第十一连词和状语从句

1、十一、连词和状语从句状语从句是高考的热点之一。状语从句又称为副词性从句，包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句等。要求考生要充分理解和掌握状语从句的用法。考查的重点集中在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和目的状语从句。试题的设置呈现综合性和交叉性，往往与定语从句和名词性从句结合起来考查，尤其对于不同性质的连词，要注意其在不同的语境中所表示的不同意义，正确地把握题干的语境意义和上下文的逻辑关系，是做好状语从句试题的关键所在。 同时我们也要善于区分容易混淆的近似连词的用法。由此可见，对状语从句的考查在将来的高考中仍是重头戏。因此

2、，在平常的学习中，理解、区分、掌握引导状语从句的关联词，搞清主从句的语意及逻辑关系，是做好状语从句题的关键所在。考点一 时间状语从句1when，while和as(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。当when引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的

3、主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引出的省略句，来代替when引出的从句。例如：As a young man(When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时，喜欢打猎。(2)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，别高声谈话。While I was wodering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.正当我对此不解时，我们校长就座了

4、。(3)as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生，如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙跑回去，一边走一边回头看。John sings as he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。(4)when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and this/that time常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something when.Somebody was about to/going to do something when.Somebody had just done somethin

5、g when.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时有人破门而入。We were about to set off on our way, when it suddenly began to rain.我们正要动身，这时突然开始下雨了。此外还表示原因“既然”，如：It was foolish of you to take a text when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你能够五分钟内轻易地步行去那儿，你乘出租车去真是太愚蠢了。(5)while作为并列

6、连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music, while I am food of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。(6)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when与while可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我沿着街道走的时候，遇到了一位老朋友。2as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, no

7、 sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when. once(一且就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态，如：Once you remember it, youll never forget it.一旦你记住了它，将永远不会忘记。The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到声音，就知道父亲来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站

8、，火车就走了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.一看到他的母亲，男孩突然大哭。注意：no sooner.than；hardly/scarcely.when.这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装程序。如：I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got

9、home when it began to rain.我一到家，就开始下雨了。3till, until和not.until(1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某点时间才停止”。如：He remained there until she arrived.他一直留到她来。You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里呆到雨停。(2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed till (until) she returns

10、.直到她回来，他才睡。(3)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。(4)not.until 句型中的强调和倒装说法It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not until you tole me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首主句要倒装)4before和since若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才”“趁还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：We h

11、ad sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。before从句中谓语不用否定式，又如：Before they reached the station,

12、the train had gone.他们(还没)到火车站前，火车已开走了。(1)It will be 一段时间before从句 “多久之后才”It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我就会回来。It wont be long before we meet again.不久我们会再相见的。从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：I have written home four times since I came here.

13、自从我到这儿来，我往家里写了四封信。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她毕业后在这工厂工作四年了。(2)在It is时间since从句句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起，如：It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来，有三年了。It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住已有

14、三年了。It is three years since I (have) smoked a cigar.(since I stopped smoking a cigar)我不吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了。”应是：It is three years since I began to smoke.5every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语，表示“每当每次，下次”。如：The last time she saw James, he was lying in b

15、ed.她最后一次看到詹姆士时，他躺在床上。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.他想回来随时可回来。考点二 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where, wherever。指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。如：Where there is will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke，there is fire.无火不生烟。(即无风不起浪。)注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。Youd better make a ma

16、rk where you have any questions.(状语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一个标记。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)你最好在你有问题的地方做一个标记。考点三 原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同。如：We were glad because we had you with us.我们因为有你在而高兴。Now that/S

17、ince everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然每个人都来了，让我们开始会议吧。2其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of；thanks to；due to；owing to等。考点四 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。1in order that与so that两个连词都意为“以便，为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导

18、的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如：In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the pack carly.为了我们能看到日出，我们很早动身出发去山峰。2for fear that, in case与lest这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that.not.或in order that.not.如：Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带把雨伞，以防下雨。考点五 结果状

19、语从句1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so.that.，such.that.，在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子that可以省略，注意其结构形式：so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an可数名词单数形式that从句somany/much/few/little名词that从句sucha/an形容词可数名词单数形式that从句such形容词复数名词形式/不可数名词that从句sucha lot of/lots of名词that从句如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.M

20、ike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，我们都喜欢他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.如此好的天气，我都想去公园。He made so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣如此少的钱以至于他不能养家糊口。试比较：It is not surprising that such little worms cat so little grain.这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷

21、物并不令人感到惊讶。Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.汤姆学习很用功，结果考试及格了。注意：当so，such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明的学生，能做出所有难题。2除结果状语从句外，too.to.(太而不能)，enough to.(达到某种程度可以)，so.as to(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：He didnt get up ca

22、rly enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚，错过了汽车。考点六 条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(if not)，so (as) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided that等。如：Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(if you dont study ha

23、rd)你要努力学习，否则会不及格。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要不失去信心，你终会成功的。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假若他们拒绝我们，我们向谁求助？考点七 方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you ar

24、e told to, or youll be fired.按你被告知的那样去做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老妇对待这位男孩似乎他是她自己的儿子。考点八 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：1although/though，even though/even ifalthough与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of mon

25、ey.尽管有许多钱，他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.尽管下着大雨，然而他们继续在踢足球。注意：还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：He said he would come. He didnt though.他说他会来，可是他没有来。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.(陈述语气)即使正在下雨，我们也将去那儿。Even if I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)即使我很忙，我还是要去。2

26、as引导让步状语从句须倒装as从句一般放在主句之前，须用倒装语序。从句中的表语/状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。Much as I like it, I wont buy it. For its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。3whether.or.；疑问句ever与no matter疑问词。如：Whether you bel

27、ieve it or not, it is true.不论你是否相信，它都是真的。Whatever(No matter what)you say, he wont believe you.无论你说什么，他都不相信你。Whoever you are(No matter who you are)，you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，你必须遵守规则。注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你可以带走你喜欢的任何东西。考点九 比较状语从

28、句比较状语从句常用than，so(as).as，the more.the more等引导。I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯的错误比你犯的多得多。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙，就感到越幸福。考点十 状语从句中的省略现象1时间状语从句中常见的省略形式：Dont speak until spoken to.有人对你说话时你才说。Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看见，它便不会被忘记。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。Pressure can be reduced when needed.必要时压力可减。I prefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点。He was a swimmer when a child.他小时候就是一个游泳运动员。As a young man