电路专业术语分析解析

1、电路电流电荷电压电位电位差电动势功率能量电阻电导电感电容欧姆定律广义欧姆定律参考方向电压极性正极负极理想独立电压源Glossary of “ Principles of Electric CircuitsChapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuitselectrical circuit current electric chargevoltagepotentialpotential differenceelectromotive forcepowerenergyresistor / resistanceconductor / conduct

2、anceinductor / inductancecapacitor / capacitanceOhm s Lawgeneralized Ohm s Lawreference directionvoltage polaritypositive polaritynegative polarityideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCV

3、S) 压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS) 节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff s Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff s Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped

4、 element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equiva

5、lent resistanceY-变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method丽L电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵行列参考下点平面电路方程消去法克莱姆法则代入法运算放大器同向输入端反向输入端输出端等效电路模型开环放大倍数闭环放大倍数入端

6、电阻输出电阻线性工作区正向饱和区反向饱和区同向放大matrixrowcolumnreference nodeplanar circuitequationelimination techniqueCramer s rulesubstitution methodoperational amplifier(op amp)noninverting inputinverting inputoutputequivalent circuit modelopen-loop gainclosed-loop gaininput resistanceoutput resistancelinear regionpos

7、itive saturationnegative saturationnoninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器积分器微分器自激振荡叠加原理输入/激励输出/响应线性电路代数和替代定理戴维南定理诺顿定理二端网络开路电压短路电流特勒根定理功率平衡定理互易定理对偶原理对偶元件summing amplifierintegratordifferentiatorself-sustained oscillationCircuit Theoremssuperposition principle input / excitationoutput / resp

8、onselinear circuitalgebraic sum substitution principleThevenin s TheoremNorton s Theorem two-terminal circuit open-circuit voltage short-circuit currentTellegen TheoremPower-balancing Theorem reciprocal theorem principle of duality dual element对偶图dual graphNonlinear Circuit非线性电路非线性元件压控电阻流控电阻静态电阻动态电阻

9、小信号分析小信号模型分段线性化法数值解法nonlinear circuitnonlinear elementvoltage-controlled resistor current-controlled resistorstatic resistancedynamic resistancesmall-signal analysissmall-signal modalpiece-wise linear mthodnumerical analysisFirst-order Circuit一阶电路一阶微分方程过渡过程储能元件线性时不变电路单位阶跃函数单位脉冲函数单位斜坡函数first-order ci

10、rcuitfirst-order differential equationtransient processenergy storage elementlinear time-invariable circuitunit step functionunit pulse functionunit ramp function起始条件起始值零输入响应零状态响应稳态响应暂态响应时间常数指数函数阶跃响应冲激响应自由响应强迫响应全响应稳态值卷积积分时域延迟换路跳变现象脉冲持续时间 脉冲重复周期 时域initial conditioninitial valuezero-input responsezero

11、-state responsesteady-state responsetransient responsetime constantexponential functionstep responseimpulse responsenatural responseforced responsecomplete responsefinal valueconvolution integrationtime delayswitchingjump phenomenonpulse durationrepeating period of pulsetime domainSecond-order Circu

12、it二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency / undampednaturalfr

13、equency过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡角频率damping frequency / dampednaturalfrequency技减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数衰减Chapter 8幅值相位 相位差角频率周期频率正弦余弦初相角瞬时值 最大值 有效值root-meanu领先i u落后i同相反相实部complex attenuationSinusoidal Steady

14、-State Analysisamplitude / magnitudephasephase differenceangular frequencyperiodcyclic frequencysinusoidalcosineinitial phase angleinstantaneous valuemaximumeffective valuesquare value3 u leads i by （|）3 u lags i by （|）in phaseopposite in phasereal part虚部直角坐标形式极坐标形式指数形式相量参考相量电压三角形瞬时功率平均功率阻抗导纳电抗电纳感性容

15、性正弦稳态响应时域相量域视在功率功率因数复功率功率三角形imaginary partrectangular formpolar formexponential formphasorreference phasorvoltage triangleinstantaneous poweraverage powerimpedanceadmittancereactancesusceptanceinductivecapacitivesinusoidal steady-state responsetime-domainphasor-domainapparent powerpower factor (pf)c

16、omplex powerpower triangle复共轲complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power 阻抗匹配impedance matching共轲匹配conjugate matchingMagnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual

17、 / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗理想变压器全耦合变压器变比自耦合变压器多绕组变压器右螺旋定则同名端漏感reflected impendenceideal transformerunity-coupled transformerturns ratio / transformation

18、ratioauto-transformermultiple-winding transformerright-handed screw ruledotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity leakage inductanceResonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性

19、frequency-selection characteristicFrequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass fil

20、ter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线中性点三相四线制相电压线电压相序正序负序相电流线电流neutral lineneutral pointthree-phase four-wire systemphase voltageline voltagephas

21、e sequencepositive / abc sequencenegative / acb sequencephase currentline currentSteady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamenta

22、l frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线线状频谱奇次spectrum lineline spectrumodd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parseval s theoremFourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original

23、 function象函数transform function积分变换频域幅度谱相位谱矩形脉冲 线性性质 时域微分 时域积分 时域平移频域平移integral transformationfrequency domainamplitude spectrumphase spectrumrectangular pulselinearitytime differentiationtime integrationtime shift frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsTwo-port Netwo

24、rks端口port二端 口 网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripoleZ 参数impedance parametersY 参数admittance parametersH 参数Hybrid parametersT 参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point（二端口）级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantBasis of Network Graph Theory图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通

25、图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支割集linkcut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵秩基本回路矩阵基本割集矩阵单位阵转置阵正定矩阵非奇异矩阵逆矩阵方阵零矩阵行列式augmented matrixrankfundamental loop matrixfundamental cut set matrixunit matrix transposed matrixpositive definite matrixnonsingular matrixinverse matrixsquare

26、matrixzero matrixdeterminantState Variables Approach状态变量state variable状态方程stateequation状态空间state space歹!J 向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristic vector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩阵similar matrixNonlinear Dynamic Circuits非线性时变电路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法 forward Eular s method后向欧拉法 backward Eular s metho