届语法复习非谓语动词作状语课件

1、 高三英语语法复习非谓语作状语 分成两个课时讲解 非谓语动词作状语课件(i) 本节课的复习目标：1。掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的构成。2。通过讲解与练习、观察对比感悟，掌握动词不定式、动词-doing和过去分词作状语的区别。3。能够在语法填空中准确判断充当状语，并恰当地填非谓语动词形式。4。能够在阅读文章中正确理解非谓语动词充当状语的用法。5。能够在写作中正确使用非谓语动词作状语来造句。Task1.学会判断非谓语动词一、考一考。判断下列句子里的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。1。He is going over his students homework now.2. His job is tea

2、ching English.二、定义动词的谓语形式既有单复数，又有时态、语态上的变化非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。无人称单复数变化，但有时态和语态变化。不能单独作谓语。三、非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.四、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”1. _many times , but he s

3、till couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been toldC_A五、填词：1）_ ( study) hard, you will pass the entrance exam.2)_ ( study) hard, and you will pass StudyingStudyTask2.掌握非谓语动词的各种形式A. 不定式复习主动式被动式一般式进行式完成式完成进行

4、式to do to be doing to have doneto have been doing to be doneto have been doneB. the Gerund（分词） 主动形式被动形式 一般式 完成式 (not ) doing(not ) being done(not ) having done (not ) having been done C.过去分词只有一种形式：done原形 过去分词dodone非谓语动词的主动与被动形式主动形式被动形式不定式ing形式过去分词一般式完成式进行式完成进行式一般式完成式 to do to have done to be writing

5、 to have been writing to be done to have been done doing having done being done having been done done不定式Task3.了解非谓语动词在句子中的功能或作用非谓语动词在句子中的功能或作用，也就是说非谓语动词在句子中可以充当什么成分。 成分类别主语宾语表语宾补状语定语To dodoingdone充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分.5.6.The function 主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词Task4.非谓语动词作状语的区别 成分类别目的原因结果伴随时间条件To dodo

6、ingdone非谓语充当哪种状语比较.5.6.7。让步I.判断下列动词不定式充当哪种状语。1.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 2.The chemical fertilizers are good enough to keep the crops free from sickness. 3. I am sorry to hear your mother i

7、s ill. 4. To study English well , we must practise everyday.结果状语结果状语原因状语目的状语II.判断下列现在分词充当哪种状语。1.Following the doctors advice, you wont fall into trouble. . 2. He walked home, singing his favourite song. 3. Drinking a lot at the party, he wasnt drunk.4. Having been checked twice, the papers were hand

8、ed in. 条件状语伴随状语让步状语时间状语III.判断下列过去分词充当哪种状语。1.The disabled boy walked across the street, supported by two young men.2. Disturbed by the noisy crowd, the old man couldnt fall asleep. 3. Although invited, he didnt attend the party.4. The teacher stood there surrounded by many students方式状语原因状语让步状语伴随状语 Al

9、l of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.2009北京卷A. present B. presentedC. being presentedD. to present【解析】考查非谓语的用法。通过句意可知要用不定式作状语表目的。为了更好的展示信息。所以答案为:D 考一考：动词不定式和分词作状语的比较I.作目的状语, 用动词不定式。1. He got up early in order to catch the bus. 2. He got up early so

10、as to catch the bus. 3. He got up early to catch the bus.=To / In order to catch the bus, he got up early.所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中充当状语，其区别在：（1）.不定式（短语）常在句子中作目的、结果和原因状语，常见句式有：A.目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.B.结果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth

11、.; tooto do sth.; only to do sth. C.原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth. His father who was a millionaire died, _him a lot of money. A. having leaving B. leaving B. to leave D. left BII.现在分词和动词不定式充当结果状语的区别考一考：only to do 结果1) I went to his house, only to find he was out. 我到他家，结果发现他不在。

12、表示出乎意料之外的结果。2) He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces 他让杯子滑落，导致杯子破碎。 表示结果符合逻辑性、自然结果。His mother died, _(使他成为一个孤儿）He went to the railway station, _ (却得知火车已经开了） leaving him an orphanonly to be told that the train had left完成下列句子：III.动词不定式和现在分词作原因状语的区别1.Being ill, he couldnt go to school.doing动作的原因2

13、.Nice to see you.不定式感受的原因完成下列句子：Im so glad _(见到你）. Bye-by！We got up early _(为了赶上早班车to have seen youso as to catch the early bus现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别1. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】考查非谓语动词。非

14、谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。B考一考：2. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建卷) A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有

15、宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。A完成下列句子1._(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.2._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.3._(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited.4.The difficult maths problem _(很难算出）.Not having finished his homework,Being painted Having been invited to the ball,is difficult

16、 to work out2014届高考英语语法复习非谓语部分（II) 2014.12.9Step1.回顾上节课非谓语动词1。学会谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。2。了解动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的各种形式以及在句子中充当什么成分。3。了解动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词在句子中充当什么类型的状语并学会判断其类型。4。动词不定式充当目的状语以及充当结果状语和原因状语与分词充当状语的区别。Step2.非谓语动词在高考中的应用I.非谓语动词在高考基础写作中的应用。The Chinese government has decided that smoking be banned indoor publi

17、c places all over the country. This decision, which will be carried out from January 1, 2011, aims to bring a complete smoke-free indoor environment. In order to achieve this goal, no-smoking signs will be put up in all indoor public places. Statistics show that China has approximately 350,000,000 s

18、mokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women. Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, causing 100,000 deaths a year. Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of the school children in China.

19、According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. So he suggested that school children

20、 avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.II.在写作中巧用非谓语动词 （1） 使用现在分词。如： 原We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess. 改After a sh

21、ort rest， we had great fun singing and dancing， telling jokes and playing chess. （2） 使用过去分词。如： 原He was satisfied with the result. He decided to go on with a new experiment 改 Satisfied with the result， he decided to go on with a new experiment. III.将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the

22、hero, she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.Finding the door locked,3.He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time 小结好句子的标准应是： 用词准确、逻辑清晰、简洁明了、可读性强;还有多样性。非谓语动词结构在高中英语学习中占有比较大的分量，在写作中，灵活运用该结构不但能使文字简练，而且也能减少中式英语的感觉

23、。考查非谓语动词可能有以下几种情况：with +宾语+非谓语动词；ing形式做定语或状语；ed形式做定语或状语；连词+ing/ed 形式。 Step3.现在分词与过去分词的区别I. 分词作状语在形式上的选择（在时间差上确定） 形式 意义 1.doing 2. having done3. being done4. having been done5. done 与句中的主语在逻辑上是主动关系，与句中谓语同时发生，或几乎同时发生 与句中的主语在逻辑上是主动关系，先于谓语动词发生 与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系，与谓动同时发生，一般做原因于句首 与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系, 且先于谓语动词发生

24、与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系，时间性不确定.（与现在分词比较，一般指完成，过去） 1. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。BII.考一考：2. In

25、April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建卷) A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。A1. _the old man, we went upstairs. we followed (跟着那个老

26、人, 我们上去了)2. _by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were followed) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)III.CompareFollowing Followed巩固练习：1. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. Followed B. Followed byC. Being followed D. having been followed2. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. followed B.

27、 followingC. to be followed D. being followedBBDifference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.1.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book, I find it useful. 2.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _ (look) at her, he jumped with joy._(look) at by her, he jumped with joy.UsedUs

28、ingLookingLooked注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。解题技巧小结现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。确定分词的使用的具体步骤1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、指出非谓语的动作是发生在句子谓语动作之前还是之后，从而确定考虑用完成式还是一般式。5. 最后选定现在或过去分词。注意事项：I.过去分词与现在分词被动完成式的比较

29、 在句中作状语时，一般情况下可互换。但不强调时间先后，只强调动作的被动时，用过去分词，不用现在分词的被动完成式。如：Caught (Having been caught) in the rain, he was all wet.Having been shown in the labs, we went home hurriedly.(强调时间先后、完成)II. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 1）Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.2）Seeing from the

30、 hill , we find the city very beautiful.注意：A. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如：（）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.（）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.（）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing. () Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.（）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.

31、 （）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.注意: 用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构.1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.B有些非谓语动词可以相当于独立成分、介词或连词使用，这时候它们常有自己固定的形式，与句子的主语不存在任何的逻辑关系，常见的有：To tell (you)

32、 the truth, to be honest, (老实说)to make things worse (更糟糕的是)to begin with / start with (首先)Generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/严格/准确地说)Judging from / by (根据/从判断)Considering (考虑到)including (其中包括) compared with / to (与相比) 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The m

33、en worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Kno

34、cking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking非谓语动词在语法填空的运用Task4用所给动词的适当形式填空1. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students werefinally saved by thelocal police(lose) Lost2. By the end of 20

35、07, about half a million people had flooded into the city, _up around 10% of its total population. (make) making3. He turned away, _.(disappoint) disappointed4. Her homework _, Mary decided to go shopping.(do) done was done？5. _ in the book, he didnt notice the sound. (bury) Buried6. _ everything in

36、to consideration, the result is better than _. (take, expected) Taking expected7 _ by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently. (drive) Driven8.With the lights _, he fell asleep. (burn)burning再回首看一看非谓语动词的奥秘Step5典型题解：1).句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语开头1._ the milk(,) and set a good exa

37、mple to the other children.2._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.3._ some of this juice, youll like it. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinkingAAC非谓语动词解题策略点拨：1.根据句中是否有谓语动词，确定是否选择非谓语动词, 尤其注意: 1)句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语动词开头; 2)区分选项是非谓语动词，还是与其它动词并列的谓语动词。有分号(;),句号(.),并列连词(and/but/or/so),破折号()连接，

38、句首选项为谓语动词。逗号连接，句首选项为非谓语动词。2)区分非谓语动词或是并列谓语动词1.I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station. A. paidB. payingC. to payD. having paid2.Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table， and disappeared into the distance. A. left, lain open B. leaving, lying open C. leaving, li

39、e openedD. left, lay openedAB点拨：第1题从and 可判断got, paid, dashed谓语动词并列; 第2题从and 可判断rushed 和disappeared谓语动词并列; 但leaving在此表结果状语（是非谓语动词）, lying open与leave存在逻辑联系: leave sb./sth. doing表示使某人或某物处于做状态中3)情态动词后动词，是否与情态动词有逻辑关联：1.They did everything they could _ her life. A. saveB. to saveC. savingD. saved2.Before

40、going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improvingBD点拨：情态动词could/can后省略了前面已用过的谓语动词，要注意该空格选项的非谓语动词: 其与谓语动词的逻辑意义和搭配习惯。第1小题可理解为：They did everything that they could do in order to save her life.第2小题可理解为：Before going abroad he devoted all that h

41、e could devote to improving his oral English.devote- - -to是固定短语4)“动词+(名词)+介词+名词”变被动结构,其后形式: The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.to build B. buildingC. buildD. built应对这类题的最佳办法就是将该句转换成主动语态should make full of every part of materials to build.A

42、5)名词后有两个定语修饰。一个为定语从句，另一个为非谓语动词。Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense? A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having madeB点拨：此类题解题关键在于学会句子结构分析，在已知谓语的情况下，弄清非谓语动词与名词的逻辑意思联系，然后再考量该名词的固定搭配形式。分词作状语的六大原则Step61. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式2. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. Moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved3. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would com