山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题【含答案】

1、吕梁市2021-2022学年高一年级第二学期期末考试试题英语（本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is that force called?A. The power of wind. B. Electricity

2、power. C. Gravity.2. What is the woman doing?A. Waiting the man. B. Changing clothes. C. Typing a paper.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. English learning. B. A student. C. A class.4 What do we know from the conversation?A. All the information on line is false.B. The man doesnt know the comp

3、uter at all.C. The woman is cautious when shopping online.5. What does the man mean?A. He will watch TV.B. He has to leave early.C. He will help make dinner.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两

4、遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. What is said about medical development in the future?A. Health care will be free.B. Cancer may be cured.C. AIDS will disappear.7. What will make distant places more popular for a holiday?A. Lower cost for air travel.B. Faster air transport.C. Better air service.8. What is the top

5、ic of this interview?A. Future ways of traveling.B. Medical progress in the future.C. Changes of life in the next decade.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9. What does the girl want her father to buy?A. A ruler. B. High-tech things. C. Pencils and erasers.10. Which of the following does the father consider buying for

6、 his daughter?A. An MP3 player. B. A computer. C. A calculator.11. Which of the following could be a reason for her father to buy what she wants?A. She volunteers to use some of her own money.B. She asks her father to buy a cheap one online.C. She tells her father she is the best in school.听第8段材料，回答

7、第12至14题。12. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a shop. B. At a bookstore. C. At a reading room.13. What do we know about the book the man would like?A. It is full of invented stories about the Industrial Revolution.B. It doesnt have the number of ISBN.C. It was published in t

8、he early 1980s.14. What advice does the woman give the man?A. Reading on line.B. Borrowing from friends.C. Trying an old bookstore.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15. What is Gary Danko?A. The name of a restaurant.B. The name of a special dish.C. The name of the womans husband.16. What do we know about the womans

9、husband?A. He is a waiter. B. He is a vegetarian. C. He often cooks at home.17. What doesnt the man eat?A. Meat. B. Vegetables. C. Desserts.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. Whats the speaker talking about?A. The life of Stephen Harwking.B. The key to Stephen Harwkings success.C. The education of Stephen Hawkin

10、g.19. When did Hawking go to Oxford?A. In 1943. B. In 1953. C. In 1956.20. Which of the following books was published in 2001?A. A Brief History of Time.B. Black Holes.C. The Universe in a Nutshell.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMusicOpera at Music Hall:

11、1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. .Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March thro

12、ugh June. Call 723-1182 for more information. .Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. /home.asp.College Conservatory of Music ( CCM ):I.D.formances are on the main campus of

13、 the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for

14、free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. /events/calendar.Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220. .1. Which websit

15、e should you visit if you want to see an opera?A. .B. /home.asp.C. .D. .2. I.D.e can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?A. Patricia Cobbett Theater.B. Memorial Hall.C. Music Hall.D. Riverbend Music Theater.3. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?A. It g

16、ives shows all year round.B. It offers seats in the open air.C. It has membership discounts.D. It presents only musical works.1. C 2. A 3. B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对五个网站上的歌剧及管弦乐等乐曲作品的演出时间，内容及购票等细节做了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional

17、performances in March and September. The Opera honors .one:Artsm.one:.one:Artsm.one:.(音乐厅歌剧：榆树街1243号。从6月持续到8月，在3月和9月有额外的演出。歌剧荣誉Enjoy the Arts享受会员折扣。241-2742。)”可知，如果你想看歌剧，应该去。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四则信息College Conservatory of Music (CCM)中的首句“Performances are on the main campus of the university, usually

18、at Patricia Cobbett Theater.(演出在大学的主校区，通常在帕特丽夏科贝特剧院)”以及下文中的“Students with ID. cards can attend the events for free.(持身份证的学生可以免费参加活动)”可知，学生可以凭身份证去Patricia Cobbett Theater免费看演出。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五则信息Riverbend Music Theater中“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).(

19、大型室外剧院，提供最接近的座位（价格差异）)”和对比其他信息可知，只有Riverbend Music Theater是室外剧院，有提供露天座位。因此，Riverbend Music Theater和其他地方不同的是它有露天座位。故选B。BOn February 5, 2022, China claimed its first gold at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games in the 2000m mixed team relay of short track speed skating. The Chinese quartet (四人组) of F

20、an Kexin, Qu Chunyu, Ren Ziwei and Wu Dajing stormed to a thrilling victory at the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2:37.348. Italy took the silver and Hungary bagged the bronze.According to the rules, each team is made up of two men and two women, and each of four skaters covers four and a half laps in t

21、he 2000-meter race. Olympic silver medalist Fan skated the first leg of the final race, but the race was restarted as Canadian and Hungarian athletes fell down soon after the starting pistol (发令枪) was fired.As the race started again, Fan finished the first leg in third, and her teammates came from b

22、ehind to lead the race. In the last ten laps, China steadily extended the advantage, while skaters from Canada and Hungary collided (相撞). The Italians finished 0.016 seconds behind China, almost cut the deficit. Powerhouses South Korea and the Netherlands were penalized and knocked out from the fina

23、l.“Ive been waiting for this gold medal for a long time. I always believe in our team and my teammates,” said Fan with tears rolling down her face after the competition. “Weve been training hard every day, and we can even feel blood in our throat when we stepped out of the rink. We made it!” The vic

24、tory solidifies Chinas dominance in short-track speed skating. Wu said, “Our short track team is a big family. We never give up and always go all out for every opportunity to win.”4. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?A. To explain the rules of the speed skating event.B. To introduce speed skaters f

25、rom different countries.C. To show the result of the short-track speed skating race.D. To stress the importance of the Chinese teams victory.5. Why was the mixed 2000m relay race restarted?A. Two athletes fell down accidentally in the final race.B. The starting pistol was fired at the wrong time.C.

26、Some players broke the rules in the competition.D. The skating track was not in good condition.6. What do the underlined words “cut the deficit” probably mean in paragraph 3?A. Scored the same.B. Broke the record.C. Lost the race.D. Missed the match.7. What can we learn from the short track teams su

27、ccess?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. Well begun, half done.C. Each coin has two sides.D. God helps those who help themselves.4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国在北京2022年冬奥会短道速滑2000米混合团体接力比赛中摘得首金的事情。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“On February 5, 2022, China claimed its first gold at the Beijing 2022 Ol

28、ympic Winter Games in the 2000m mixed team relay of short track speed skating. The Chinese quartet of Fan Kexin, Qu Chunyu, Ren Ziwei and Wu Dajing stormed to a thrilling victory at the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2:37.348. Italy took the silver and Hungary bagged the bronze.(2022年2月5日，中国在北京2022年冬奥会短

29、道速滑2000米混合团体接力比赛中摘得首金。在北京冬奥会上，范可欣、曲春雨、任子威和武大靖四人组合以2分37秒348的成绩取得了惊心动魄的胜利。意大利获得银牌，匈牙利获得铜牌)”可知，第一段的目的是展示短道速滑比赛的结果。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Olympic silver medalist Fan skated the first leg of the final race, but the race was restarted as Canadian and Hungarian athletes fell down soon after the starting pi

30、stol (发令枪) was fired.(奥运会银牌得主Fan在决赛中滑了第一回合，但在发令枪响后不久，加拿大和匈牙利运动员摔倒，比赛重新开始。)”可知，重新开始2000米混合式接力赛是因为两名运动员在决赛中意外摔倒。故选A。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“The Italians finished 0.016 seconds behind China(意大利队落后中国队0.016秒)”可知，两队之间的差距非常非常小，几乎是一样的分数，因此cut the deficit意为“得分相同”，和A选项意思相近，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Weve been trainin

31、g hard every day(我们每天都在刻苦训练)”和“We never give up and always go all out for every opportunity to win.(我们从不放弃，总是全力以赴，争取每一个胜利的机会。)”可知，这个团队训练得很辛苦，才有了好的成绩，因此我们可以从短道速滑队的成功中学到的是：自助者天助，即God helps those who help themselves，故选D。CIn a new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and fou

32、nd microplastics (微塑料) in 17. Half the samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while a third contained polystyrene (聚苯乙烯), which is used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples contained polyethylene, from which plastic carrier bags are

33、made.“Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the waste of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles (微粒) a day. We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and particle exp

34、osure,” said Prof Dick Vethaak, a scientist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “That worries me a lot.” The new research adapted existing techniques to detect and analyze particles as small as 0.0007mm. Some of the blood samples contained two or three types of plastic. The team used steel needles and

35、glass tubes to avoid pollution and tested for background levels of microplastics using blank samples.Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,” he said, “with more work now needed.” He said the differences might reflec

36、t short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask.“Are the particles preserved in the body? Are they transported to certain organs? And are these levels high enough to cause disease?” Vethaak said. “More detailed rese

37、arch on how microplastics affect the structures and processes of the human body, and whether and how they can transform cells and how they may cause cancer, is urgently needed. The problem is becoming more urgent each day,” Vethaak added.8. What does the new study in paragraph 1 show?A. Microplastic

38、 pollution is harmful to human health.B. Drinks bottles contain more microplastics than plastic carrier bags.C. Microplastics have been found in human blood by scientists.D. Food packaging is the main source of microplastics in the human body.9. What makes Vethaak worried in paragraph 2?A. The food

39、fed to babies.B. The mass production of plastic bottles.C. The effect of microplastics on babies.D. The increasing amount of chemicals in fool.10. What might cause microplastics to vary between blood samples according to Prof Dick Vethaak?A. Various sampling time.B. Short-term exposure to plastics b

40、efore sampling.C. Different ways of sampling.D. Pollution of blood samples.11. What is the Vethaaks attitude to the effects of microplastics on human body from the last paragraph?A. Doubtful.B. Cautious.C. Joyful.D. Anxious.8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健康献血者的血液样本，在17名献血者中

41、发现了微塑料，【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“In a new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and found microplastics (微塑料) in 17.(在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健康献血者的血液样本，在17名献血者中发现了微塑料。)”可知，第一段的新研究表明了科学家在人类血液中发现了微塑料。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher

42、in the waste of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles (微粒) a day. We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and particle exposure(之前的研究表明，婴儿排泄物中的微粒是成人排泄物的10倍，用塑料瓶喂养的婴儿每天吞咽数百万塑料微粒。我们也知道，一般来说，婴儿对接

43、触化学物质和粒子更敏感)”可知，Vethaak在第二段中担心的是微塑料对婴儿的影响。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,” he said, “with more work now needed.” He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the

44、blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask.(Vethaak承认，血液样本中塑料的数量和类型各不相同。“但这是一项开创性的研究，”他说，“现在还需要做更多的工作。”他说，这种差异可能反映了血样采集前的短期接触，比如用塑料咖啡杯喝咖啡或戴塑料口罩。)”可知，根据Dick Vethaak教授的说法，导致不同血液样本之间的微塑料不同的原因是取样前短期接触塑料。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“More detailed resea

45、rch on how microplastics affect the structures and processes of the human body, and whether and how they can transform cells and how they may cause cancer, is urgently needed. The problem is becoming more urgent each day(迫切需要对微塑料如何影响人体结构和过程，以及它们是否和如何转化细胞，以及它们如何可能导致癌症进行更详细的研究。这个问题每天都变得更加紧迫)”可知，Vethaa

46、k对微塑料对人体的影响的态度是担心的，即anxious。故选D。DEvery driver loves sailing through a series of green lights without having to stop and wait at a traffic light. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at crossings.Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the M

47、inistry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms (算法) taken from a busy crossing to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. There is a great necessity to speed up waiting times at crossings as tradition

48、al methods are inflexible, according to the Fraunhofer Institute.The new AI method uses radar sensors and high-resolution cameras to interpret traffic patterns in real-time. They can determine the speed of traffic as well as waiting times and combine this with algorithms. Scientists are currently tr

49、ying this out at a busy crossing in Lemgo, Germany, with encouraging results.The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Apart from reduc

50、ing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars idling (空转) at crossings.Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians passing crossings. Using AI, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedest

51、rian crossing and whether some of these people will need extra time to cross the street. Using a 3D points cloud, they can tell if someone has disabilities or is elderly without identifying the individual. Because pedestrian buttons that are presently at crossings cannot determine if some people hav

52、e special needs or are elderly, this is a real win. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking (乱穿马路) by 25 percent.Testing will be done until the late summer of 2022 in the German towns of Lemgo and Bielefeld, with researchers

53、optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries. This technology is exciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike. It encourages safety, protects the environment, and may even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work!12. What is the function of AI in the KI4L

54、SA project?A To avoid noise pollution.B. To control the speed of traffic.C. To remind people of traffic rules at crossings.D. To provide real-time information about traffic.13 What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Ways of improving traffic flow.B. The development of artificial intelligence.C. The effe

55、ct of traffic jams on the environment.D. Advantages caused by the intelligent lights.14. What can we learn about the K14PED project?A. It can be helpful to pedestrians with special needs.B. It can identify the individual accurately.C. It can avoid traffic accidents with a 3D points cloud.D. It has b

56、een applied to streets in many countries.15. Which could be the best title for the text?A. The Bright Future of AI TechnologyB. The Intelligent Traffic Lights: A Blessing for TransportationC. Digital Traffic System: A Sign of Smart CitesD. The New Traffic Service for Old Citizens12. D 13. D 14. A 15

57、. B【导语】本文是说明文。利用人工智能，德国研究人员找到了一种减少十字路口停留时间的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The new AI method uses radar sensors and high-resolution cameras to interpret traffic patterns in real-time.(这种新的人工智能方法使用雷达传感器和高分辨率摄像头实时解读交通模式)”可知，人工智能在KI4LSA项目中的作用是提供实时的交通信息。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“The intelligent lights are said to i

58、mprove traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Apart from reducing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars idling (空转) at crossings.(

59、据说，智能灯可以使交通流量提高10%到15%，从而节省了资金；欧盟估计，交通拥堵每年造成的经济损失总计达1000亿欧元。除了减少通勤时间，这些交通信号灯还将减少在十字路口怠速行驶的汽车产生的噪音和二氧化碳排放)”可知，第四段主要讲述了智能灯的优点。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians passing crossings. Using AI, researchers can identify ho

60、w many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of these people will need extra time to cross the street. Using a 3D points cloud, they can tell if someone has disabilities or is elderly without identifying the individual.(这项研究中另一个令人兴奋的进展是K14PED项目，它研究行人通过十字路口。通过人工智能，研究人员可以确定有多少人在