定语从句课件 (3)

1、定语从句 在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词。I like music that is quiet and gentle.先行词关系词引导定语从句的的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。其中关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格 whose) 等.关系副词有when, where, why 等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用， 同时又在定语从句中充当一定的句法成分。关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它 受下列条件制约: (1) 先行词是指人还是指物; (2)关系词在从句中的句法功能

2、; (3)定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的. 关系代词的选用情况见下表:先行词在从句中的句法功能 用于限定性或非限定性定语从句 只用于限定性定语从句指人指物指人或指物主语whowhichthat宾语whowhichthat定语Whose Whose(of which)1.以上关系代词的常见基本用法中需要注意: that 和 which 在从句中作主语时, 不能省略, 作宾语时, 在口语和非正式文体中经常省略, whom 也常可省略。1.A plane is a machine which (或that) can fly.(作主语,不可省略) 2.The girl _we saw yesterd

3、ay is Jims sister.(作宾语,可省略)3.The watch_ I brought last year has been lost . (作宾语, 可省略) 4. You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. (作定语,不可省) whom (或that) which (或that) 2.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数要和先行词一致。a.The people who _ sick are wait for the doctor in the waiting room.b.The person

4、who _ sick are wait for the doctor in the waiting room.c.I like songs that _ great lyrics .d.I dont like a song that _ nosy music .areis have has关系词的选择（一）关系代词只能用that, 而不能用其他关系代词：1.当先行词是all, much, little, none, the one 或由no-, any-, every-构成的复合代词时； Ive explained everything _I can to you.2.先行词被all, eve

5、ry, some, little, much, last, any, no, few, the very, the only 等修饰时； He is the only person _ I trust .3.先行词是序数词或被序数词限定时； Jim is the first student _ gets to school every day .thatthatthat4.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；This is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever been to.5.先行词同时包含人和事物时； The visitors spoke highly of th

6、e children and performances _they saw at the children Palace.6. 或当主句是who或which 开头的特殊问句时，为只了避免重复， 习惯上多用that. Who is the person _let out the secret? thatthatthat（二）关系代词不能用that 情况1.在 非限定性定语从句中， 指物时只能用which,指人时只能用who, 不能用 that。a.She was not on the train , which arrived just now . b.Think about Stephen H

7、awking , who regards his many physical problems as unimportant .2.关系代词在定语从句中也作介词的宾语， 如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词+which, 或介词+whom, 不用介词+ that结构， 如果介词被置于从句句末， 则可用that 代替which 或whom, 且that 这时可省去： This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.This is the ring which (that) she spent 1000 dollars on.One of my

8、friends with whom you are familiar is coming today.One of my friends whom (that) you are familiar with is coming today.（三） Who 与whose 的用法 当先行词all, any 和a few指人时，或先行词是this,that, those 或these且指人时， 一般用who, Whose .Those who hadnt bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall. Any who break

9、s the law will be punished.关系副词的选用 关系副词的选用相对比较简单， when引导的定语从句修饰一个表时间的名词如time, day等。When在从句中作时间状语，when 可用介词on +which来替代。 I still remember the day when ( on which) I joined the army.Where 引导的定语从句修饰一个表地点的名词如 place, house, area等。Where本身作从句中谓语的地点状语，这时where 可用介词in +which来替代。 Ill never forget the mountain

10、village where (in which) I spent my childhood.Why 引导定语从句修饰一个表原因的名词reason, why在从句中作原因状语， why 可用介词for+which来替代。 I dont know the reason why ( for which) he did that.从以上三个例子来看， 关系副词引导的定语从句， 一般 情况下， 都可用介词+关系代词来替换关系副词。但是如果表地点或表时间的名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语就不能用关系副词引导定语从句， 而应用相应的关系代词来引导。 Mike is studying in a school th

11、at (which) was built in 1920.Those days that/which we spent with her was wonderful.作主语作宾语定语从句专项练习题1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C.whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A.whom B. which C.who D./3. The only language _ is easy to learn is the

12、 mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it4. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all5._ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who6. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday

13、. A. which B. whom C. whose D.this7. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C.which D./ 8. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are9. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he10. The boy _ has

14、two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door11. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who12.Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, to B. that, / C. where,

15、 to D. which, there13. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 14. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there15. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which16. The factory _ Mr. Li us

16、ed to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which17. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that18.The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten. A. on that B. which C. what D. on which19. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A

17、. when B. that C. where D. in which20. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which21. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what22. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. that B. which C.

18、where D. the one23. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 从句前面有两个以上的名词或代词时，必须根据从句的意义确定先行词。Find out three different things in the picture that is Jims . 找出吉姆照片里的三样不同的东西。Find out three different things in the picture that are Jims .找出照片里的吉姆的三