河南师范大学2015年考研真题631基础英语

1、2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题编号：A卷科目代码与名称：631基础英语 适用专业或方向：外国语言文学 考试时间：3小时满分：150分（必须在答题纸上答题，在试卷上答题无效，答题纸可向监考老师索要）Part I Multiple Choice (30 X 1= 30)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Below each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. Choose your answer and mark the correspondi

2、ng letter on your ANSWER SHEET.“At last dayand it began to get light.” “Its time for you to leave.broke b. lighted c. rose d. lightenedHow about John? My uncleJohn a good student.believes b. suggests c. considers d. knowsI often feel a sudden fast heart beat when Fm idle. You should stop yourexercis

3、ing and needa. to check you heartb. to have your heart checkedc. to have checked your heart d. have checked your heartHe hadrf t hadbefore he joined the army.a. much education b. many educationsc. little education d. few educationsTwo hours sometimeslike eternity.a. looks b. seems c. look d. seem6.1

4、 am. The child refuses to eat anything I cook for him.a. at my wits，end b. at my wit endc. at the end of my wit d. on my wit endDo try to arrive in time for the fanfere precedingarrival ofQueen.a. the; the b. a; a c. /; the d. the; /have studied English in our school.a. Most of studentsb. The most s

5、tudentsc. Most of the students d. Most the studentsIf you work hard, your success is.a. out of the question b. out of questionc. out of a question d. from the questionMarch is the third month ofa. a year b. year c. the year d. yearsShe frantically triedin the door butworked.a. every of her keys, non

6、e b. all of her keys, not every onec. all of her keys, none d. her all keys, not allIt is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quitetoperform skillfully yourself.a. any other b. another c. other thing d. some otherThey always give the available seats tocomes first.a. whoever b. whom

7、 c. which d whomeverThe living standard of the peoplein the last ten years.a. rose b. has been rising c. has been raising d. raisedWho is going tothe phone?a. reply b. repeat c. answer d. pickUnless you have a good map, our village is very difficult to.a. accept b. locate c. realize d. pointIn this

8、factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fullya. admitted b acknowledged c, absorbed d. considered1 & My camera can beto take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.a. treated b. adopted c. adjusted d. remediedAlthough he doesnt like the law, he willwith it.a. confine b. co

9、nform c. comply d. confirmThis popular sports can is now beingat the rate of a thousand a week.a. turned down b. turned out c. turned up d. turned onAs it is a very popular play, it would be wise toseats in advance.a. buy b. preserve c. book d. occupy22.1 used to believe his tall stories; now he rar

10、ely succeeds in.a. putting me in b. taking me in c. getting me in d. throwing me inIt costs five dollars; pay what you can and Fllthe difference.a. make after b. make down c. make intod. make upAlthough he is recognized as one of the most brilliant scientists in his field,Professor White cannot seem

11、 toin class.a. get his idea down b recall his ideasc. summarize his ideas d. het his ideas across, she ran out of the room.Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyTurning suddenly, with tears in her eyesWith a sudden turn, tearful eyeWith tears in her eyes and a sudden turn, follow the direction

12、s on the bottle carefully.When take the pillsb. When taking the pillsc. When one takes the pillsd When takes the pillsHe is prone tolazy and rather given to, but one cant helpliking him all the same.to be, moralise b. to be, moralizingc. being, moralise d. to being, moralise2& In her writing, she of

13、ten dealt with her own personality as it is, rather than as others defined it b. others9 definitionsc. definitions of others d. it was defined by others, if he doesift learn he knows nothing.a. So clever as a man ever isb. A man is ever so cleverc. To be an man ever so cleverd. No matter how he is c

14、leverTom might have come to school in time for professor Browns lecturea. if he got up earlierb. unless he had got up earlierc. but he got up rather lated. but he had got up so latePart II. General Knowledge (15 X 1=15)Directions: There are 15 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the be

15、st answer to each question and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.1 In 1932, the American people choseas their next president.a. Theodore Roosevelt b. Franklin Rooseveltc. Woodrow Wilson d. Herbert HooverHenry James was regarded as one of the pioneers of.a. black humor b. existential novelc. real

16、istic novel d. psychological novelHard Times was written by.a. Thackeray b. Sir Walter Scott c. Jane Austen d. Charles Dickensstudies the ways in which speech sounds form systems and patterns inhuman languages.a. Linguistics b. Pragmatics c. Phonology d. PhoneticsIn the United Kingdom, each member o

17、f Parliament represents a, andholds his seat during the life of a parliament.a. constituency b. shire c. borough d. countyThe American government is divided into three branches, the legislative, theexecutive and the judicial. They are represented by, andrespectively.a. the Supreme Court; The Congres

18、s; the Presidencythe Congress; the Supreme Court; the Presidencythe Congress; the Presidency; the Supreme Courtthe Presidency; the Congress; the Supreme CourtThe poem To Autumn was written by.Shelly b. Byron c. Wordsworth d. Keats& Which of the following is NOT one of the design feature of language?

19、Symbol b. Duality c. Productivity d. ArbitrarinessThe majority of back-formed words are.nouns b adjectives c. verbs d. adverbsThe Tories were the forerunners of, which still bears hisnickname today.a. the Labour Partyb. the Conservative Partyc. the Liberal Partyd. the Social Democratic PartyThe Cana

20、dian population is chiefly characterized by.a. its size b. its growth c. its linguistic duality d. its French originsA hybrid is a word made up of elements belonging to two or more.a. foreign languages b. different languagesc. Germanic languages d. Romance languagesChaucer was the first important po

21、et to write inafter the NormanConquest.a. French b. Latin c. English d. Greek“To err is human, to forgive, divine. is taken from the poem written by.a. John Milton b. Francis Bacon c. Shakespeare d. Alexander PopeWhich of the following is a derived word?a. Taxi b. Lady c. Modernize d. EagerPart III.

22、 Error Identification and Correction (10X2=20)Directions: The flowing passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error*. Proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a WRONG WORD, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provid

23、ed after the line. For a MISSING WORD, mark the position of the missing word with a Assign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank For an UNNECESSARY WORD, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash F and put the word in the blank provided after the line.1Henry Ford probably didif

24、t know how many the car was going to affect American culture. And it helped to make the United States that it is now.There are three reasons which the car became so popular in the United States. First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most

25、_comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. People can go where without spending a lot of money. The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation Long-distance trains have never been as common i

26、n the United States as they are in another parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive not to be used frequently.The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of dependence is what really made cars popular.

27、Americans dont like to have followed an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom what Americans want most to have.Part IV. Cloze (15X1=15)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. Fill in each of the blanks with ONE word that

28、 best completes the sentence. Write the words on your ANSWER SHEET.There are two ways in which we can think of literary translation: as reproduction, and as recreation. If we think of translation as reproduction, it is a safe and harmless enough business: the translator is a literature processor int

29、o which the 丄 to be translated is inserted and out of which it ought to emerge identical, but in another 2_But unfortunately the human mind is an imperfect machine, and the goal of precise linguistic message-transference is 3 achieved; so the translator offers humble apologies for being capable of p

30、roducing only a pale shadow of the4 Since all he is doing is $ another meanings from onelanguage to 6, he removes himself from sight so that the writers genius can7 as brightly as may be. To do this, he uses a neutral, conventionally literary language which ensures that the result will indeed be a p

31、ale 8, inwhich it is impossible for anybody genius to shineReaders also 9 the translator as a neutral meaning-conveyor, then attribute the mediocrity of the Q to the original author. Marin Amis, for example, declares that Don Quixote is unreadable, without stopping to think about the consequences of

32、 the feet that 1 he has read or not read is what a 12_ wrote, not what Cervantes wrote. If we regard literary translation like this, as message-transference, we have to conclude that before very long it will be 13 out perfectly well by computers.There are many pressures encouraging translators to ac

33、cept this description of their work, apart from the fact that it is a scientific description and therefore mustbe right. The large publishing houses provideencouragement, since theyalso expect the translator to be a literary processor, who not only copies texts but simplifies them as well, eliminati

34、ng troublesome complexities and manufacturing a readily consumable 15 for the marketplace.Part V. Reading Comprehension (20 X 1=20)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark you answers on your ANSWER SHEET

35、.Passage OneMorally and socially, laughter has not been well regarded throughout history. Prior to the last hundred years or so, laughter in public was about as socially acceptable as vigorous breaking of wind would be today. In Medieval times, physicians located each emotion in some organ of the bo

36、dy. Love, for example, was seated in the heartif they had chosen another particular organ which would seem to be a more logical contender, we would be sending each other quite different shapes on Valentines day. The seat of laughter was the spleen, apparently to indicate that laughter was viewed as

37、a Tow form of behavior.It is no surprise that Victorian England was not big on laughter. Nevertheless, Queen Victoria did deliver one immortal quip in comment on a man charged with the attempted murder of the British Prime Minister, and who was pleading insanityWe do not believe that anyone could be

38、 insane who would wish to murder a Conservative Prime Minister. Neither was laughter popular with the Church. The Puritans in particular looked upon it with disdain and permitted it only when it served to illustrate a moral lesson.Sigmund Freud distinguished between malign and benign laughter. Laugh

39、ter was malign, he argued, when it indicated an underlying pathology, i.e., served as an outlet for underlying sexual and aggressive impulses. Benign laughter did not indicate any underlying pathology. An example of being benign humor is where a person masters unfortunate or unpleasant situations by

40、 turning them around and making a joke of them.In humor, as in everything else, there are different levels of quality. This can range from the sparkling wit of Oscar Wilde to the crudity of the drinking-club blue joke. In my opinion the ethnic joke is fairly low on the totem pole. The object of thes

41、e jokes is to highlight supposed negative characteristics in the target group, e.g., in the Irish joke, Paddy is always stupid. Of course this does not mean that many such jokes cannot be funny; simply that, as a genre, they are cruel and biased. Here is none I read recently, of American originQuest

42、ion: What is a real quick way to lean Irish? Answer: Repeat the following words in quick successionWHALE, OIL, BEEF, HOOKED.Since the mid 1940s it has gradually come to be well accepted that tension and stress are bad for the health. We know that someone with a Type A personality, characterized by s

43、eriousness, cynicism, stress, concern with time, hostility and impatience, has a greater risk of having a heart attack than the Type B personality. Type B personalities are defined as those who do not exhibit the characteristics itemized above for Type A, i.e., they are less serious, more relaxed, n

44、ot particularly competitive, slow to anger, more patient, etc. if psychological factors such as stress and tension can cause illness, and they can, then, surely, opposing psychological factors such as a sense of humor, which will lessen and deflate stress and tension, must have a positive effect on

45、health.Although it remains to be unambiguously demonstrated that humor is good for you health, there is no doubt that it enhances the quality of life. There are few more pleasant sensations than sharing a laugh with friends. Well, I will leave it at that, and I hope that your opinion of my musings o

46、n this subject is more favorable than Dr Samuel Johnsons reply to an author who had sent him his manuscript for reviewYout manuscript is both good and original; but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good.According to the author, a hundred years ago laughter i

47、n public wassocially acceptableb. as acceptable as it is todayc. not socially acceptabled. regarded highly as an emotionThe citation of Queen Victoria is used to indicate that.Victorian England accepted laughterVictorian England did not accept laughterthough generally speaking laughter was disliked

48、it nevertheless existed at that timelaughter was very rare since England at the time did not accept laughterAccording to the passage, Freud argued that.benign laughter represented an underlying pathologybenign laughter might be an outlet for sexual and aggressive impulsesmalign laughter revealed a p

49、erson5s control of unfortunate situationsmalign laughter indicated an outlet for sexual and aggressive impulsesThe author has a low opinion of the ethnic joke because.its object reveals ethnic prejudiceb. it is an Irish jokec. Paddy is always stupidd. it cannot be funnyIt can be inferred from the pa

50、ssage that.the Type A” personality is more inclined to laughter or hum orthe “Type B personality is opposed to a sense of humorhumor is undoubtedly good for healthhumor can enhance the quality of lifePassage TwoA riddle is making the rounds that goes like this: A man and his young son were in an aut

51、omobile accident The father was killed and the son, who was critically injured, was rushed to a hospital. As attendants wheeled the unconscious boy into the emergency room, the doctor on duty looked down at him and said, My God, its my son! What was the relationship of the doctor to the injured boy?

52、If the answer doesnt jump to your mind, another riddle that has been around a lot longer might help: The blind beggar had a brother. The blind beggar brother died. The brother who died had no brother. What relation was the blind beggar to the blind beggars brother?Except for words that refer to fema

53、les by definition (mother, actress, congresswoman), and words for occupations traditionally held by females (nurse, secretary, prostitute), the English language defines everyone as male. The hypothetical person (If a man can walk 10 miles in two hours the average person (the man in the street) and t

54、he active person (the man on the move,) are male. The assumption is that unless otherwise identified, people in general一including doctors and beggarsare men. It is a semantic mechanism that operates to keep women invisible: man and mankind represent everyone; he in generalized use refers to either s

55、ex; the Tend where our fathers died is also the land of our mothersalthough they go unsung. As the beetle-browed and mustachioed man in a Steig cartoon says to his two male drinking companions, When I speak of mankind, one thing I dont mean is womankind.The author of the passage uses two riddles to

56、show that.sometimes it is hard to determine human relationshipsthere are riddles which may not be solved immediatelyriddles are sometimes easy to solve if you see thempeople have a fixed way to look at thingsThe answers to the riddles are that.the doctor was the boys mother and the beggar was her br

57、otherthe doctor was the boys mother and the beggar was her brother sisterthe doctor was the boy，s father and the beggar was her brother sisterthe doctor was the boys father and the beggar was her brotherAccording to the author, to say that a woman in medicine is an exceptionsimply means there are fe

58、w women who works as doctorsis wrong because there are many women doctorsis a correct statementshows that the language is male orientedAccording to the author, the language tries to keep womena. identifiable b. undefinable c. hidden d. oppressedIt can be inferred that the author of the passage is pr

59、imarilya. a linguist b. a sociologist c. a congresswoman d. a feministPassage ThreeBefore we can say anything meaningful about the changing nature of careers, it is necessary to consider what the concept of career” means. It is a troublesome term, for several reasons.In the sense in which young peop

60、le are often encouraged to think about it, by educators, fiction, the media, careers advisers and others, a career is something which is chosen or aspired towarda lifetime course of cumulative occupational experience. This view, though faithful to the term，s etymological origins (from the old French