Unit9KidsandComputersDigitalDanger翻译

1、WORD格式PAGE1 / NUMPAGES4Unit9KidsandComputers:DigitalDangerAlisonSperry1.Theresafamiliarsaying,Playischildrenswork.Throughplay,peoplewhostudychilddevelopmenttellus,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Playinghouseorschool,forexample,helpsthemtryontherolesofMomorDado

2、rteacher.Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.2.Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormou

3、simpactongrowingchildren.Formanykids,computeractivitiesandvideogamesnowtakeupmuch-evenmost-ofthetimeformerlydevotedtomoretraditionalformsofplay.EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.Howhavetheybeenaffectedbythischange

4、intheconceptofplay?Socialscientists,parents,andtalkshowpunditswillbedebatingthequestionforyearstocome.Butwecanstartdrawingourownconclusions.Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children-andsocietytheylivein-aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,wirede

5、ntertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.3.WatchachildtakeaballofPlay-Dohinherhandandbegintorollitexperimentally.Firstitsasimpleball,thenasnake.Thesnakemightbecomeafigureeightorabracelet.Shecoilsthebraceletontopofitselftocreateapotthatsh

6、eusesforamake-believeteaparty.Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorseshead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.Withnothingbutherhandsandaninexpensivechunkofflourandsalt,sheformsauniverseinwhichshemakestherulesandcreatestheinhabitants.Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoas

7、hapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse.TheactofplayingwiththePlay-Dohsparksotherinterestsmaybeshellworkwithmodelingclaythatshecanbakeintoapermanentform,orpaints,orpapier-machAlthoughshedoesntgivewhatshesdoingagreatdealofthought,sheslearningsomethingvaluable:Iamacreator.Icangivemyideastangiblef

8、orm.4.Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.TheplayerisgivenvariouschoicesateveryturnWhichdoorwillIgothrough?WhichweaponwillIuse?WhatclueshallIread?Buttheyarechoicesinthesamesensethatapigeonspeckingatalevertogetagrainofcornisachoice.Theplayerisasmuchatooloftheg

9、ameasthejoystick.Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelsescreationunfold.HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyoureapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,WhatdoIdowithit?Thevideo

10、gameplayerlearnsherownlesson:Idontcreate.Iletsomeoneelsescreativityhappeninfrontofme.第1页共4页5.ItsabeautifulSaturdayinautumn,andagroupofkidsareplayingapickupgameofsoccer.Adisputearisesaboutwhetherakickwentoverthefoulline.Someofthekidsaresureitdid;othersinsistthatitdidnot.Voicesareraised;tempersflare.M

11、aybeahotheadortwowillstalkoffthefield.Buttheskyiscrystalblue,andtherearechoreswaitingathome.Makingaquickcalculationabouttherelativebenefitsofcontinuingthegame,theplayersworkoutasolution.Maybetheyreplaythekick.Maybetheyflipacoin.Maybetheyagreetosaythattheballwasfair,orfoul.Theirwillingnesstocompromis

12、e,toaccepttheideathatsuchgive-and-takeispartoflife,allowsthegametoproceed.Theplayersmoveon,havinglearnedasmalllessonaboutgettingalongwithothers.6.ContrastthatscenewiththeworldoftheInternetchatrooms,wheremanyadolescentsspenduncountablehours.OnthatsamelovelySaturday,ayoungInternetqueenhunchesoverherke

13、yboard,aloneinherroom.Herbuddylistincludesdozens,evenscores,offriendsshesnevermet.Herfingersflyacrossthekeyboardassheracesfromonedialogueboxtoanother,keepingupmultipleconversations.Thesearepeculiarconversations,however,includingnoneofthevulnerabilitythatispartofreal-worldfriendship.Inthebuddy-chatwo

14、rld,statusisbasedontheabilitytokeepuparapidpaceofone-liners,insultingzingers,causticput-downs.Thechatqueensmostintimatefriendshipstaketheformofbriefallianceswithbuddieswhojoinwithhertoflameanotherchatterwhohasdispleasedthem.Ifthatallyeventuallybecomesannoying,too,zap!Shecaninstantaneouslyerasehimfro

15、mherbuddylist,orevenblockhimsoheisunabletocontactheragain.Itsnogreatloss.Thereareliterallymillionsofnewacquaintanceswaitingtobepickedupinachatroomtofillthatvoid.Thelesson:Ishouldnthavetoworkatrelationships.Theycomeandgoinstantlyandatmyconvenience.Ifsomeonedispleasesme,Icanmakethatpersondisappear.7.W

16、henkidssitdowntoplayMonopoly,theyformalooselyknitgroupthatisstillpartoftheworldaroundit.Whencompanyarrivesatthehouse,itsnoproblemtohaltthegamebriefly.Theplayerscangreetvisitors,laughtogether,talkaboutthegame,evenquicklyrearrangeittoincludenewplayers.Evenafterthegamecontinues,chattingwithotherplayers

17、andnon-playersiseasilyaccomplished.Despitetheirinvolvementinthegame,theplayersarenotruledbyit.Humancontact,courtesy,andcommunicationarenotseenasthreatstotheirenjoyment.Theyarelearningthattheycanenjoytheirownactivitiesandstillbesensitivetothelargerworldaroundthem.8.Contrastthisboardgamescenewithoneth

18、athasbecomedepressinglyfamiliarinmanylivingrooms.VisitorsarriveatahometofindachildhunchedinfrontoftheTVset,videocontrolsinhislap.Evenwhenspokentodirectly,hedoesnotpullhiseyesfromthescreen.Implaying!ishisfuriousresponseifthevisitorspersistintryingtoengagehisattention.Fartoooften,evenhisparents,intimi

19、datedbythehigh-priced,high-techgadgetthathassuckedtheirchildshumanityaway,tiptoearoundratherthandisturbhim.Thegameitselfisalltoolikelytobeonethatpresentsthemosthideoussufferingasentertainment,withtheplayerintheroleofpsychotickiller-maybeinDukeNukem,withitstwenty-threelevelsofnonstopcarnage!orBloodyR

20、oar,whichofferstheplayermorewaystomaim,crush,anddevouryourenemiesthanever.第2页共4页9.Thelesson?10.Isntittooawfultothinkabout?ChineseTranslationofParagraphs1.有一句众人皆知的俗语：“玩是孩子们的工作。”研究儿童发展的人告诉我们，孩子就是在玩的过程中培养技能和世界观，并由此决定他们长成怎样的成人。比如说，扮家家或假装上学帮助他们“尝试”妈妈、爸爸或老师的角色。体育活动帮助他们养成协作精神，学会作为团队一员的工作方法，以及培养自信心和光明磊落意识。甚

21、至独自一人开展的活动，像阅读，让孩子们接触更为广阔的世界，鼓励他们养成对更多人富有同情心。2.然而，近几年来，其他的娱乐形式对孩子的成长产生了巨大的冲击。现在有许多孩子，电脑活动和电子游戏占据了他们的许多甚至所有的时间，以前这些时间是花在比较传统游戏上面的。现在长大成人的是第一批玩“任天堂”的孩子，是一代凭借玩“虚拟男孩”和“致命战斗”养大的，而并非靠打垒球或看连环画维格列大叔带大的。这种“玩”的理念上的变化对孩子产生了什么影响？社会科学家、家长，还有脱口秀专家在未来的岁月里将对这个问题争论不休。不过，我们可以开始得出我们自己的结论。虽然电子娱乐也许是很有趣，也很富有创意，但是，一旦沉湎于这种

22、形式的娱乐，孩子以及他们生活的社会必定是输家。与传统的游戏和玩具不同，“联网”的娱乐形式会造成孩子缺乏想象力、社会生活不成熟，以及对身边世界毫无掩饰地麻木不仁的后果。3.看着一个孩子抓起一团橡皮泥，开始试着让它滚动起来。开始是一个普通的球，接着变成了一条蛇。这条蛇或许会变成8字形或一个手镯。孩子把手镯的上端卷起来，做出一把茶壶，她用这把茶壶举行一场假装的茶话会。接下来，她把茶壶又捏成一团，或许再做成雪人、马头、小兔子、海蛇，或者摩天大楼。除了用自己的双手、一团用面粉和盐混成的不值钱的一团东西，她不需要其他的东西，就可以做出一个世界，为之制定规则和创造居民。等她玩腻了，可以把它再次捏成没有形状的

23、一团，等待下一次的创作冲动。玩耍橡皮泥还会激发其他的兴趣她可能会用建模黏土做一样东西，烤制成一个永久的形状，或者图画，再或者纸浆制品。虽然她对自己做的事情没花太多的心思，但是她学会了有价值的东西：我是个创造者，我能给自己的想法赋予具体的形状。4.然而，电子游戏很可笑，是人为编程的，给人创新性的假想。玩游戏的人每一步有各种选择：要进那扇门？要用哪种武器？要阅读哪条线索？但是，这种选择，与鸽子口啄杠杆得到一粒玉米的选择是同样的道理。玩游戏的人与游戏操纵杆一样，都是游戏的工具。她那短暂的快乐是无法让她满足的，因为游戏带来并非真正意义上的成就感，而只不过是迷迷糊糊地看着别人创作的东西展现眼前的一种体验

24、。那一团橡皮泥要是交给在电子游戏贫乏的冒险经历中长大的孩子，很可能看到一脸茫然，还有犹豫不定的问题：“我用它干什么啊？”玩电子游戏的人吸取她自己的经验：我不创造。我让别人的创造发生在我的眼前。5.那是一个秋天美丽的周六，有一群孩子临时组织了一场足球赛。突然他们为足球是不是踢出了边线争论了起来。有几个说肯定踢出界了；其余几个坚持说没有。嗓门提高了，火气也大了。也许一两个暴脾气的家伙会大步走出场地。不过，天空一片湛蓝，而且家里还有些杂活要干。很快地盘算一下继续踢球有什么好处，于是球员们做出决定。也许他们重新踢一脚。也许他们掷硬币。也许他们一致同意，说那球没出线，或出线了。他们愿意妥协，接受第3页共4页在生活中就得互谅互让的理念，使得这场游戏继续下去。踢足球的孩子继续踢球，稍稍学会了与人相处的道理。6.拿互联网聊天室的场景来做个比较。有许多孩子在聊天室里不知道耗费了多少个小时。同样在那个可爱的星期六，一名年青的互联网皇后躬身坐在键盘前，房间里就她一个人。她的网友包括十几个，甚至几十个从来没有见过面的“朋友”。她的手指飞快地在键盘上移动，不停地从一个对话框转换到另一个对话框，同时与好几个人对话。然而，这是些奇怪的对