮靴子系列。4 C,梭罗崇尚自然生活简单，与世无争，不入尘嚣。5 C,超验主义的宣言是 Nature 一书的发表。6 B, 19世纪30年代到内战期间是超

50、验主义，以爱 默生等为代表。7 C,内战前是浪漫主义。8 B, Typee是Herman Melville 的作品，其他全为霍 桑的。9 B, The Raven大乌鸦是艾伦 旗的作品。其他 全为艾米莉的。10 A,惠特曼的诗自由、清新、琅琅上口、易于理解, 但并不是按照严格的格律来写。英国内战(1642-1646)1.On August 22, 1642, the First Civil War began. The king s men were called Cavaliers, and the supporters of Parliament were called Roundhead

51、s.1642.8.22,第一次内战爆发，支持国王者被成为骑士派”，支持议会者被成为圆颅派”。2.Charles was tried by a High Court of Justice, found guilty of have levied war against his kingdom and the Parliament, condemned to death, and executed on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House at Whitehall on January 30, 1649.查尔斯在一级高级法院受审，犯有对王国和议会发 动战

52、争之罪，被判死刑，并于 1649.1.30在宴会宫 窗外的绞刑架上绞死。1.is the core of the English Government.A the Sovereign B the House of Lords C the House of Commons D the CabinetMelbourne is locatedA in Canada B in New Zealand C in Ireland D in Australiaforced Nixon to resign in 1973.A The Watergate Scandal B The Iran-Gate Scan

53、dal C The Un-American Activities Committee D The New RightThe young people in the post-WWI era are referredA the Boom Generation B the Lost GenerationC the Yuppies D the Cowboyswas greatly influenced by Chinese andJapanese poetry.A Ezra Pound B Walt Whitman C Robert Frost D Edgar Allan PoeWhich of t

54、he following novels was NOT written by Charles Dickens?A David Copperfield B The Pickwick PapersC Oliver Twist D Women in LoveA myth is a tale originally with religioussignificance that explains the actions of gods or heroes, the causes of natural phenomena or both.A non-fictional B fictional C goth

55、ic D poeticThe force of a/an act is identical with the speaker s intention.A illocutionary B locutionary C perlocutionary D prelocutionarySaussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as A parole B language C system D langueThe noun tear and the verb tear A homophones B homographs

56、C complete homonymsD allophones答案DDABA DBADBWhat country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf ?A United States of AmericaB United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandC New ZealandD CanadaThe national anthem of Canada isA Canada The Beautiful B O Canada C God DefendCanada D Advance Canada Fair

57、The capital city of Canada isA Montreal B Toronto C Albert D OttawaAccording to the Official Language of Act of Canada, there are two official language in this country: they areA English and Spanish B English and Portuguese C English and French D English and Celtic5Canada is a world producer of nick

58、el, zinc, andasbestos A primary B second C third D fourthThe highest peak in Canada is, which is the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.A Mount Lawrence B Mount Superior C Mount Logan D Mount HuronSt. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by bothA America and Mexico B America and Canada C America

59、and Cuba D America and BrazilApart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded asthe largest city in the world, known as“ Paris thSecond.A Spanish-speaking B Portuguese-speaking C German-speaking D French-speaking9, the third largest city in Canada, is well knownas Ice-Free Harbor.A Montreal B Quebec C Toronto D Vancouver 10.Canada is the world s country in terms of landarea.A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth aitergest.D加拿大国树为枫树，期国徽和国旗上都有枫叶 的图案，因此长期以来枫叶被视作加拿大的象征。.B加拿大国歌是啊！加拿大。.D加拿大首都是渥太华，位于安大略省东南部与 魁北克省交界处，是加拿大的经济政治中心，同时 也是加拿大的文