专题18阅读理解之科普类-备战2015高考英语6年真题分项版精解精析解析

1、【2014 高题】一、（2014卷）BRecordings ory bees are enough to send big, tough African eleants running away, a new study says.Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even preveneants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team foundeants avoid certarees with bees livinghem.Today,Lu

2、cy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage eleants from eating crops. But before sheasked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees wouldscare eleants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a re

3、corder. Then she threw a stoneothe beehive, which bursto life. Lucy and her assistant hidheir car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next，Lucy searched oueant famis in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in aclose to each family.From a distance, Lucy switchethe pre-recorde

4、d sound ory bees while at the same time recording theeleants wicamera. Half the eleant groups left the area withen seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups,only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reportedt all the young eleants immediay ran totheir mothers to hide under them. When Lucy

5、Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees tomany of the same eleant famis, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groupsstayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the eleants will continue to avoid the sound ory bees after hearing itseveral time

6、s. She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enoughto begrials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakershe fields to see if eleants are frightenedaway.60. We know from the passageeants may he frightened of .A. loud noisesB. some cropsC.cameras D.

7、 angry bees61. As mentionedhe passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more eleant groupsC. has stopped eleants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stoneo a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make aof eleants.C. To

8、 see if eleants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young eleants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make eleants stay in one place.C. Eleantsot go near trees with bees livinghem.D. Farmersot allow Lucy

9、to conduct testsheir fields.63.【】C【】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段 From a distance, Lucy switchethe pre-recorded sound orybees while at the same time recording the eleants wicamera. Half the eleant groups left the areawithen seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.可知当

10、她的时候，大部分的大象都在 10 秒钟只能离开了，说明大象很害怕蜜蜂。故 C 正确。蜜蜂二（2014卷）DMultitaskingWhat is thething you notice when you walko a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance?Or the soft background music?Buve you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scentmay not

11、 be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be anincreasingerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store hase famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out tothe entrance, via scent machines. A smell

12、may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. Onesports goods company once reportedt when itroduced scento its stores, customersentopurchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopstreets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands sucs as thequality of its wi

13、ndow displays and goods on slaes.t is mainly because shopis a very different experience towhat it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopwas on a few people with sales assistants disprovingattitude andt-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (merce)

14、hasopened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortarstores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment theyleave. Another brand store seeks to be muoren a shop, but rather a destination

15、. And scent is justay toachieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make suret the soft scent of babyder floatsthrough the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scenthe swimsuit section. A department store has even openeda new lab, inviting customers on a journeyo the stores windows to

16、 smell books, pots and drawers, in search oftheir perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasinglyerful toolhe sucs of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops are mentionedhe passage to .A. show the a

17、dvantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD.roduce the rise ofmerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragra5 means .A. a platformt exhibts goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers lov

18、e to goD. at a store expects to meet70. The main pure of the passage is to .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD.inform and explain店是为了说明实体店也有自己的优势。故A 正确。三（2014卷）DScientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Mostt using salites and otherhigh-

19、tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a spel way - by studyingmovements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research inthe early 1990s when he heard aboutdreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the north

20、west coast ofthe United Ses. There were so many shoest people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and rightshoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researchest the shoes about 60,000 in total fello the ocean in ashipaccident. Heoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the

21、 shoes back. As expected, thecompany told himt they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when andwhere the shoes wento the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of oceancurrents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds be

22、st areas forbing(海滩搜寻) because winds andcurrents join here, and as a result, there is a group of seriousbershe area. Ebbesmeyer got to know alot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collectedreliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With t

23、his data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computerprogram designed to mocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer hase known as the scientist to call with questions about anyunusual objects found floatinghe ocean. He has even star

24、ted an assotion ofbers and ocean experts,with 500 subscribers from West Africa tZealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from pooesto golf gloves.41. The underlinedrase swap meets in Paragra1 is closesteaning to .A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbes

25、meyhoned the shoe company to find out .A. what caused the shipaccidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it wasto use their shoesD. how much they losthe shipaccident43. How did Ebbesmeyrove his amption?A. By collecting information frombers.B. By studying the shoes found byber.C. By s

26、earching the web for ocean currents ms.D. By researching ocean currents datahe library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for .A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research assotionD.oning about any doubtful objec

27、ts on the sea45. What is the pure of the author in writing this passage?A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipsafetyhe ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.四（2014卷）CWorking with a

28、 group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. AleCarter of the Department ofZoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in abox. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, whil

29、eothers had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Cartresented themeither winovel food or a threathe form of a mof a poisonouake.She foundtality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did notlearn the task although they w

30、atched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the braveones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experiencedbaboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals lear

31、nt the task byobserving others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch betn collecting sol information and using it showstality plays a key role insol learning in animals, somethings previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do t

32、hings.The findings are significant because they suggestt animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks notbecause they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the solinformation.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in soci

33、eties through sol learning. Ifsome individuals are unable to get information from others because theyt assote with the knowledgeableindividuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel betn allgroup members, preventing the formation of a culture bases

34、ol learning.59. What is theparagramainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carters research.B. The results of Dr. Carters research.C. The pure of Dr. Carters research.D. The significance of Dr. Carters research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A.

35、Thoseve more experience.B. Thoset can avoid potential risks.C. Thoset like to work independently.D. Thoset feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragra4?A. Some baboons areelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in sol activities

36、.C. Some baboons observe others butt follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks butt concentrate.62. Dr. Carters findings indicatet our culture might be formed through .A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling betn sol groups【长难句】五（2014 湖南卷）C

37、The behaviour of a buildings users may beeast as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according tresearch from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbonemiss (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon

38、by2016. But this report showst sustainable building design on its own though extremely important- is notenough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggestst the wayst people use and liveheir homes have been largely ignored by existin

39、gefforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,explains Katy Janda, a UKERC seniorresearcher，consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. I

40、n other words，old habitsdie hard, evenhe best-designed eco-home.Anothart of the problem is information. Households and bill-payersve the knowledge they need tochange their energy-use habits. Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of makingdifferent choi. Feedback (反

41、馈） facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge thisinformation gap by helpeople see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studieshave shownt households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Sol science research has added

42、 a further dimen(方面），suggestingt individualsbehaviourhehome can beal and cannot be predicted 一 whetheople throw open their windows rathern turn downthe thermos(恒温器) , for example. Janda arguest education is the key. She calls for a focused programme toteach people about buildings and their own behav

43、iourhem.66.As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of.A.zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC.sustainabuilding designD. the reduction of carbon emiss67.The underlined word “which” in Paragra2 refers to”.”A.the waysB. their homesC.developmentsD. existing e

44、fforts68.What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A.The importance of changing building users, habits.B.The nesity of making a careful building design.C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69.The information gap in energy use .

45、A.can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB.affects the study on energy monitorsC.brings about problems for smart metersD.will be caused by building users old habits70.What does the dimenadded by sol science research suggest?A.The sol science research is to be furthered.B.The education programme is und

46、er discus.C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.【考点】科普知识类短文【长难句】1.The behaviour of a buildings users may beeast as important as its design when it comes to energy use六（2014 江苏卷）CMost damagingly, anger weakensrsons ability to think

47、clearly and keep control over his behaviour. Theangryloses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of theor situationt arouses hisanger.Not everyone experienangerhe same way; what angers onemay amuse another.The specificexpresoer also differs fromtobased on biological and cultaral for.

48、In contemporaryculture,ysical express oer are generally considered too solly harmful to be tolerated. We no longerregard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expresof anger resulting from ones awareness of insultingbehaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identifiedhe brain, where the electrical activit

49、y changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity betn the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to teral even-handed disition （意向）t most of ussess most of thetime. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left pre

50、frontal areas arent balanced and. as a result of this,were likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whethositive or negative.Mostitive emotions are assoted with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Mostnegative emotions,

51、 in contrast, are assoted wivoidance behaviour: we move away from people and thingstwe dislike ort make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely weare to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensi

52、ve anger: theangrymoves closer in order to influence and control theor situation causing his anger. Thisapproach-and-confront behaviour ispanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称 ) of EEG activity.erestingly, this asymmetry lessens ifthe angrycan experience empathy (同感) towards the individualw

53、ho is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the rightand the angryfeels helplesshe face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.61. The duels example in Paragra2 provest the expresoer.A. usually has a biological basisB. varies among peopleC. is

54、 solly and culturally shdD. influenones thinking and evaluation62.What changes can be found in an angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C.Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.D.Electrical activity agrees with ones d

55、isition.63.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source oer.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helplesshe face oer.64. What is the key message of the last paragra?A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How an

56、ger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger.D. Behavioural patterns oer.近让生气的对象。这是典型的 offensive anger 的表现。故A 正确。64.【】D段落大意题。根据本段 1,2 行 Mostitive emotions are assoted wipproach behaviour及 Most negative emotions, in contrast, are assoted wivoidance behaviour 中的 approach behaviour 和

57、avoidance behaviour 可知本段讲述的是的时候，人们表现出的行为模式。故D 正确。七（2014 辽宁卷）AA new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on examsn those whouse laptops（笔记本电脑）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But theresearch has found

58、 laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experimentst aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency tomake notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.heexperiment, students were given ei

59、ther a laptop or pen and pr. They listened to the same lecturesand were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examinetheir abilityto remember facts anhow well they understood concepts.The researchers foundt laptop users took twice as many notes as those

60、 who wrote by hand. However, thetypists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came tomemorizing facts.The researchers report said, “While more notes arc benefil, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is morelikely the case on a laptop, the ben