冠词、数词专项

1、冠 词冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a 、an两种。一不定冠词a / an的用法a用于辅音音素开头的词前，如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal ; an用于元音音素开头的词前。如： an apple , an egg , an hour , an old man，不定冠词a / an 都用在可数名词单数之前。1. 表示数量“一” ，但数的概念不如one强烈。例如： I have a book. 我有一本书。2. 表示类别，泛指一类人或物。例如： A horse is bigger than a rabbit. 马比兔子大。3. 指某人或某物，但不具体

2、指明是哪个人或物。例如： A teacher is looking for you. 有位老师找你。4. 表示职业、身份、宗教等。例如： His father is a policeman. 他爸爸是一名警察。5. 用在某些固定词组中。例如：a lot of许多 a few 一些，几个 a little一点儿 have a headache头疼take a walk散步 have a look 看一看 after a while 过一会 二定冠词the的用法1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 例如：The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。2. 指谈话

3、双方都知道的人或事物。 例如：Did you see the boy? 你看见那个男孩了吗？3. 指上文提到的人或事物。例如：He lives on a farm. The farm is not big. 他住在农场，这农场不大。4. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些5. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。6. 用在乐器名词前。如： She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。7.

4、用在方位名词前。如： in the east / west / south / north 在东/西/南/北边on the left / right 在左/ 右边8. 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。如： the old老人 the young年轻人 the poor穷人 the rich富人 9. 用在姓氏的复数前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。如： The Browns are eating dinner. 布朗一家正在吃饭。10. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国 the United States美国11. 用

5、在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前。如：The Yellow River黄河 the Great Wall长城 the West Lake西湖12. 用在逢十的复数名词前，表示某个世纪的某个年代。如：in the 1990s 20世纪90年代13. 用在某些固定词组中。如：in front of在前面 in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下 at the moment此刻 on the phone在大电话 in the morning在上午 三、不用冠词的情况1. 在专有名词（包括地名、节日、星期、月份、季节）前不用冠词。如： China 中国 on Sunday在星期天

6、 in October在十月 in spring在春天2. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：time时间 fruit水果 Water is important to us.水对我们是重要的。3. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词。如：They are teachers. 他们是老师。4. 人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词。如： Mr. Li李先生 Alice 爱丽丝5. 三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、学科名称前，不用冠词。如： Have lunch吃午饭 play football踢足球 play chess下棋 learn math 6. 在“by + 交通工具”中，不加冠

7、词。如： by bus坐公车 by train坐火车7. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如： This is Marys pen. 这是玛丽的钢笔。 My ruler is on the desk. 我的尺子在书桌上。四a number of 与 the number of 的区别a number of（许多）+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数； the number of（的数量）+可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of students are playing football.很多学生在踢足球。The number of students

8、 in our school is three thousand. 我们学校的学生数量是3000人。冠词练习( ) 1. Does Mary have _ pencil ? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. There is a desk by the window. On _ desk there is _exercise book. A. a, the B. the, the C. an, a D. the, an ( ) 3. Most boys like playing _ football. A. an B. a C. / D. an ( ) 4. She

9、is going to play _ piano at the concert this evening. A. / B. a C. a D. an ( ) 5. Lets go and watch the children play _ chess. A. the B. an C. / D. a ( ) 6. Guilin is one of _ most beautiful cities in _ world. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the ( ) 7. His brother is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. /

10、D. the( ) 8. Shall we go for _ walk after supper ? A. / B. a C. the D. an ( ) 9. _ woman over there is a teacher. A. An B. A C. The D. / ( ) 10. February is _ second month of the year. A. the B. / C. a D. an ( ) 11. _ sun rises in _ east. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. the, / ( ) 12. Mary is _ t

11、aller of the two girls. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 13. _ young must look after _ old. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, an ( ) 14. The students often read English early in _ the morning. A. an B. / C. a D. the ( ) 15. - How did you go there ? - We went there by _ bus. A. the B. an C. / D. a ( )

12、16. - How long did you stay there? - About half _ hour. A. the B. / C. an D. a ( ) 17. They went to _ Summer Palace yesterday. A. the B. an C. / D. a ( ) 18. _ Greens will come to see you tomorrow. A. / B. A C. An D. The ( ) 19. The picture on _ left is more beautiful than the one on _ right. A. a,

13、a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the ( ) 20. There is _ “ h” in the word “honest”. A. a B. the C. / D. an ( ) 21. Its too hot. Open _ door, please. A. an B. / C. a D. the ( ) 22. Math is _ useful subject. You cant drop it, I think. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 23. - What _ the number of the students in y

14、our school? - About two thousand. A number of them _ from England . A. is, are B. is, is C. are, is D. are, are ( ) 24. _ useful book it is! A. What an B. How a C. What a D. How an ( ) 25. -Its _ nice day, isnt it? - Yes, what _ fine weather! A. a, a B. the, the C. a, / D. the, / ( ) 26. - Did you g

15、et there by _ bike? - No, I took _ taxi. A. a, a B. / , a C. the, the D. a, the ( ) 27. - Lily is coming by _ plane. - Lets go to _ airport to meet her. A. a, a B. / , a C. the, the D. / , the ( ) 28. Does Tom often play _ football after _ school? A. / , / B. / , the C. the, / D. a, / ( ) 29. They v

16、isited our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the ( ) 30. It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work. A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, an D. an, a, / 数 词数词主要分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。 一基数词1. 构成(1) 112 单独记。 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten ,eleven , twelve . (2) 13

17、19 词尾都有teen . thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen但thirteen， fifteen， eighteen需要特殊记。(3) 2090 整十的词尾都以ty结尾。twenty , thirty , forty , fifty , sixty , seventy, eighty , ninety . (4) “几十几” 要加连字符合“-”。如：21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six(5) “几百几” 或“几百几十几” 加and如： 101 one hundred and

18、one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight (6) 千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字为千( thousand )，第二个“，”前面的数字为百万 ( million )，第三个“，”前的数字为 十亿( billion )。如： 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,364 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand three hun

19、dred and sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion two hundred and thirty-seven million one hundred and sixty-six thousand two hundred and thirty-four 2. 用法(1) 表示数量。如：There are fifty students in our class. 我们班有50个学生。(2) 表示年龄和年份。如：He was born in 1998. 他出生于1998年。(3) 表示时刻。表示时间有两种方法：1. 钟点+分钟 如：8:20 eight tw

20、enty 2. 用介词past或to表示。表示“几点过几分”用past，但分钟数须在30以内，分钟数放在past之前。如： 9:16 sixteen past nine 10:28 twenty-eight past ten 表示“几点差几分”用to，但分钟数须在30以上，分钟数放在to之前。如：9:40 twenty to ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:55 five to eight (4) 表示顺序。如：Class Five, Room 218.(5) 基数词在表示确切的数字时，使用百、千、百万、十亿的单数形式，如：two hundred 两百 five

21、 thousand 五千。 但是，当基数词表示不确切数字时，则以复数形式出现，并与of连用。如：There are hundreds of people in the hall 大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands of people come to visit the Great Wall every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观长城。(6) 表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。in his thirties在他三十多岁时，in 1950s在20世纪50年代。(7) “基数词+单数可数名词+形容词”作定语修饰名词。如： a fourteen-year-old boy一个

22、14岁的男孩二序数词1. 构成(1) “第一”, “第二”，”第三” 分别是first , second , third. (2) “第四” 到“第十九”除了fifth , eighth , ninth , twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都是在相应基数词后面加th构成。(3) 整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y 为i 再加eth 构成。如：twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth fiftyfiftieth ninetyninetieth (4) 第一百hundredth 第一千thousandth 第一百万millionth(5) 有个位数的基数词只要变化个位数。如：

23、twenty-one - twenty-first seventy-five- seventy-fifth 2. 用法(1). 序数词表示顺序。在用序数词表示顺序时，要在序数词前加the,序数词后的名词要用单数。如： John lives on the fifteenth floor. 约翰住在第十五层。(2) 序数词表示日期。日期可按日、月、年的顺序表示，也可按月、日、年的顺序表示。年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。如： 1949年10月1日读作：October (the) first , nineteen forty-nine 2004年9月10日读作：September (the) ten

24、th , two thousand and four (3) 分数的表示：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数；“分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，名词为复数，动词用复数；名词为单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。如：1/4 one fourth 4/5 four fifths 3/4 three fourths ( three quarters) 三数词的其他用法 (1) 小数点的表示：小数点读作point，其余的按基数词读出。如： 0.2 zero point two 3.4 three point four 5.78 five point seven eight

25、 (2) 百分数的表示：百分号读作percent. 0.5% zero point five percent 36% thirty-six percent(3) 表示倍数关系。表示“一倍”once, 表示“两倍”twice, 表示“三倍”或“三倍以上的倍数用times. 如：Our school is twice as big as theirs. (4) 数词前加every，表示“每隔一段时间”。如：every two days 每隔两天。(5) 与数目有关的词语。half 一半, several 几个, a few 几个, a dozen 一打, a score 二十数词练习( ) 1.

26、Lincoln was born on _. A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12( ) 2. A _ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-years-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old( ) 3. Do you think there is any room for us _ ? A. two B. the two C. secon

27、d D. the second( ) 4. -How many students are there in your class? - _. A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties( ) 5. Which number is wrong? _. A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth( ) 6. The number 4,123 is read _. A.four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand

28、 and one hundred twenty-three C.four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three( ) 7. The old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty( ) 8. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B.

29、as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as( ) 9. Which of the following is wrong? _. A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15. C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.( ) 10. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundred

30、s of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of( ) 11. -How many new words are there in _ lesson? -There are only _. A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five( ) 12. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 19

31、70s( ) 13. Which room do you live in? _. A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201s Room( ) 14. How many magazines do you have? I have _. A. two B. both C. twice D. the second( ) 15. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means _. A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C. 300,170 D. 30,17( ) 16. On Ma

32、y _, _ people traveled round the country. A. the first, millions B. the first, millions of C. first, the millionth D. first, millions( ) 17. Its 7:17 is read _. A. seven and seventeen B. seven seven C. seven one seven D. seven seventeen( ) 18. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty and f

33、ive B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundreds and sixty-five D. three hundred sixty-five( ) 19. There are _ students in that school. A. two thousand eight-six B. two thousand eighty-six C. two thousand and eighty-six D. two thousands and eighty-six( ) 20. It took me _ to get there. A. two hours and a half B. two hours and half C. two hour