局部解剖学课件：Cranium 颅部

1、Cranium 颅部Calvaria 颅顶Frontoparietooccipital region 额顶枕区Temporal region 颞区Base of skull 颅底Cranial cavity 颅腔Frontoparietooccipital region 额顶枕区BoundariesAnteriorsupraorbital marginPosteriorexternal occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lineLateralsuperior temporal lineLayers of frontoparietooccipi

2、tal regionConsists of five layers Skin 皮肤Superficial fascia 浅筋膜 Epicranial aponeurosis and occipitofrontalis 帽状腱膜及枕额肌Subaponeurotic loose connective tissue(space)腱膜下疏松结缔组织(间隙)Pericranium 颅骨外膜 The superficial 3 layer are closely knit together, called scalp 头皮1. Skin 皮肤 thick and hair bearing and cont

3、ains numerous sebaceous glands 皮厚、腺多、血运丰富2. The superficial fascia 浅筋膜 Dense connective tissue that binds the skin to the underlying epicranial aponeurosis The vasculature of the scalp runs primarily in this layer. It is rich and widely anastomosis.Wounds of the scalp bleed profusely but heal well.a

4、. v. and n. in superficial fasciaAnterior groupSupratrochlear a. v. n. 滑车上动、静脉和神经Supraorbital a. v. n. 眶上动、静脉和神经Posterior groupOccipital a. v. 枕动、静脉Greater occipital n. 枕大神经3. Epicranial aponeurosis and occipitofrontalis 帽状腱膜和枕额肌It is interposed between the frontalis and occipitalis portions of the

5、occipitofrontalis muscle.These muscles place the aponeurosis under tension so that deep transverse lacerations of the scalp gape widely 坚韧致密，前连额腹，后连枕腹，1、2、3层，合称头皮4. Subaponeurotic loose connective tissue(space)腱膜下疏松结缔组织(间隙)Contains a rich network of deep arteries and veins. Therefore, this layer has

6、 been called the “dangerous area”. Infection may spread to the substance of the bones, to venous channels within the cranial cavity, or to the brain.5. Pericranium 颅骨外膜Fuses firmly with bone at the sutures and with the periosteum of the adjacent bone, thus limiting the subperiosteal space.薄而致密，易于颅骨分

7、离，如有血肿，与骨一致Temporal region 颞区Boundaries Superiorsuperior temporal lineInferiorsuperior border of zygomatic archAnteriorthe junction of frontal and zygomatic bonesPosteriorposterior portion of superior temporal lineLayers of temporal regionConsists of five layers: Skin 皮肤Superficial fascia 浅筋膜 Tempor

8、al fascia 颞筋膜Temporalis 颞肌Pericranium 颅骨外膜Superficial fascia 浅筋膜Anterior auricular groupSuperficial temporal a. & v. 颞浅动、静脉Auriculotemporal n. 耳颞神经Posterior auricular group Posterior auricular a. & v. 耳后动、静脉Lesser occipital n. 枕小神经Temporal fascia 颞筋膜Two layersAttached above to the superior temporal

9、line and below to the superior border of the aygomatic archTemporalis 颞肌Periosteum 骨膜 thin and strongly adherent to the temporal boneHypophysis and hypophyseal fossa 垂体与垂体窝Shape and positionPea-sized organ, attached by infundibulum to hypothalamus, lies in hypophysial fossaConsists of two parts:Aden

10、ohypophysisNeurohypophysis Coronal sectionRelationshipAnteriortuberculum sellae Posteriordorsum sellaeAnterolateralyoptic canalAbovediaphragm sellae, optic chiasma and optic nerve Laterallycavernous sinusBelowsphenoid sinus Cavernous sinus 海绵窦Position: lies on each side of sella turcicaTraversing th

11、e cavernous sinusinternal carotid artery 颈内动脉abducent nerve 展神经Traversing the lateral wall of the cavernous sinusoculomotor nerve 动眼神经trochlear nerve 滑车神经ophthalmic nerve 眼神经maxillary nerve 上颌神经Tentorium cerebelli 小脑幕Communications between extracranial and intracranial veins Facial vein 面静脉 connections with cavernous sinus 海绵窦 through ophthalmic vein 眼静脉pteygoid veous plexus 翼静脉丛 via the deep facial vein 面深静脉Parietal emissary v. 顶导静脉穿过顶孔，连接颞浅静脉与上矢状窦Mastoid emissary v.乳突导静脉穿过乳突孔，连接枕静脉与乙状窦condylar emissary v. 髁导静脉穿过髁管，连接枕下静脉丛与乙状窦Frontal emissary