情态动词及虚拟语气课件

1、情态动词及虚拟语气 Brazil has become one of the developed worlds great successes 1at reduce population-growthbut more by accident than design. 2while countries such as India have made great effort reduce birth 3rates, Brazil has had better result without real trying, 4says George Martine at Harvard. 5 Brazil

2、s population growth speed has dropped from 2.99% 6a year between 1951 and 1960 by 1.93% a year between 1981 and 71990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children at average. 8Martine says this figure may have fallen much more further since 91990 an achievement that make it the envy of many other

3、 Third 10World Countries.devdelopeddevelopingreducedreducingeffort torealreally speedrateatonmore makemakesbyto条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气常见用法The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.Fact!The weatherman forecasted no rain for tomorrow;

4、but if it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.虚拟语气在条件状语从句的运用条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did（were）had donewould/should/could/might +v.（原）would/should/could/might +have+p.p.would/should/could/might +v.（原）didshould +v.were to do 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1. 非真实条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气,也称为

5、混合虚拟。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 如果你开车时不是太快，现在你就不会在医院了。 If you hadnt driven too fast , you wouldnt be in hospital now.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可 以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If you hadnt broken the rule, you wouldnt be in troubles now.Ha

6、d you not broken the rule, you wouldnt be in trouble now.If it should rain tomorrow, what should we do?Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do?_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I _ for your advice, I wouldnt have succeeded.If it were not B. Had

7、it not beenC. Were it not for D. If it is not forCB现在：过去：未来：did（were）had donewould/could/might+v. shouldI wish I were a bird now.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake yesterday.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us later. （将来）wish二、wish的宾语从句三、 as if /though + Clause ( 表语，状语) 现在：过去：将来：didhad don

8、ewould/could/might+v.He looked as if he were an artist.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in EnglandEven if he were here , he could not solve the problem. 四、with/without、otherwise 、 but for和 only for引导的短语，以及分词短语、独立主格结构、不定式表示虚拟条件, “要不是”，若能用if条件句改写，谓语动词要按主句在现在、过去、将来的虚拟语气形式处理。Wi

9、thout sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for you advice, I wouldnt have finished the work on time.=If there were no sunlight, = If I hadnt accepted your advice, 五、虚拟语气用于宾语从句，使用(should) do 句型1)一个“坚持”： insist; 两个“命令”：order, command; 三个“建议”：suggest, recommend, propose; 四个“要求”：requ

10、est, require, demand, desire六、虚拟语气用于主语从句。 在a pity, no wonder, strange, necessary , natural, impossible, important后面 that引导的主语从句中用“ (should+)动词原形”表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等It is necessary/important/natural/strange that we should clearn the room every day. It was a pity/no wonder that you should be so careless

11、.七、虚拟语气用于名词的同位语从句、表语从句。在名词advice, demand, plan, order, request, suggestion 后面的同位语从句或表语从句中谓语动词用“(should+) do”的虚拟语气形式。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. My order is that nobody should get here later than 8:00 tomorrow morning. 八、虚拟语气用于it is (high/about) tim

12、e后面的that从句中，谓语动词用过去式（were）或“+ should动词原形” （ should不能省）来表示意为“现在该”。 It is (high) time we left /should leave. It is about time he were going. 九、在would rather 后面的that从句中表示与现或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用一般进去时；表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用进去完成时。I would rather we were at home now.I would rather we you came tomorrow.I would rather not

13、hing had happened. 1) The children asked their parents whether they could go for a swim after class. A. 征询对方许可 B. 能力 C. 可能性 D. 惊异 2) This must be the dictionary you want. A 许可 B 可能性 C 推测 D 义务 3) If he started at nine, he ought to be here now. A. 推测 B. 可能性 C. 假设 D. 客观需要 4) You should have been here f

14、ive minutes ago. A. 劝告 B. 建议 C. 责备 D. 命令5) Shall I open the window? A. 征求对方意见 B. 建议 C. 允诺 D. 将来时6) Its Sunday. He cant have gone to school. A. 不能够 B. 可能不 C. 不许可 D. 不可能ACACAD 7) There would be pleasant smile on Marys face as soon as she saw me . A. 意愿 B. 进去将来时 C. 意志 D. 进去习惯性 8) You say you will not d

15、o it, but I say you shall do it. A 将来时 B 强制 C 允诺 D 请求指示 DB1) Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. (C1) A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 2) Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the personnel Department. - Ah, good morning . You _ be Mrs. Peter. A. migh

16、t B. must C. would D. can (BJ)3) The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop , things would be much better now! And my vegetables _ . (BJ) A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died ABD 4) Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived

17、half ah hour early. (TJ) A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt5) John went to the hospital alone. - If he _ me about it , I would have gone with him. (TJ) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 6) Jack described his father, who_ a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man. (AF) A. wou

18、ld be B. would have been C. must be D. must have beenADD 7) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . (ZJ) A. would have been saved B. was saved C. had been saved D. will be saved8) “ You _ have a wrong number,” She said. “Theres no one of that name here.” (ZJ) A.

19、 need B. can C. must D. would 9) Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (FJ) A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 10) Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. (LN) A. can B. will C.