人教版(新教材)高中英语选修1Unit 1 People of Achievement学案1：Grammar

1、Unit 1 People of AchievementGrammarDiscovering Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句基本概念非限制性定语从句跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是做一些附加说明,不起限制作用，这类 从句往往用逗号与主句分开。John, who sells ancient vases, is an old friend of my fathers.卖古代花瓶的约翰是我父亲的一位老朋友。We walked down the village street, which led to the temple.我们沿着村子的大街走去，大街通向庙宇

2、。有时这类从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通常用逗号与主句 分开。He bought his mother a painting for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.他买了一幅画作为生日礼物送给母亲，这使她非常高兴。They are coming back to us, which means that they have got the copper sword.他们要回到我们这儿来了,这意味着他们得到了铜剑。二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与

3、其先行词之间一般有逗 号隔开。She heard a terrible noise coming from the ancient tower, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到古塔里面传来一个可怕的声音，这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。I will never forget the days which we spent together visiting the Summer Palace.我永远不会忘记我们一起参观颐和园的那些日子。意义不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，如果去掉从句,剩余的局部意思往往不完整，甚至 失去意义;非限制性

4、定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如去掉，句子剩余局部意思仍然完整。 We will never forget the happy days when we rebuilt the wooden tower.我们永远忘不了我们重修木塔的那段快乐日子。His sister, who works in an antique shop, is coming to see him tomon,ow.他在古董店工作的姐姐明天来看他。(3)翻译不同翻译限制性定语从句时，一般先翻译从句，后翻译先行词;翻译非限制性定语从句时，一般先翻译先行词，后翻译从句，形成两个并列分句或其他类型的分句。I have a so

5、n who is now studying in the USA.我有一个现在在美国学习的儿子。(可能还有儿子 在别处)I have a son, who is now studying archaeology in the university.我有一个儿子，他现在在大学学习考古学。(含有“我只有一个儿子”之意)She is going to spend the holiday in Macao, where she will visit some places of interest.她要到澳门去度假,在那里她将游览几处名胜。(4)先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词;非

6、限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是 house)迈克卖掉了从他父亲手里传下来的老房子。Mike sold the old house, which made his father very angry.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子,即:卖 房子这件事)迈克把老房子卖了，这使得他的父亲很生气。(5)引导词不同能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句。但请注意:that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。K 误 U They look v

7、ery happy, that means that they have won the match.K 正 I They look very happy, which means that they have won the match.他们看上去很高兴,这意味着他们赢得了比赛。(6)省略不同引导限制性定语从句的引导词，在从句中作宾语时，在口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。Having a black hat on, Chaplin carried a stick, which he used to swing in the air.卓别林戴着黑帽子，拿着手杖，这手杖常

8、常在空中挥舞。The stick (which/that) Chaplin used to swing in the air is now kept in the museum. 卓别林常常在空中挥舞的手杖现在保存在博物馆里了。三、非限制性定语从句考前须知.非限制性定语从句不能用关系副词why引导，要用for which代替whyI had told the manager the reason, for which I didn*t attend the meeting.我已经把理由告诉了经 理，为此我没有去开会。I had told the manager the reason why I

9、 didnt attend the meeting.我告诉了经理我不去开会的理 由。（限制性性定语从句）2,非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位 置比拟灵活，可以放主句前，句中,也可以放主句后;as是“正如”之意，which”是“这,那 之意。As you expected, he didnt believe me.正如你所预料的，他不相信我。He heard a terrible noise, which brought his heart into his mouth.他听到一个可怕的声音，这让他的心都提到嗓子眼了。3,非限制性定语从句由“介

10、词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。He bought the car for more than $30,000, with which his mother was angry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他母亲对此很生气。There was nobody in the street, to whom she could turn for help.街上没有一个她能寻求帮助的人。练习用适当的关系词填空l.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551

11、to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.2.She was taking the food to the refugee camp, she distributed it to children.3.1n their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house.4.He bought the car for more than $20,000,withhis fathe

12、r was angry.prefer to work in black and white, allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.Nowadays,it is common to see people st

13、aring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book, about many experts are worried.Chinalbday attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.10.lt was built in a year, seems absolutely incredible.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere, his employees enjoy their work.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.T