大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer

1、Banks中国工商银行：ICBC （Industrial and Commercial Bank of China）中国建设银行：CCB （China Construction Bank）中国银行：BC （Bank of China）中国农业银行：ABC （Agriculture Bank of China）中国招商银行：CMB (China Merchants Bank)中国民生银行：CMBC （China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd ）交通银行：Bank of Communications广东发展银行：GDB (Guangdong Development Bank)

2、上海浦东发展银行：SPDB/SPDBank (Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳发展银行：SDB (Shenzhen Development Bank)花旗银行：Citi Bank渣打银行：Standard Chartered Bank汇丰银行：Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerPart TwoBackground InformationAuthor Philip Ross (1939 ) is an American wri

3、ter based in New York. After working as a newspaper reporter for four years, he turned to freelance (自由职业作家) writing. Many of his articles have appeared in the New Yorker (纽约人), Readers Digest (读者文摘) and New York Times (纽约时报). This text is taken from Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetoric and

4、 Reader, 3rd edition published by Prentice Hall, Inc. in 1993 in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer Functions performed by banks today have been carried out by individuals, families, or state officials for at least 4,000 years. Banks first emerged in the Middle Ag

5、es when people grew tired of carrying around all their gold and began leaving their money with the goldsmith. Italian Banking in the 14th CenturyII. History of Banks大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer During the early Renaissance(欧洲14至16世纪文艺复兴), as international trade revived, Italian money cha

6、ngers once again appeared. They did business in the streets from a bench (banca in Italian; hence the word bank). Florence, Italy, became a great banking center, dominated by the Medici (梅第奇)family. The Medici family, one of the most prominent banking families in Europe during this time, became quit

7、e wealthy from its banking and money lending practices. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer With the growth of commerce and trade in Northern Europe, the Netherlands(荷兰)became an international financial center. The Bank of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹/荷兰首都) was organized in 1609. A chartered public bank(特许银

8、行)was opened in Sweden(瑞典)in 1656. Bank notes were probably first issued in the 1660s by the Bank of Stockholm(斯德哥尔摩/瑞典首都) in Sweden. It was probably the first financial institution in the world to issue standard-size payable-on-demand(见票即付的)bank bills, which eliminated the handling of copper coins.

9、 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer Until the founding of the Bank of England in 1694, Englands goldsmiths were its first bankers. They kept money and other valuables in safe custody for their customers. They also dealt in gold bullion and foreign exchange. They profited from acquiring and sor

10、ting coins of all kinds. To attract coins, the smiths were willing to pay interest. The goldsmiths noticed that deposits remained at a fairly steady level over long periods of time. Deposits and withdrawals tended to balance each other because customers only wanted enough money on hand to meet every

11、day needs. This allowed the smiths to loan out at interest cash that would otherwise be idle. From this practice emerged the modern facets of banking: keeping deposits, making loans, and maintaining reserves. Another practice of the goldsmiths, by which a customer could arrange to transfer part of h

12、is balance to another party by a written order, was the start of the modern check-writing system. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer The Bank of France was founded in 1800. For most of the 19th century the money markets of Europe were dominated by the House of Rothschild. The house was operate

13、d by Rothschild and his oldest son, Amschel Mayer, until its dissolution in 1901. The four other Rothschild sons opened bank branches in Vienna, Austria; Naples(那不勒斯), Italy; London, England; and Paris, France. The London and Paris branches are still in operation.Frankfurt House of Rothschild 大学英语精读

14、1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerModern societies cannot do without banks. Banks keep, lend and issue money as well as offer many other financial services. They also help to regulate the economy with changes in interest rate and in money supply. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerType of writi

15、ngQuestion: What kind of writing is this text? Answer: a narrative This is basically an interesting anecdote (short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 逸事）with an unexpected ending. Part ThreeText Appreciation大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer a man embarrasses himself b

16、y blindly interfering with a bank officers “unfair” rejection when a boy requests to withdraw money in a bank in New York at noon one day the narrator, a boy, and a fortyish bank officer what do you think? Plot: Setting:Characters:Theme of the story:大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer Theme of

17、the StoryBanks are not necessarily “evil”.Prejudice makes people embarrass themselves.Unkind deeds may come from a heart that is too eager to be kind.Lying is not always an “evil”.Children shouldnt be allowed to deal with money. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerPart 1 (para. ):Part 2 (para. )

18、:Part 3 (para. ): Structure of the text2232432The attitude of the authors friend toward bank. The failure of the boys attempt to withdraw money from the bank and the authors fruitless interference The bank officers clarification of the situation1大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerQuestionsWhy d

19、id the author go to the bankone day?123What was his first impression of thebank?What did he see in the bank that remind him of his friends comment about thebank?大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer 4Why did the authors friend comparea bank with a church? Did he likebanks? 6 5Why did the boy have

20、 trouble withdrawing his money? What was thereason given by the bank officer?What happened in the end? How didthe boy feel when he left?大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerThe authors friend hates banks, saying that they act like churches. And the author obviously shares his friends view. What t

21、hey are trying to say here perhaps is that the bank is just an ordinary store; it must not act as if it represents Almighty God; it has no right to tell people what to do and what not to do.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer1. The only difference is that a banks goods happen tobe money, which

22、is yours in the first place. (para1) to happen to do/to be: to do/to be sth. by chancee.g. 发生火灾时，我刚好路过。I happened to be passing by, when the fire broke out.in the first place: used to introduce a series of points in an argument or to talk about what should have been done, placed in or at the beginni

23、ng of a series events. e.g. 如果你不喜欢这条裙子，一开始你就不该买。1. If you dont like the dress, you shouldnt have bought it in the first place.2. Political reality was not quite that simplein the firstplace, divisions existed within the parties.Part FourLanguage Study大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerQuestion

24、: Why does the author say that the money “is yours in the first place”? Because at the beginning the money belongs to you, and then you deposit the money in a bank, the tangible money becoming a intangible figure on the bankbook.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer2. Para: If banks were required

25、 to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1)The word “church” has certain associations. People usually think of a church as the spokesman of God, as a powerful organization that controls your life and can interfere in your life. To be like churches means to act auth

26、oritatively.Paraphrasing: Even though banks sell financial service instead of common goods, they are still business organizations instead of churches. Thus it is ridiculous for them to act like churches by acting authoritatively and interfering in other peoples lives instead of focusing on their fun

27、ction and position as a business organization.Unreal condition and subjunctive mood大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer1. If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1)Banks act like churches which usually control peoples life and can interfe

28、re in peoples life. So, the author thinks it is ridiculous for banks to act like churches. A church is a place where religious people are given moral lessons. The author and his friend hate banks acting like churches because they think banks should simply give services and have no right to tell peop

29、le what to do and what not to do.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer3. account1. take account of sth./take sth. into account: to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about sth.Example:These figures do not take account of changes in the rate of infla

30、tion.n. a. an arrangement that you have with a bank to pay in or take out money b. a report or description of an event or experienceExample:1. My salary is paid directly into my bank account.2. The witness provided a detailed account of the accident.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer2. on acco

31、unt of: because of sth. else, especially because of a problem or difficultiesExample:He cant run very fast on account of his injured leg. 3. on no account: under no circumstancesExample:If you meet a bear in the woods, try not to panic or scream; on no account should you turn your back and run.4. ac

32、count for: provide or serve as a satisfactory explanation or reason forExample:His illness accounted for his absence from school. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer4. It was lunchtime and the only officer on duty was a fortyish black man with short, pressed hair, a pencil mustache, and a neatl

33、y pressed brown suit. (para. 3)straightened or uncurled haira suit without creases after ironinga thin mustache like a line drawn with a pencil.Go to next page for different types of hair on a mans face.at about the age of forty; the suffix ish may mean: 1) somewhat, near to, approximately (reddish,

34、 yellowish, grayish, darkish, bookish, feverish, selfish), 2) in the manner of, like (foolish, childish, girlish, boyish, womanish, snobbish), 3) of a country (Irish, Polish, Finnish, Spanish).大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer5. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. (p

35、ara. 3)to evoke in the mind of someone by the association of ideasPara: Everything about himhis clothes, manner, etc. indicated/gives people the impression that he was carefully dressed to exhibit an air of decisive importance and power.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer more than (colloq.) be

36、yond; very, extremely; Example: His insolence is more than I can stand.They were more than willing to help.It is more than probable that he will fail. more thanused to emphasize that one thing is truer, more important, etc.than sth.Examples: The child was more frightened than hurt.He always seemed o

37、ld to me, more like a grandfather than a father.It is more a poem than a picture. 6. more than & more than大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer no more than a. only; justExample: It cost me no more than $5 to buy the book.Each class has no more than 8 students. Each class has not more than 8 stud

38、ents. b. the same as Example:Hes no more able to read Spanish than I am.Awhaleis no more a fish than a horse is. She is not more clever than he is. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer7. wear an expression of v. with Example: Petra looked at her plate wearing an expression of disgust.wear: to ha

39、ve a particular expression Example: 1. All students worn a puzzle on hearing the question. 2. Students are not allowed to wear their hair long. 3. This new pair of sneakers wears well. 4. As the afternoon wore on, he began to look unhappy. 5. The furniture suffers a lot of wear and tear when the chi

40、ldren are at home.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer8. withdraw v. Example:1. Liz withdrew $100 from her account.2. Slowly, Robert withdrew his hand from Kristens.3. The party threatened to withdraw its support for the government. 4. He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize.5. The Unite

41、d States promised to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan in 3 months.6. Injury forced Clare to withdraw from event.7. We withdrew to the garden for a private conversation.8. He went silent and withdrew into himself.9. For the drug user, it is possible to withdraw without medication.大学英语精读1Unit2The-

42、Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer9. “But that doesnt see fair,” the boy said, his voice breaking. (para. 8)His voice becomes unnatural because of nervousness, astonishment, excitement, or anger.The absolute construction: (with) logical subject + present participle / past participle (indicating passivity) / i

43、nfinitive (indicating futurity or aim) / prepositional phrase (indicating a state) / adj. (indicating a state), used as adverbials大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerAbsolute construction: more examples1. His work done, David sat down for a cup of tea.2. There being no taxis, they had to walk ho

44、me.3. Helen ran back to the dining-room, her little son following.4. An important lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. 5. He put on his sweater, wrong side out. 6. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 7. The garden is pretty with all the

45、 flowers coming out.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer10. Now if youll excuse me. (para. 9) Paraphrasing: Now Im sorry but I cant talk with you anymore. This expression is used when one wants to go back to work, or to attend to other customers, or just to end the conversation.大学英语精读1Unit2The-B

46、oy-and-the-Bank-Officer10. I didnt think twice. (para. 11)To think about sth. carefully.Also: to give something a second thoughtlook before you leap大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer11. Excuse me? (para. 12)Paraphrasing: But why? I dont understand.This expression is used when you disagree with

47、 somebody but still want to be polite about it.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer12. And since there doesnt seem to be any question as to whether its his money, the banks so-called policy isridiculous. (para. 13)concerning, about (quite formal)used when you think the name given is wrong or imp

48、roper (Dont use this expression when the name/noun is in quotes)used here to introduce an adverbial clause of reasonThe fabrics were arranged as to size and color.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer13. “It may seem ridiculous to you,” he replied in a voice rising slightly in irritation (para. 1

49、4)present participle as modifiernonfinite verbs (present participles / past participles (indicating passivity) / infinitives (indicating futurity or aim) may be used as modifiers.E.g.: The cat chased by the dog carrying the mouse to be revenged is called Tom.in an annoyed mannerSimilar phrases to in

50、dicate an emotional state: to cry in happiness, to laugh in joy, to sing in sorrow, to reply in surprise, to watch in amazementParaphrasing: he replied in a louder voice which showed that the man was a little annoyed and impatient大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer14. I had my opening. (para. 1

51、6) an opportunity or chance, especially for employment or promotion in a business concernParaphrasing: I found a good chance to do or say something favorable or get the upper hand. Also: I had my window.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer15. I moved in for the kill. (para. 19)Paraphrasing: I be

52、gan to prepare to kill, destroy or defeat my enemy.I thought now I had a strong argument to silence and embarrass the bank officer by convincing him that he was wrong and being unfair to the boy. So I used the argument.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer16. I zeroed in on the officer. (para. 20

53、)I launched an attack on the officer. Originally, “to zero in on sb.” means “to aim a gun at a target”. Figuratively, it means “to fix attention on sb. /sth.” We should zero in on the key issues for discussion.(The author was using these exaggerated expressions for a humorous effect.)大学英语精读1Unit2The

54、-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer17. Youre really getting cheated. (para. 22)“To get cheated” is another way of saying “to be cheated” with emphasis on the action rather than the state. It is common in informal English. Notice that the sentence is in the present continuous passive. Example: Joe got arrested

55、 for drunken driving last Saturday evening. The poor boys never got invited anywhere. Please give me five minutes: I must get changed. 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer18.you really shouldnt have interfered. (para. 24)Should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done:expression of criticism,

56、indicating some unwanted bad results have been caused or something was (not) done.（本不该） More examples:You shouldnt have married him in the first place. How miserable you are now.You shouldnt have stayed up last night, or you wouldnt be so sleepy in class now.He should have visited his father in hosp

57、ital last night, but for this reason or that, he didnt go.大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officerinterfere v. to deliberately get involved in a situation that does not concern you and in a way that annoys people Example:I wish you stop interferingyouve caused enough problems already.the interfering

58、 old busybody interfere with: to prevent sth. from succeeding or from happening in the way that was planned Example:Anxiety can interfere with childrens performance at school.Who interfered with my camera? 大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-OfficerCompareintervenev. to do sth. to stop a quarrel, or a

59、war, or to deal with a problem, especially one that you are not directly involved inExample:The police dont usually like to intervene in disputesbetween husband and wife.The Federal Reserve Bank had to intervene to protect thevalue of the dollar. 词义辨析：interfere, intervene, meddle的区别和用法interfere 侧重指无

60、权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。intervene 书面用词，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle 指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事，隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officerinterfereprefixinter- (enter-/intel-): between or involving two or more different things, places, or peopleinterceptinterchangeinterfuseinterludeinte