英语动词时态总结

1、初中英语动词时态总结复习要点阐述今天我们复习动词的时态， 英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点。今天我们复习如 下的内容：初中阶段学习的时态：. 一般现在时。.现在进行时。. 一般过去时。.过去进行时。. 一般将来时。.过去将来时。.现在完成时。.过去完成时。初中阶段所学的英语的时态有 8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力，能使句子的意 思明确，能显示细微的差异，能使句子生动逼真。但它们又是相当灵活，在不同的时间 中，要用不同的形式，这是与中文大不相同的地方。一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。一般现在时的时间oftenusually always seldom som

2、etimesevery +时间次数十时间on +时间in +时间没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时, 则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。be动词的一般现在时的构成启式1疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I am a teacher.Am I a teacher?I am not./I mnot a teacher.Am I not a teacher?He/ She is a teacher.Is he/ she a teacher?He/ She is not/ isn a teacher.Is, he

3、/ shenot a teacher?或 Isn he /she a teacher?It is Mary.Is it Mary?It is not /isn Ma ry.Is it not Mary?/ Isn it Mary?We/ You/ They are teachers.Are we/ you/ they teachers?We/ You/ They are not/aren teachers.Are we/ you/ they not teachers或 Aren we/ you/ they teacher?否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示:t其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成其他实义动

4、词一般现在时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例)后定式口疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I work.Do I work?I don work.Do I not work?或 Don I work?He/ She /It works.Does he/ she /it work?He/ She/ It does not/doesn wotk.Does he/ she/ it not work?或 Doesn he/ she/ it work?We/ You/ They work.Do we/ you/ they work?We/ You/ They do not/ don w ork.Do we/ y

5、ou/ they not work?或 Don t we/ you/ they work?特别提示:have(has底表示 有“时，否定形式为 haven t(hasn或thave not(has not),变为疑问 句时可直接把have(has敬在句首也可借助于助动词 do(does)。当不表示 有”的意思时， 其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词 do(does)构成。 TOC o 1-5 h z e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(，)Does she have any experience in teaching pian

6、o lessons?(，)她有教钢琴的经验吗？Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?( ) xDid you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(，)你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗 ？上面我们列举了一般现在时的时间和动词的形式，在上述时间中，动词就要用到表格中的形式。e.gMy sister(watch) TV every day.因为 every day,所以填 watches”He(teach) English.因为没有时间说明他的职业，所以填teaches注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在

7、时表示将来的动作。e.g.We won t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园。When I grow up, I will go to America.我长大后要去美国。.现在进行时现在进行时的构成：现在进行时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例)后定式I am working.We/ You/ They are working .He/ She/ It is working .疑问式Am I working ?Are we/ you/ they working ?Is he/ she/ it working ?否定式I am

8、 not working.We/ You/ They are notHe/ She/ It is notworking 或 We/ You/They aren t workingworking .或 He/ She/ It isn t workin g疑问台JE式Am I not working ?Are we/ you/ they not working 诚 Aren we/ you/ they working ?Is he/ she/ it not working ?或 Isn he/ she/ it working?现在进行时的基本用法表示说话时正在进行、尚未完成的动作或状态。e.g.T

9、he telephone is ringing . Would you answer it, please?电话在响，你能否接一下？Now watch carefully and see what is happening in the experiment.现在仔细观察，看在实验中发生着什么现象。What are you doing now, Bob? Grandma is asking to see you.鲍勃，你在干什么 冽奶要见你。常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：now 现在 right now 现在 at present 目前 at this moment 就现在these day

10、s 这些天 look 瞧 listen 听 Where is+人称？表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。e.g.George is working on a new book about stories in schools.乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。I am helping my Dad on the farm this summer vacation.这个暑假我将在农场上给爸爸帮忙。I am now visiting Guangzhou this week.我本周在广州访问。表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。e.g.The boy is jumping with

11、great joy at the sight of his mother. 看到妈妈，小男孩高兴得不停地跳。Someoneis knocking at the door. It might be the postman.有人在敲门。可能是邮递员。在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。e.g.If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.他来时如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。与副词always, usually, forever等连用，表达说话者的某种感情或对某一心理的生动描 述。e.g.I m missing you very much. It

12、 s a long time since we last met.我很想念你。自从咱们上次见面以来已有很长时间了。We re looking forward to seeing you again.我们都盼望着再见到你。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是为别人而不是为自己着想。（赞扬）Why are you always coming late for class? You are close to being suspended.你怎么总是上学迟到？你快被开除了。（批评）这种用法同学们只是了解一下，要用现在进行时，还

13、应该用现在进行时的时间。进行时态用于瞬间动词。往往表示 即将”，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。这类动词有： come, go, leave, start. begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等。我们通常 用这些动词的进行时，表示将要发生的动作。e.gAre you staying in Guangzhou for a week?你将在广州呆一周吗？I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.这个周六我将带女儿去中央公园。They re leaving for Beijing tom

14、orrow.明天他们将离开这里去北京。The girl is going to Beijing next week.那个女孩下个星期将去北京。不用于现在进行时的动词表示人的内心感觉、态度情感等的描述性动词。常用的该类动词有：love爱 like喜欢 hate恨 know 知道 mind 介意wish但愿 need需要 agree同意 think认为want 想要 believe 相信 forget 忘记 remember 记住 understand 明白e.gAre you knowing Nancy well?( ) xDo you know Nancy well?( ，)你和南希很熟吗？I

15、 am forgetting your phone number.( ) xI forget your phone number.( V)我忘了你的电话号码。We are needing your help.( ) xWe need your help.( V)我们需要你的帮助。. 一般过去时一般过去时的构成be动词的一般过去时的构成be动词的一般过去时的构成如下表所示：后定式疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I was a teacher.Was I a teacher?I was not a teacher.Was I not a teacher?He/ She was a teacher.Was

16、he/ she a teacher?He/ She was not/ wasn a teacher.Was he/ she not a teacher碱 Wasri t he /she a teacher?It was Mary.Was it Mary?It was not /wasn Mary.Was it not Mary?/ Wasn it Mary?We/ You/ They were teachers.Were we/ you/ they teachers?We/ You/ They were not/ weren teachers.Were we/ you/ they not te

17、achers或 t.Weren we/ you/ they teachers?其他实义动词的一般过去时的构成其他实义动词的一般过去时的构成如下表所示（以动词work为例）后定式疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I worked.Did I work?I did not/ didn work.tDid I not work?或 Didn I twork?He/ She /It worked.Did he/ she /it work?He/ She/ It did not/didn w ork.Did he/ she/ it not work?或 Didn he/ she/ it work?We/ You/

18、 They worked.Did we/ you/ they work?We/ You/ They did not/ didn w ork.Did we/ you/ they not work?或 Didn we/ you/ they work?般过去时的基本用法 表示过去完成的事或存在的状态。这种情况常与表示过去的时间状语a minute ago, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, justnow, during the night, in those days, in 2006 等连用。e.g.Tom suddenly fell 川 yesterday

19、and had to stay home for another day.昨天汤姆突然病了，只好再在家里呆一天。She looked very well when I last saw her.上次我见到她时，她看上去气色很好。I received a strange phone call yesterday. What a day Ihad!昨天我接到一个奇怪的电话。真是倒霉的一天。The person you are looking for went away just now.你要找的那个人刚走。特别提示：过去时有时也和与现在关系较为密切的时间状语连用，如this morning, th

20、is afternoon连用。也就是我们通常说的一天分为三大块时间，this morning, this afternoon, thisevening。其中 this morning, this afternoon 通常用 一般过去时 “，而 this evening 通常用 幺 般将来时”。e.g.Did you see my watch this morning?今天早晨你看见我的手表了吗 ？一般过去时不与 now连用，但可与just now连用 e.gMr. Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him.贝尔先生刚才打来电

21、话告诉你不要为他担心。常用必背：常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:just now 刚才at that moment 在那时last year 去年last night昨天晚上a few days ago 几天前at that time 当时the other day 前几天yesterday 昨天in 2002 在 2002 年in the old days在过去的岁月里表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, never等时间状语连用。（请注意一定要用过去的时间）e.g.I always got up too late, and

22、 never had enough time for breakfast last year.去年我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。表示过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作时，常用过去时，此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景断定。e.g.I got up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.我早早起了床，洗完脸，迅速吃完早饭，就匆忙上学去了。Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked care

23、fully to his seat.汤姆来晚了。他悄悄打开门进去，小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。追述逝去的人或事，常用过去时。e.g.The book was written by Mr. Liang Shiqiu.这本书是梁实秋先生写的。Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.雷锋为全世界的人树立了一个好榜样。表示过去将来的动作。在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。e.g.She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.她说如果我

24、答应等她，她会来的。I didnt knoshe would come until yesterday.直到昨天我才知道她要来。 since从句一般用一般过去时。e.g.You haven t chged much since we last met.自从上次我们见面以来，你变化不大。It s three years sincevheni abroad.他出国三年了。It s a long time since was ill.他病好很长时间了。I haven t found any job sinceas out of work.自我失业以来，我一直没找到工作。.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的

25、构成：过去进行时的构成如下表所示:后定式疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I /He /She/ It was working .Was I/ he/ she/ it working ?I/ He/ She/ It was not working .或 I/ he/ she/ it wasn t working .Was I /he/ she /it not working ?或 Wasd d/ he/ she /it working ?We/ You/ They were working.Were we/ you/ they working ?We/ You/ They were not workin

26、g .或 We/ You/ They weren t workingWere we/ you/ they not working ?或 Weren we/ you/ they working ?(2)过去进行时的时间then那时候at that time那时候at this time yesterday昨天的这个时候atthiftime +过去的时间at +点钟+过去的时间when +过去时的主句while连接的两个过去的动作e.g.What were you doing this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在干什么？They were watching TV at 7 ye

27、sterday evening.昨天晚上7点钟他们在看电视。注意：He/ She /It was 不可缩略为 He s, She s,It H s是 He is 或 He has 的缩略形式, She是She is或She has的缩略形式，It 是It is或It has的缩略形式。. 一般将来时般将来时的构成：一般将来时的构成如下表所示 (以动词work为例):后定式疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I /We shall work.Shall I/ we work?I/ We shall notShall I/ we notwork.work?I/ We /You/ They/ He/ She/

28、It will work.W川 I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it work?I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She/ It will not work.Will I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it not work?英语口语中，常常为了说话的方便和简洁而使用动词的缩略形式。一般将来时的肯定缩略式为:mailauLjuzQ.可叫明,h? llhi:l:否定缩略式为工I We won (weunt shaniJa:nt: you they he she tr von Fil noL not7 they-ll noc: hell not,

29、 she:tlnoL it:U nets否定疑问缩略式为：Shan t I/ We ? Won t I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it?一般将来时的基本用法：“will/shall+动词原形”表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。在书面语中，主语是 I或 we时，常用shall,也可用will。在口语中，will可用于各种人称，而 shall的用法范围 较窄，且越来越有被 will替代的趋势。e.g.It ll soon be Christmas and the New Year.很快就到圣诞节和新年了。I will/shall see you tomorrow and tal

30、k about the new plan.明天我去找你谈谈有关新计划的事：We will/shall come to ask Miss Chen for help.我们要找陈老师帮忙。Helllose the job if he doesn t work hard.如果他不努力，他会失去这份工作。Nobody will do such a job with so little pay.没人会做工资这么少的工作常用必背:常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:next time 下次tomorrow evening 明晚tomorrow 明天before long 不久后next year 明年in t

31、he future 将来this afternoon 今天下午the day after tomorrow 后天般将来时的其他表达法:除了 will/shall结构可以表示将来之外，以下几种形式也是表示将来时态常用的结 构。be going to表示将来：be going to结构在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事, 必然或很可能发生的事，也用来表示自然现象。e.g.I m going to gather some materials about Picasso.我打算搜集一些有关毕加索的材料。It W going to be a fine day for surfing tomorro

32、w.明天将会是冲浪的好天气。be doing表示将来。常用于这种结构的动词有 go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay, do, take等。这 种用法往往指安排好要做的事情，很少变更。e.g.I m doing my experiment tomorrow.明天我要做实验。Shes leaving early tomorrow morning.明天她很早就出发。be to do表示将来。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。e.g.The president is to visit China next

33、 week.总统下周来访问中国The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.会议明天一早召开。用法比较：be going to 与 will/ shallbe going to指当前的、已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will/ shall表示未事先思考或未计划过的意图；be going to还可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生，而 will则表明说话 者的观点、主观意识。另外 will/ shall还可作情态动词用，表示感情色彩。e.g.It will be Christmas soon.很快就是圣诞节了。（强调将来的状态）I am going to lis

34、ten to music.我打算听听音乐。（现在的打算，指向将来）I ll answer the door.我去开门。（未经事先考虑的意图）I m going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。（事先经过思考）Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.看看这些云彩，暴风雨要来了。（客观迹象）I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖起来。（主观意愿）.过去将来时过去将来时的构成：过去将来时的构成如下表所示:后定式疑问式否定式疑问台JE式I /We shall /would wor

35、k.Would/ Should I/ we work?I/ We shall/ would not work.Would/ Should I/ we not work ?You/ They/ He/ She/ It would work.Would you / they/ he/ she /it work?You/ They/ He/ She/ It would not work .Would you / they/ he/ she /t not work ?其缩略形式如下表所示:后定式否定式d/ We d/ You d/ They d/ Hed/ Shed/ It dI d/ We d/ Y

36、ou d/ They d/ He d/ She d7 It d not work.I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She /It wouldn t work 或 I/ We shouldn t work过去将来时的基本用法：过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态主要用于宾语从句或间接引语中。e.g.Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasn t arrived until now.上周他答应来的，可到现在都还没到。He said that he would wait for me at t

37、he gate.他说他将在大门口等我。.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成如下表所示:肯定式疑问式否定式疑问否定式He She It has rorked.月出 he she irHe She It has nor worked.或 He She It ha2ni 江夕Bd一或 Hers She:，; If: not worked.Has he she ir 口。【worked? Hasn c haeznt he she it worked?I We You They hav? worked.Have I we vou 由，V wForkd?I We You They hafe

38、 noi w orked. 或 I We iou Thyorked.或 rvefaivWe:vevvi?vYouveju:v Thfye；&eiv not worked.Have I lAe you they not v/orke 4减 Havn : *h5ev nt 1 We you rh?y worktd?(2)现在完成时的时间already 已经yet 已经just刚刚3)before 从前recently 最近once 曾经ever 曾经never 从来没有since+时间for +时间(11) in the past/ last few years 在最近几年里ever since

39、then 从那时起一直到现在(3)使用现在完成时需注意的问题：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。两者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系、 对现 在产生的影响、结果等，所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去 的事实，不表示与现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。e.g -Have you seenthe TV play?你看过这部电视剧吗？Yes, I have.是的，看过。When did you seeit?你什么时候看的？ I saw it sometime last year.我是去年的某个时候看的。瞬间动词的完成时瞬间动词的肯定式通常不能与表

40、一段时间的for短语、since短语或从句等连用，因为瞬间动词不能表示延续状态，它只能用现在完成时表达已经做了 ”或还没有做，而不能表达做了多久e.g.I have joined the Youth Volunteers for five years.( )xI joined the Youth Volunteers five years ago. (或 I have beena member of the Youth Volunteers for five years.(我是五年前加入青年志愿者队伍的。初中所学的常用瞬间动词如下：leave have been awaydie has bee

41、n deadbuyhave hadborrow have kept openhave been open close have been closed begin have been on finish have been over arrive have bee n 地点 comehave been +地点(11) gohave been+地点8.过去完成时过去完成时强调的时间和动词是过去之前的过去(1)动词的结构：had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的时间by+过去的时间by the end of+过去的时间(3)过去完成时的其它用法用于when的主句、条件：从句的动作过了，主句的动作在从句的动作之前。e.g.They had already had supper when I g