qualfundepl(QFD)培训资料ppt课件

1、Quality Function DeploymentOverview质量功能展开(QFD)概览1. Introduction 导言2. QFD-A way of thinking QFD-一种思想方式3. QFD-A tool QFD-一种工具.QUIZQFD is a tool used in the _ strategy of MAPS.This strategy is used for _ problems, when _.QFD is part of the _ process at General Motors and Delphi Automotive.Objectives of

2、 the OverviewQFD概览的主要目的1. Introduce the QFD way of thinking 引见QFD思想方式2. Introduce QFD Terminology 引见QFD专业术语3. Show the QFD Process 引见QFD实施过程.Part 1第一部分Introduction导言1.QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途A way of thinking:作为一种思想方式：thinking about Quality;思索质量问题；striving for Continuous Improvement;努力于不断改良；- under

3、standing the Customer and his/her needs; 了解客户及其需求；- assuring the product satisfies those needs; 确保，产品可以满足这些需求；- striving to excite the Customer. 努力激发客户对产品的兴趣。.QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途A tool:作为一种工具：for summarizing and organizing customer needs;用于汇总和调整客户的各种需求；for prioritizing Customer needs with othe

4、r requirements;用于按优先次序陈列客户需求与其它要求；.QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途for translating Customer needs and other requirements into measureable product characteristics, and further translating into design features, material specs, etc.用于将客户需求和其它要求转化为可丈量的产品特性，并进一步转化为设计特点，资料规格等。Without the right frame of mind, the

5、 tool is meaningless.假设没有一个正确的思想方式，这一工具将毫无意义。.Part 2第二部分QFD is a way of thinkingQFD是一种思想方式2.Quality质量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定义Manufacturer Side:制造商方面：Staying within tolerances不超出公差限制Passes inspection检验合格Works the first time无返工Zero defects无缺陷.Quality质量Some Traditional and Commo

6、n Definitions一些常用的普通定义Use of SPC采用统计过程控制方法(SPC)Added features添加功能Expensive materials采用贵重原资料.Quality质量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定义Consumer Side:用户方面Lasts a long time运用寿命长Never needs repair不需求维修Lots of features功能多High standards规范高Good fit of parts/solid feel零部件装配适宜/结实巩固Expensive ma

7、terials运用贵重原资料I know it when I see it一见便知.History of QFDQFD开展史Middle Ages-Master Craftsman中世纪-熟练工匠Industrial Revolution-Interchangeability/Mass Production工业革命-互换性/大规模消费Taylor Revolution-Productivity Up, Quality Down泰勒革命-产量提高，质量下降1920s-Shewhart developed Control Chart20年代-休哈特发明了控制图WWII-Statistical To

8、ols第二次世界大战-统计工具.History of QFDQFD开展史Post-WWII-Shortage of Consumer Goods第二次世界大战后-消费品短缺Japanese Revolution-Deming, Juran, Taguchi日本革命-戴明、朱兰、田口.History of QFDQFD开展史1964-Cause and effect for control points1964年-控制点产生的缘由及其影响1966-Bridgestone tire linked product assurance items to demanded quality1966年-为满

9、足质量要求，制定了与Bridgestone轮胎有关的保证、产质量量规范1966-QFD formalized by Prof. Akao1966年赤尾教授提出了QFD1972-揌ouse of Quality?demonstrated at Kobe Shipyard1972年-千叶造船厂推出了“质量屋.History of QFDQFD开展史1977-Toyota Rust Study1977年-建立了丰田锈蚀研讨所1980s-Japanese invasion of Auto Industry80年代-日本打入汽车业1990抯- 揝ix Sigma?tool at GE90年代-美国通用电

10、气公司采用“6 Sigma方法.Control Points (from Akao, 1996)控制点(1996年Akao，教授提出)Plant Manager工厂管理人Section Mgr部门管理人Operators操作者Supervisors监视员Manuf. Profit Rate消费利润率Quantity Variance数量差别Individual Effectiveness个人效率Overall Yield总产量yield of product C产品C的产量quantity of items packed包装产品数量use volume ratio运用容积 比率material

11、 quality资料质量waste water废水reaction temperature反响温度downtime停机时间reaction base反响根底instrument accuracy仪器精度material temperature资料温度active ingredients活性成份alkali level碱度color颜色odor气味yield盈利率production volume产量Product Qualitiy产质量量.GE Plastics Application美国通用电气公司塑料制品运用情况Operating Margin 营业毛利Shipments 装运量Impro

12、ve Service 改良效力Improve Product 改良产品Leadership Developmenet指点程度提高Core Growth中心增长Cost本钱Quality质量Level I-Vision第一级 - 洞析.Comm.通讯Tech. Sourcing技术开发Manuf.制造H/R人类资源M&LM&LFinance资金筹措BPABPAResin树脂Finishing精加工Level I-Vision第一级 - 总体目的Level II-Staff areas第二级 -人员Level III -Departments第三级部门Level IV- 揗y X抯第四级“我的Xs

13、LexanTM Business Unit业务部门My X answers: What do I control to improve earnings per share,.?我的X回答：我经过控制什么才干提高每股的收益？指点程度提高中心增长营业毛利装运量改良效力改良产品本钱质量.Quality质量Useful Definitions适用定义The ability to satisfy given needs (ANSI).可以满足各项特定要求(ANSI)。 Minimum loss to society (Taguchi).给社会呵斥的损失最小(Taguchi)。The first of

14、these definitions focuses on the individual customer.其中第一项定义首先着眼于个别客户。The second views society as a customer. Society includes everyone inside and outside the company.第二项定义将“社会视为一个客户。“社会包括公司内部和外部的每一个人。.Quality isThe Ability to Satisfy Given Needs质量系指满足各种特定需求的才干(The first part of the definition)(第一部分

15、定义).Quality isthe customers perception of the products ability to satisfy needs!质量系指客户知道产品可以满足他们的需求！Quality质量Customer客户Product产品Knowledge知识Needs需求Expectations期望Values价值Features特点Functions功能Properties性能Condition条件Morup, 1993.Which Car Has Better Acceleration?哪种汽车的加速性能更好？time to accelerate to 60 mph (

16、%)加速到每小时60英里所需求的时间(%)020406080100120140American美国汽车Japanese日本汽车.The Reason.缘由01234501234567.Kanos Model of Customer NeedsKano的客户需求模型Customers have different types of needs. Prof. Kano identified three types of needs, each delivered by a different type of product quality:客户有三种不同类型的需求。Kano教授提出了三种客户需求，

17、其中每项需求都遭到一种不同产质量量的刺激。Customers Need客户需求Type of Product Quality 产质量量类型 Expected Need 预期需求 Basic Quality 根本质量 Articulated Need 连锁需求 1-Dimensional Quality - 维质量 Hidden Need 潜在(隐含)需求 Exciting Quality 可以刺激需求的质量.Kano抯 ModelKano质量+Exciting可以刺激需求的质量1-D - 维质量Basic根本质量Degree of Execution实施程度Degree of Customer

18、Satisfaction客户称心程度.Kano抯 ModelKano 模型Some features of Kano抯 model:Kano模型的一些特点：it is market/customer dependent由市场和客户决议it is dynamic动态模型.A Product抯 Features and Characteristics fulfill the Requirements产品的特点和性能符合各项要求A goal in DESIGN is to identify the important product characteristics, and then to iden

19、tify a Target Value for each of them in order to satisfy customer requirements and make the product durable, reliable, robust, and manufacturable.设计的目的是确定重要的产品特性，然后确定每一特性应到达的目的值，以满足客户要求，并使产品经久耐用，运用可靠，结实巩固，便于制造。This is doing the right thing.这样做是对的。.In MANUFACTURING, we control and monitor our process

20、 to assure that the important product characteristics stay on target and the products come out the way they were designed.在制造过程中，我们该当控制和监视工艺流程，以保证重要的产品特性符合“目的要求，并使所制造的产品到达设计规范。This is doing things right.这样做是对的。.Quality isMinimizing Loss to Society质量就是尽量减少给社会呵斥的损失(The second part of the definition.)(

21、第二部分定义).Loss Function损失函数When a product characteristic is OFF TARGET, not only does the products consumer lose, because he/she is dissatisfied, but society loses as well, due to当某个产品的特性不符合规定的要求时，这不仅会给感到不称心的产品用户呵斥损失，而且还会给社会呵斥损失。因为：more scrap in the plant;工厂废品添加；shorter product life, resulting in land

22、fill;产品寿命缩短，用完就扔掉；inefficiency, resulting in wasted energy resources;效率不高呵斥能源浪费；.Loss Function损失函数noise, vibration, and pollution, resulting in irritation.噪音、振动和污染令人烦恼；There are other examples as well. 还可以举出其它的例子。 .Loss Function损失函数Taguchi gives a method for depicting and quantifying the loss to soc

23、iety for a single product and for an entire production run. His method is the loss function.田口提供了一种描画和量化“社会损失的方法。这种方法既适用于单一产品，也适用于整个消费过程，这就是损失函数法。.Loss Function损失函数Target目的Loss损失.Loss Function损失函数USL规格上限LSL规格下限UCL控制上限LCL控制下限Loss损失Product Characteristic产品特性Just meeting specs or control limits is not

24、good enough!仅仅符合规格或未超出控制限制是很不够的！.Steps for Producing Quality保证质量的步骤Find or Create a Market Need了解或发明市场需求Define the Requirements for the Product确定对产品的要求Design the Product for Quality:设计产品，确保质量：Synthesize the Design for Quality, Reliability, Robustness (Concept Design and Selection)在设计过程中，综合思索产质量量、可靠性

25、、耐用性(概念设计和选择).Steps for Producing Quality保证质量的步骤Define the Target Values for the Product Characteristics (Detail Design)确定产品特性的目的值(详细设计)Reduce Variation in manufacturing around the Target Values在产品制造过程中减少偏离目的值的偏向Continual Improvement of the Product不断改良产质量量.Quality Function DeploymentSummary (so far)

26、质量功能提要(迄今为止)1. Introduction 导言2. QFD-A way of thinking QFD- 一种思想方式Quality: some traditional definitions质量：一些传统的定义There is no universal definition!没有一种常用的定义Quality means satisfying needs质量系指满足各种需求.Quality Function DeploymentSummary (so far)质量功能提要(迄今为止)Perception is important!了解质量情况是非常重要的！Kano: Basic,

27、 1-D, and Exciting qualityKano：根本质量、一维质量和可以刺激需求的质量Quality is related to MeasureableCharacteristics质量与可丈量的特性有关.Summary提要2. QFD-A way of thinking (cont.) QFD - 一种思想方式(续)Quality means minimizing loss to society 质量系指尽量减少给社会呵斥的损失Loss Function: make products to target损失函数：使产品到达目的要求Minimize variation = min

28、imize loss最大差别 = 最大限制地减小损失Steps for Producing Quality保证消费质量的步骤Market, Requirements, Design, Manufacture市场、要求、设计、制造3. QFD-A tool QFD - 一种工具.Part 3第三部分QFD is a TOOLQFD是一种工具3.The activities associated with gathering, understanding, and translating customer needs and building these needs into the produc

29、t and process. 搜集、了解和阐明客户的需求，并将这些需求融入产品和制造过程。_Deployment means that the customers needs are acted upon by many levels of the organization, and must therefore be translated accordingly.“展开系指由各级组织确保满足客户的需求，而且必需对这些需求作出相应的解释。.Demings Four Prongs of Quality戴明的质量四要素1. Innovation in Product and Service; 革新

30、产品和效力；2. Innovation in Process; 革新工艺流程；3. Improvement of Existing Product and Service; 改良现有产品和效力；4. Improvement of Existing Process. 改良现有工艺流程；QFD is especially suited for 3 and 4.QFD特别适宜其中第3、4两项.QFD begins with the customer requirementsQFD首先着眼于客户要求Ways to Obtain Customer Requirements了解客户要求的途径1. Send

31、 the customer a survey. 向客户发送调查表。2. Ask the customer one-on-one. 逐个向客户提出讯问。3. Focus groups. 偏重客户群体。4. Visit the 揼emba?(preferred method). 亲临“现场(最好的方法).Other methods其它方法5. Focus group with an existing product to show. 向重点客户群体展现现有产品。6. Let the focus group design a product with no constraints. 让重点客户群体设

32、计一种产品， 不施加任何限制条件。7. Focus group with a concept to show. 向重点客户群体展现一种想象。.Who is the Customer?谁是客户？The person who designs the vehicle containing your product在其设计的汽车中采用了他的产品的汽车设计者The person who installs the product into the vehicle在汽车中安装了他的产品的人The person who services the product, if needed, at the vehic

33、le plant在汽车制造厂，对产品进展必要维修的人.Who is the Customer?谁是客户？The person who buys the vehicle and uses the product (even if they don抰 know where or what your product is, it抯 important to them!)购买汽车并运用他的产品的客户(即使他们不知道哪个产品是他的，以及它装在什么地方，这对他们来说仍很重要！)The person who services the product, if needed, at a customer ser

34、vice garage在汽车修缮厂，对产品进展必要维修的人The person who disassembles the product for reuse, recycling, or disposal为再用、回收或处置装配产品的人etc.其它.A Game游戏揟he idea of this flag method is unique in that it incorporates priority focus and characteristics and factors relationships.?“旗标法思想的独特之处在于，它将优先思索的重点、产品特性和各种要素之间的关系融为一体。

35、This game illustrates what can happen to customer requirements in the flowdown process!这项游戏阐明，在下行过程中会产生什么样的客户要求！.Next Important Step: 下一个重要步骤： Translate into Product Characteristics将客户要求转化为产品特性After collecting, sorting, and grouping the customer requirements, we must translate them into quantifiable

36、 product characteristics在搜集了客户要求，并进展挑选和分类后，必需将这些要求转化为可以量化的产品特性。we don抰 understand the requirements until we 揷an express them in numbers?只需当我们“可以量化客户要求时，我们才算真正了解了这些要求。we can抰 objectively evaluate alternative designs unless we can do it with numbers只需当我们可以经过量化目的评价设计方案时，我们才干客观地作出评价。.House of Quality质量屋

37、A matrix tool for documenting the customer requirements and the product characteristics that affect them.用于阐明客户要求和影响客户要求的产品特性矩阵法。Reqmt要求PC产品特性PCPCPCReqmt抯要求PC抯产品特性.Flowdown下行过程Product characteristics from the top level matrix are translated into subsystem, component, even manufacturing characteristics. Each matrix is an input to the next level.上层矩阵中的产品特性应转化为子系统、零部件、甚至是消费特性。每层矩阵都是下层矩阵的输入。.Top Level顶层Subsystem Level子系统层Component Level零部件层Flowdown下行过程.Exercise练习Now let抯 look at the process in detail by working