高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题课件(PPT 54页)

1、英语专题Strategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题)第1页，共54页。推理判断题 猜测词义题阅读四大题型事实细节题主旨大意题第2页，共54页。高考英语阅读理解题考查方式是非题年代与数字考点Wh-题 (who,what,when, where,why,how )第3页，共54页。高考阅读考查细节理解题：第4页，共54页。第5页，共54页。1、细节题的题干分析2 、细节题解题方法教学内容第6页，共54页。分析往年试卷卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？ 60.How did Percival feel during his meeting wit

2、h Laura?(12)50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?(08)63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?(12)57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?(08)72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? (09)事件人物方式时间因果第7页，共54页。 In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic G

3、ames in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.时间57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 1

4、992. D. In 2007第8页，共54页。事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _、 _、 _、 _、 _和 _。 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 S summary 题干分析第9页，共54页。1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正）3.Wh

5、ich of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误）4 The author ( or the passage) states that_.5 .常见设题方式：第10页，共54页。 题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：第11页，共54页。Not long ago. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate chan

6、ge. 原因72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health_同义词第12页，共54页。三大法宝： 顺序原则二、 细节理解解题方法定位词排除法第13页，共54页。(一)、把握解题的顺序原则 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats

7、 such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of foo

8、d poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, pr

9、ocessed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include51题答案52 53题答案53题答案53题答案第14页，共54页

10、。certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on un

11、washed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that

12、 grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospit

13、al right away to have their stomachs emptied.(一)、把握解题的顺序原则54题答案第15页，共54页。二、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。1. 表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2. 表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3. 题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等第16页，共54页。 (New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-y

14、ear-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the S

15、outh Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. 二、通过定位词寻找出题点第17页，共54页。Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词

16、在文中的位置。1 wh-细节题第18页，共54页。定位词的转换形式： a. 同义改写When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games . Bro

17、wnie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company.

18、C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently.sick第19页，共54页。 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her g

19、ood service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.41. Why was the authors mother poorly served? A. She was unable to speak good English. B. She was often misunderstood. C. She was not clearly heard. D. She was not very polite.第20页，共54页。But the key issue is reall

20、y moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _ Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks第21页，共54页。b.转变词性与结构: Confuciu

21、s suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, are that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that t

22、he greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A. FamilyB

23、. Potential C. Knowledge D. Community第22页，共54页。Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us .People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course shed let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when wed be out walking and

24、 a small child would come over and pull pm her hair. she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone. 44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she_. A. smile

25、d B. barked C. rushed to them D. tried to be funny第23页，共54页。(三)、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。【2010江苏】68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .A. technical issues B. safety of the systemC. financial problems D.

26、 maintenance of railway tracks第24页，共54页。a张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。 （2）错误选项的特征Other early surnames came from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every tow

27、n and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans.57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _. A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals C. made kitchen tools or contains

28、D. built houses and furniture第25页，共54页。48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text? AShe is successful in her job BShe finds her life full of stresses CShe spends half of her time traveling DShe is especially interested in museumsb.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切

29、实际的过度猜测。第26页，共54页。Reading material 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poiso

30、ned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.2 是非题第27页，共54页。Q Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.Passage2 技巧：排除法以偏概全三正一误Food poisoning is usua

31、lly not serious, but some types are deadly.第28页，共54页。 Reading material 3 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A ca

32、lorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows 练习题第29页，共54页。 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statem

33、ent is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a

34、baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.文章【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=2753 计算题根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C 符合图表内容。4 图表题第30页，共54页。 Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighte

35、en childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, w

36、ith his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, fo

37、r the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts

38、 triumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you” To show thanks t

39、o Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed

40、it “The Praying Hands”Reading material 4第31页，共54页。 Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the story？ aAlbrecht went to Nuremberg bAlbert supported his brother cThe Durer family held a festive dinner dAlbrecht drew his brothers injured hands eThe brothers tossed a coin Ab, a, c, d, e Ba, e

41、, c, d, b Ce, a, c, b, d De, a, b, c, d_解题思路： 先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案 5 排序题第32页，共54页。细节题类型1wh细节题2 是非题3 计算题4 图表题5 排序题 6 其它题 summary第33页，共54页。 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all, absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误

42、串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意“陷阱”：第34页，共54页。_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存扩大(缩小)范围偷换概念以偏概全无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问第35页，共54页。& Practice makes perfect! No way in the world is the best but yours.第36页，共54页。2012年C篇Finally, a ce

43、ll phoneThats . a phoneWith rates as low as $3.75 per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.

44、But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much help. They

45、 couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of bei

46、ng about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actually use. ”Friendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you arent as happy

47、 with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. .第37页，共54页。 2012福建高考卷A篇 短文长度：398个词。 本文作者以自己的亲身经历引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、资费标准及购买方式，实质上本文是一则广告。第38页，共54页。63.What made “I” finally think of ge

48、tting a cell phone?64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _. 2012年福建高考题阅读C篇事件计算细节事实第39页，共54页。63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grand

49、kids. C. Being persuaded by cell phone alespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.2012年福建高考题阅读A篇My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. 答非所问偷换概念答非所问第40页，共54页。64.On the mon

50、thly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99 D. $19.992012年福建高考题阅读C篇19.994第41页，共54页。65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _. A. its discount price with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its “global-positionin

51、g” system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world2012年福建高考题阅读C篇原文定位细节分析正误并存Affordable plans that I can understand一and no contract to sign (签订）！_第42页，共54页。选项In terms of the answers1 正误并存2 扩大缩小范围3 偷换概念4 以偏概全5 无中生有6 答非所问细节理解summary第43页，共54页。1，比较处常考2，因果关系处常考3，转折处常考4，引言处常考5，列举处常考常考

52、查位置：第44页，共54页。事实细节题解题技巧1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项summary第45页，共54页。4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。5.

53、注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.第46页，共54页。Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!Thank you!第47页，共54页。B篇Can dogs and cats live in perf

54、ect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found anewrecipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less t

55、han 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reporteda positive relationshipbetween their cat and dog.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in

56、25% of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats an

57、d dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence

58、.They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They c

59、an easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.第48页，共54页。32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.they are cold to each other B. they look away from each otherC. they misunders