阅读高阶2012真题年讲解text

1、词汇plexitynU2.misconceptionn C复杂性；错综复杂的状态误解；错误的想法合逻辑；合理规律性；规则性；经常性审阅；持续不断的；不间断的认可；承认；确认；引述；引证3.logicality 4.regularity 5.inspection 6.persistent7.recognitionn Un Un UadjnU8.quotev T9.inspire v 10.idealized 11.objective 12.ambiguous14.priorTadj adj adj adj赋予灵感；启示；启迪理想化的；完美的客观的；如实的；无偏见的含糊不清的；不明确的(时间、顺序

2、、重要性)在先的，后来的；随后的n C,U误解的15.subsequentadj16.misreion17.self-deception 18.aboundv I19.claimn CnU自欺大量存在声称；主张；断言复杂的；费解的原科学立界标(以表明所采矿；矿业plicated 20.protoscience21.stakev TadjnU)；(对某物)拥有所22.miningn U 23.collectiveadj 24.scrutinyn C，U25.credibilityn U集体完成(或进行)的；集体的详细；仔细观察性；可靠性、同种族、同职业或其他具有共同特征的人组成的)团体；界称赞；

3、赏识；表扬munity27.creditn 28.reviewernCUn C(由同复查者；审核人panyingadj伴随的；陪伴的；和一起发生的30.31.eractionnUnC，U相互影响；相互作用对抗(论据、主张、理论等)相互petingadj的33.paradoxnC自相的说法prevailingadjduplicationnU现存的；存在的；重复证实；证明令人信服的修改；更改驳斥；反驳 激起；引起生理学家；生理学研究者新奇的；新颖的；新的认识到的全部价值；重视36.confirmation37.convincingadjnU38.modificationnU39.refuionnU

4、40.provokev T41.physiologist42.noveladjnC43.appretevT44.philosopher45.revisevTnC哲学家；家更正；修改；修正观点；想法；看法；认识执行；实施；相当于；符合46.conception 47.carry out 48.correspondself_checkText 3nUtohe idealized verobserved and collectedof how science is done, factsaboutthe world are waiting to bebyobjective researchers w

5、ho use the scientific method to carry out theirwork .But complicatedexperience.he everydayroute. We aimpractice of science, discoveryto be objective, but we cannotfrequently followsan ofweambiguous and our unique lifethink ourescthe contextPrior knowledge anderest influence whatxperience, whatexperi

6、enmean, and the subsequent actions we take, opportunities for miserror, and self-deception abound.reion,Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as proto scienimilar tly stakedmining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance totransform a discover

7、y claimo a mature discovery. This is the credibility pros, throughwhich the individual researchers me, here, nowes the communitys anyone ,anywhere,anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting po.Once a discovery claimes public, the discoverer receivesellectual credit. But, unlikewith m

8、ining claims, the community takes control of whappensnext. Withheand newcomplex sol reviewer finding to suitthe newstructure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries, editorsas gatekeepers their own pur discovery and community, thescience and thecontrolling the publication pros; oth

9、er scientists use thees; and finally, the public (including other scientist) receivessibly eractiontechnologypanying andinvolvedtechnology. As a discovery claim works it through thebetn shared andtransforms an individualscompeting befs about thediscovery claimo thecommunitys credible discovery.Two p

10、aradoxes exist throughout thiscredibility pros.,scientific work tends to focuson some aspect of prevailing knowledget is viewed asplete or incorrect. Little rewardpanies duplication and confirmation of what isalreadyknown andconfirmation of what is surprising, newly important and convincingion by fu

11、ture researchers,already known and beved. The goal is new-search,not research. Nott appear to bepublished discovery claims and credible discoverieswill always be open to challenge and potential modification or refuSecond, novelty itself frequently provokes disbef .Nobel Laureate and physiologist Alb

12、ertSzent-Gyyi once described discovery as seeing what everybody has seen and thinking whatnobody has thought andling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreted.he end, credibility “happens” to a di

13、scovery claima prost corresponds to whatphilosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind, We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each others reasoning and each others conceptions of reason.重点review经典句式分析1.he idealized verof how science isdone, facts about the world are

14、researchers who use the scientificwaiting to be observed and collected by objectivemethod to carry out their work.2.As a discovery claim works its way throughthe community, theeraction andabout the science and the technologybetn shared and competing befsinvolved transforms an individuals discovery c

15、laimo the communitys credible discovery.3.Not surprisingly, newly published discovery, claims and credible discoveriest appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potentialmodification or refuion by future researchers.4.he end, credibility happens to a discovery claim

16、a prostof the mind.corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons参考译文全文参考译文科学研究的理想形式是，用科学的方法进行研究的客观研究者观察并收集关于的事实。然而，在现实的科学实践学发现的过程通常是含糊而复杂的。期望能做到客观公正，但是无法摆脱独特的生活经历带来的影响。原有的知识和会影响的经历，会影响对经历的理解以及随后采取的行动。这里可能存在大量的误解、错误和自欺。因此，科学发现应该被认为是原科学。类似于新的采矿权，科学发现也充满了各种可能性。但一项科学发现要变为成科学

17、发现，需要集体的详细和认可。这就是性的证实过程，在这个过程中，单个研究者的“我”、“这里”和“现在”变成了科学界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何时间”。客观的知识是目标，而不是起点。一旦科学发现被公开，知识成果被归功于发现者。然而，与采矿权不同，科学界控制着下一步的发展。在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出发现；编辑和者通过控制成果过程扮演着看门人的角色；其他科学家利用新发现实现他们各自的研究目的；最终，公众(包括其他科学家)获知新发现，以及可能应运而生的新科技。在一项发现被业界的过程中，关于此科学或技术的相同和不同观点之间的相互影响和碰撞，把个人的发现变成了科学界可靠的发现。这一性证实过程存在两个。第一，科学研究通常关注现有知识中被认为不完整或不正