优化日粮的“蛋白(赖氨酸)能比”来降低猪饲养成本

1、优化日粮的“蛋白(赖氨酸)能比”来降低猪饲养成本 Optimize Dietary Protein (Lysine)-to-Energy Ratio to Reduce Feeding Cost for Swine Farms Yong J. Cai, Ph.D.Director of Animal Nutrition - AsiaADM Specialty Feed Ingredients DivisionSHANGHAIyjcai今日要点 Todays Focus序言 Introduction最适日粮的“蛋-能”水平控制猪肉生长在非“玉米-豆粕型”日粮配方中净能NE尤比代谢能ME更实用按猪

2、不同生长阶段设置日粮赖氨酸需要量的重要性大众原料价位不断攀高时降低日粮配方成本的示例重视饲养猪日采食量变化的影响小结 Take home message(From USDA May 2008 Rept)世界原材料和食品价格的上升 玉米价格不断攀高、食品价格走向如何饲养动物的成本评估“料肉比” 氨基酸不足Amino Acid Deficient氨基酸适量Amino Acid Adequate猪生长性能的主要测定指标是体蛋白沉积能力Capacity for Protein Deposition is the Major Determinant of Growth Performance1. 氨基酸

3、和能量是最昂貴的營養元素。它們共同控制體蛋白最大沉積效力2. 分期飼喂均需要精確的營養指數: 賴氨酸適量、能量合理、營養素間量比理想 (Info courtesy of Dr. Gary Allee, Univ of Missouri-Columbia, USA)最适日粮的能量水平控制饲养动物体蛋白的储沉效率Optimum dietary energy levels control the body protein deposition even under the best balance of amino acids 0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00.01.02.0

4、3.04.05.06.0Nitrogen Retention, gkg-1BW.75d-1Apparent Digestible N Intake, gkg-1BW.75d-1Figure 2. Estimation of the amount of apparent digestible N intake(R, gkg-1BW.75d-1) needed to maximize N retention (L, gkg-1BW.75d-1) and the relative efficiency (U, V) of utilization of digestible N for body N

5、accretion at digestible N intakes below and above R, respectively. n=190 observations.RLUV体蛋白贮成并不与摄食蛋白量成正比(From ISU Swine Report 2001)(From Miller 2002)体蛋白贮量取决于食物蛋白和能量的摄取食物蛋白/赖氨酸-能量之间的相关性猪对食物能的利用模式 主要营养素的能值及在猪体内的转换率（CVB，1997） _营养物 能值 净能 效率 MJ/kg MJ/kg （%）_蛋白质 23.6 10.8 46脂肪 39.3 36.1 92淀粉（可酶解） 17.5

6、13.5 77非淀粉多糖（酵解) 17.5 9.5 54淀粉(可酵解) 17.5 9.5 54_(From Noblet 2001)饲养猪对食物能利用的差异 按消化能或代谢能和其他营养成分的含量对饲料净能值的计算公式 几种主要原料的能值Energy Values (kcal/kg) Selected IngredientsIngredDEMENENE:ME玉米 Corn高粱 Sorghum豆粕 SBM菜粕 Canola meal麦麸 Wheat midds3,5253,3803,6852,8853,0753,4203,3403,3802,6403,0252,3952,2552,0201,610

7、1,5600.700.680.600.610.52(From Pettigrew et al. 2008)饲用油脂的特性和能量水平 能量模式应用的比较 (From KSU Swine Nutr Guide 2007)母猪维持体重对代谢能的需求 日粮蛋白水平对生长猪能量平衡和应用的影响 日粮蛋白水平变化對猪氮排泄的影響Effect of Reducing Dietary CP on Pig Performance (From Canh et al. 1998)食物蛋白水平 (%)氮吸收 (g/d) 61.5 54.4 46.5氮排泄 (g/d) 37.9 31.8 24.5氮利用率 (%) 38

8、 42 47日粮蛋白水平在29C对猪日增重的影响 (in % of ADG at 22C, Le Bellego et al. 2000)(From Usry 2000)测试猪日粮能量和赖氨酸组成的设计 (From Noblet 2001)食物能水平对饲养猪胴体的影响 在恒定赖氨酸-DE比值条件下增加日粮能量水平对断奶仔猪生长表现的影响 (From Rademacher 2003)净能在最低成本配方中的效益 美国养猪业发展的近期想法Current Thoughts in U.S. Swine Industry按生长阶段来决定赖氨酸的需求 Evaluate the Lysine (amino a

9、cids) requirement at by stages of growth用可消化氨基酸水平配方 Formulate diets on digestible amino acids定好四种主要氨基酸的理想比率 Ideal Ratio relative to lysine for Grow/Finish赖 Lysine = 100苏Threonine = 62 - 65色Tryptophan = 16 - 18含硫 Met + Cys = 56 - 62生长肥育猪的理想蛋白模式-生理活动Ideal Amino Acid Ratios for Grow-Finish Pigs1Protein

10、 AccretionMaintenanceAANRC (98)Heger et al.(02/03)NRC (98)Heger et al. (02/ 03)赖 Lysine100100100100苏 Threonine6058151126含硫 SAA5546123118色Tryptophan18152641颉Valine68696759异亮 Isoleucine5456(60)27546(57)21TID basis; 2Baker (05) value(Info courtesy of Dr. David Baker, Univ of IL, USA)美国NRC推荐猪赖氨酸需要量的变化Ch

11、anges in Lys Requirements Recommended by NRC for Pigs 生长猪对日粮赖氨酸需要量的模式Dietary Lysine Requirements of Growing Pigs(From Haffner et al. 2000)(From KSU Swine Nutr Guide 2007)仔猪对赖氨酸需要量的推荐水平 高瘦肉型豬的生長受日糧賴氨酸水平變化的影響Hi-Lean Pigs Growth Is Greatly Affected by Dietary Lys Levels低蛋白日粮添加赖氨酸后的猪增重和氮排泄Effect of Amin

12、o Acid Supply on Daily BW Gain and N-Excretion(From Haffner et al. 2000)(From 东方艾格玉米月报, Oct 2007)近三年来中国玉米的市场价格变化(Corn prices increased by 31% in the recent three years)今年来中国豆粕的市场价格变化(SBM prices increased by 55% this year)飼料配方的一般組成(示意)蛋白質和能量原料 95-98% 蛋白以豆粕為參考 能量以玉米為參考 預混料 1-3% 維生素 微量元素其它添加物 1-2%累计总和至

13、 100%几种主要原料的相对营养价值Feedstuff饲料原料CP%粗蛋白ME%Corn相对玉米dig.Lys%SBM相对豆粕赖玉米 Corn大麦 Barley小麦 Wheat稻糠 Rice bran麦麸 Wheat bran豆粕 SBM豌豆 Pea全脂大豆 FFSBM棉粕 CSM菜粕 RSM植物油 Veg.Oil9.010.812.314.115.546.721.435.740.134.401009197915797971166671 242811112018100497136510(Based on Feedstuffs 2006)Amino Acids Protect Natural R

14、esources:More Grains, Less SBM 多谷物少豆粕(Hagemann et al. 1999)育肥猪 Finishing pigs, 27-110 kgDiet CP 食物蛋白 高 High 中 Me低 LowGrain 谷物类 % 76 82 87 SBM 豆粕 % 15 13 10AAs 添加氨基酸 0 + +FCR (kg 饲料feed/kg 体重 BW)Kg 蛋白protein/kg 体重 BW例：中猪配方（欧洲）Ingredient% 小麦 Wheat大麦 Barley豌豆 Peas玉米蛋白粉 CGM豆粕 SBM 44%豆油 Soy oil预混料 Premix

15、赖氨酸 L-Lys-HCl蛋氨酸 DL-Met色氨酸 L-Trp总计 TOTAL47.0023.9810.007.006.003.002.500.450.050.02100.00 Main nutrient ME, kcal/kg CP, % Amino acid % Lys Thr Met+Cys 3,25016.40.910.520.53Formulating on an Ideal Amino Acid Basis IngredientC-SBMC-SBM-CanolaC-SBM-PeasC-SBM-DDGSC-SBM-SDBCCorn63.6057.8555.1458.2564.02S

16、BM27.9919.1226.1927.9723.09Dried whey2.502.502.502.502.50Canola meal-15.00-Canadian field peas-10.00-Distillers dr. grains-5.00-Sp. dried blood cells-4.21Other5.505.155.845.926.08AA SupplementationL-Lys.26.32.18.25.02L-Thr.07.05.06.05-DL-Met.08.01.09.06.08CP, %19.2919.9019.7920.0820.62tidLys = 1.12,

17、 Ile:Lys = .58, SAA:Lys = .57, Thr:Lys = .61, Trp:Lys = .165, Val:Lys = .68, Ca = .74%, Pa = .44%, ME = 3375 kcal/kg(From Kerr 2006)按理想蛋白配方示例 例：猪浓缩料的使用推荐配比 对照 选-1 选-2 选-3 选-4093535.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 玉米65.00 60.00 55.00 55.00 52.00 小麦5.00 10.00 8.00 12.00 碎米小麦麸米糠脱皮豆粕2.00 1.00 成本（元/吨）3380.00

18、3365.00 3350.00 3370.00 3351.00 标准配方1配方2配方3配方4玉米68.865625957大麦1015小麦1013麦麸15.1米糠9121512脱皮豆粕12.110755菜粕25血粉1豌豆3胡豆7010330444444例：猪预混料的使用你应该知道的事实The Facts You Should Know 动物与人一样，日摄食满足维持生命对能量的需求Animals, like humans, eat to satisfy energy needs for life.日粮能量浓度的正确与否直接影响到采食量的大小The energy density in feeds directly affects feed intake in animals.Feed Intake in Relation to Body Wt of Pigs日採食量受豬体重的影響(5-120 kg) (NRC 1998)Daily Feed intake, (kg) 日采食量估計平均採食量 (箭頭示) 环境温度变化对猪自由采食量的影响(数据引自 NRC 1987) 仔猪断奶后采食量的