外贸英语chapter4

1、 . Modes of transport运输方式 . Shipping documents运输单据 . Clause of shipment装运条款. Modes of the transport1. n1.1 Advantages and disadvantages优缺点优缺点n1.2 Major type of cargo vessels 货船主要货船主要类型类型n1.3 Operational modes of ocean transport运营方式运营方式n1.4 charter party租船契约租船契约1. 1.1 Advantages and disadvantages nea

2、sy passage通行能力强nlarge capacity运量大nlow unit cost单位成本低ngood adaptability to goods适货性强 nslownvulnerable to bad weather易受恶劣气候影响nless punctualvulnerable to易受影响，易受侵害nThe bale is vulnerable to damage during loading and unloading.nItaly is particularly vulnerable to the financial and economic crisis, due to

3、 its high public debt.1.2. Major type of cargo vesselnGeneral (packed)cargo vessel普通货船nOBO多用途船nRefrigerated ship冷藏船nTimer ship木材船nOil tanker油轮nContainer vessel货柜船n Roll On /Roll Off vessel滚装船nLASH载驳船（子母船）Timer ship木材船Roll On /Roll Off vessel滚装船Roll On /Roll Off vessel滚装船Container vessel货柜船LASH载驳船（子母

4、船）1.3 Operational modes of ocean transport1.3.1 Liner transport 班轮运输 1.3.2 Shipping by chartering or tramp 租船运输1.3.1 Liner transport 班轮运输班轮运输n Featuren freight 1.3.1Liner transport 班轮运输班轮运输n Freight Consists of 2 Parts:（1）Basic freight 基本运费（2）Surcharges 附加费1.3.1 Liner transport 班轮运输班轮运输nStandards fo

5、r Calculating Basic Freight: According to gross weight, i.e., weight ton (重量吨), - ”W” According to volume, i.e., measurement ton (尺码吨), - ”M” According to gross weight or volume, i.e., choosing the higher rate of the two, - “W/M”1.3.1Liner transport 班轮运输班轮运输 According to value of the cargo, i.e., a

6、certain percentage of FOB price, - ”A.V.” (Ad Valorem) 从价运费 According to gross weight or volume or A.V. i.e., choosing the highest rate of the three, - “W/M or A.V.”1.3.1Liner transport 班轮运输班轮运输 According to gross weight or volume，and then plus a certain percentage of A.V. - “W/M plus A.V.” Accordin

7、g to the number of the cargo According to the temporary agreement entered into between the ship-owner and the consignor (发货人) 临时议定价格Main Surcharges 附加费附加费n Port congestion surcharge 港口拥挤附加费n Alteration of destination surcharge变更卸货港附加费n Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费n Heavy lift additional 超重附加费n Over-len

8、gth additional 超长附加费n Hold and tank cleaning charge for liquid cargo液体货物的洗舱费n Bunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor (BAF) 燃油附加税1.3.2Shipping by Chartering or Tramp 租船运输又称不定期船运输n A tramp is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route (航线) or schedule of sailings (船期表). Voyage charter

9、定程租船Time charter 定期租船Demise Charter or Bareboat Charter 光船租船1)Voyage Charter 定程租船定程租船n The hire of ship for a particular trip. Single voyage charter 单航次租船 Round voyage charter 来回航次租船 Consecutive voyage charter 连续航次租船 Voyage charter on time basis航次期租船 Contract of affreightment 包运合同freight of voyage c

10、harterMethods of Stipulating the Freight:计算运费计算运费的方式的方式Freight ton（运费吨）lump-sum包干运费 (整船包价)freight of voyage chartern Methods to Pay the Freight:运费支付运费支付的方式的方式 Freight can be paid in advance - Freight Prepaid 运费预付 Freight can be paid after the goods have arrived at the port of destination - Freight C

11、ollect 运费到付Methods of Bearing Loading and Unloading Expenses:装卸费用负装卸费用负担担 The ship-owner bears gross terms (liner terms) 船方负责货物装卸及费用 The ship-owner is free in 船方不负责装货和费用 The ship-owner is free out 船方不负责卸货和费用 The ship-owner is free in and out 船方不负责装卸货和费用n (F.I.O.S.T.)freight of voyage chartern Demurr

12、age 滞滞期费期费n Dispatch Money 速遣费速遣费freight of voyage chartern Demurrage 滞滞期费期费 During the time limit of loading and unloading, in case the charterer does not finish the work of loading and unloading , in order to compensate the ship-owner for his losses, the charterer should pay certain amount of fine

13、 (罚款) for the exceeding time, this is so called demurrage.freight of voyage chartern Dispatch Money 速遣费速遣费During the time limit of loading and unloading, in case the charterer finishes the work of loading and unloading ahead of schedule, then the ship-owner shall pay certain amount of bonus (奖金) to

14、the charterer, this is so called dispatch money.2)Time Charter 定期租船定期租船n The charterer (租船者) charters the ship for a period of time during which the ship is deployed (调度) and managed by the charterer.n Charterers expenses: loading, unloading, stowing, trimming, fuel expenses(燃料费), port expenses usw.

15、n Shipper-owners expenses: wages and board expenses (膳食费用) of the crew (全体船员), seaworthiness expenses（船舶）适航 and the vessel insurance premium3)Demise Charter or Bareboat Charter 光船租船光船租船n The ship-owner only provides the charterer with a bareboat, the charterer shall employ the crew by himself.1.3 Ch

16、arter Party 租船契约或租船合同租船契约或租船合同 A written contract concluded between the ship-owner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship from the former. It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties, such as freight, time of chartering, loading and unloading expenses etc.conclude a cont

17、ract订立合同订立合同nParty A and B have reached an agreement through friendly negotiation to conclude the following contract to define each others rights and obligations.n是指按照多式联运合同，以至少两种不同的运输方式，由多式联运经营人把货物从一国境内接运货物的地点运至另一国境内指定交付货物的地点。Conditions:nIt includes two or more different modes of successive（连贯的） tr

18、ansportation;nThere shall be a multi-modal transport contract;nmulti-modal transport document shall cover the whole journey;nThe multi-modal transport operator (MTO) shall be responsible for the whole journey;nThe whole journey shall use a single rate（单一费率）.3. Air Transport Advantages and disadvanta

19、gesTypes of Air Transport Services Air freight3)Types of Air Transport ServicesFour categories: Scheduled airlines 班机运输Chartered carriers 包机运输Consolidated consignments by freight forwarders 集中托运Air express service / desk to desk service 航空速递Useful expressionsnHeavy cargo重货nLarge volume cargo 轻货轻泡货nA

20、ctual weight实际重量nMeasurement weight体积重量2)Types of Air Transport Services Scheduled airlines: operating on a scheduled service, over a fixed airline and between fixed airports, suitable for conveying fresh, emergent and seasonal goods. Chartered carriers: the hire of an aircraft by a shipper or sever

21、al shippers to deliver cargoes, ideal for carrying cargoes of large quantities or carrying cargoes of different shippers to the same destination. Consolidated consignments: the air freight forwarder usually assembles a number of individual shipments into one consignment and dispatches them on one ai

22、r waybill. A consolidated shipment made up by several shipments can be dispatched to one common destination. Many shippers prefer this kind of shipment as the freight rate is 7%-10% lower than that of a scheduled airline. Air express service: the express service provided by air freight forwarders sp

23、ecializing in this line of business between consignors, airports and users, suitable for urgently needed articles and important documentsAirline freightntypes of airline rates: - General Cargo Rate (G.C.R.)一般货物运价一般货物运价 - Specific Cargo Rate (S.C.R.)特种货物运价特种货物运价 - Class Cargo Rate (C. C.R.) 等级货物运价等级货

24、物运价nCharacteristics of airline rates: - one-way freight from one airport to another - delivery charges, customs charges and storage charges excluded - publicized in local currency - measurement unit is kilo or pound4.containerization: Advantages Classification of containersClassification of containe

25、rsnGeneral cargo container普通集装箱nClosed ventilated container封闭式通风集装箱nOpen top container开顶集装箱nPlatform container平台集装箱nThermal container保温集装箱nTank container罐式集装箱nDry bulk container干散货集装箱 Container Transport Containerization offers: FCL/FCL（整箱交整箱接） FCL/LCL（整箱交拆箱接） LCL/LCL（拼箱交拆箱接） LCL/FCL （拼箱交整箱接） 30n航空运

26、单不是物权凭证。n运输契约是船东和租船人订立的合同。n租船运输分为定程租船和定期租船。n定期租船合同中不需要规定滞期费和速遣费。n班轮运输中装卸费用包含在运费内。n我们保证将在收到信用证后30天内装运。nIndicate that the goods have been loaded on board the vessel or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.1. Bill of Lading (B/L) 海运提单 2. Airway bills 航空运单 3. Multimodal transport document

27、s, etc 多式联运单据 1.Bill of Lading (B/L)(1) Functions of B/L(2) Contents of B/L(3) Types of B/L(1) Functions of B/LA bill of lading is a shipping document that serves as: 1) a cargo receipt (货物收据) 2) a document of title(物权凭证) 3) an evidence of the contract for carriage (运输契约的证明)35 (2) 36 Particulars on

28、the face of the B/L提提单正面内容单正面内容 Clauses on the back of the B/L提单提单背面条款背面条款Particulars on the face of the B/LnInformation about B/L 关于提单本身的信息nParties to B/L提单所涉及当事人nTransport运输事宜nDescription of commodities shipped货物描述Information about B/LnB/L Number提单编码nNumber of original Bs/L正本提单份数nPlace and date of

29、 issue提单签发时间地点Parties to B/L提单当事人nShipper托运人nConsignee收货人nCarrier承运人nNotify party被通知人Transport运输事宜nName of vessel船名nVoyage number航次nPort of loading/discharge装货港卸货港nFreight运费Description of commodities shippednDescription of goodsnNumber of packages包装件数nGross weight 毛重nMeasurement体积Clauses on the back

30、 of the B/LnResponsibilities of the carrier承运人责任nExceptions例外条款nClaim clauses索赔条款nDuty and obligation of the consignor发货人的责任和义务nTransportation clauses for special goods特殊货物运输条款nOther clauses其他条款nMake an exception 破例 Could you make an exception and accept D/P?nFile/raise/make/lodge a claim against sb

31、.向提出索赔We have made a claim against the shipping company(3) nShipped on Board B/L and Received for Shipment B/L已装船提单已装船提单和备运提单和备运提单nClean B/L and Unclean B/L清洁提单和不清洁提单清洁提单和不清洁提单nStraight B/L, Order B/L and Bearer B/L记名提单、指示提单和不记名提单、指示提单和不记名提单记名提单nDirect B/L, Transshipment B/L and Through B/L直达提单、直达提单

32、、转船提单和联运提单转船提单和联运提单nLong Form B/L and Short Form B/L全式提单和简式提单全式提单和简式提单nLiner B/L and Charter Party B/L班轮提单和租船提单班轮提单和租船提单nFreight prepaid B/L and Freight collect B/L运费预付提单和运费到付提单nOther types of B/L(3) nShipped (on Board )B/L and Received for Shipment B/L “已装船提单已装船提单“和和 备运备运提单提单 nA shipped on Board B/

33、L is issued when the goods have been loaded on board a certain vessel.nA received for shipment B/L is issued when the goods have been received for shipment but have not yet been actually loaded on a particular ship.(3) n As per whether the B/L bears unclean notation （批注）Clean B/L and Unclean B/L “清洁

34、提单清洁提单”和和“不清洁提单不清洁提单”。n A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition.- “shipped in apparent good order and condition”n Unclean B/L generally marked: “insufficiently packed”, “carton old and stained”, “packed in damaged condition”, “missing

35、 safety seal”, “one carton short”, “iron strap loose” etc.Attention:nThe bank only accepts clean on board B/L for negotiation.银行议付只接受清洁已装船提单nDocuments required:要求单据 1.Full set of clean on board ocean Bs/L 38As per how the goods are consignedvStraight B/L记名提单记名提单vBearer/Blank/Open B/L 不记名提单不记名提单vOrde

36、r B/L指示提单指示提单 (widely used) 提单抬头提单抬头 是否背书是否背书 能否转让能否转让 Straight B/L No endorsementNon-negotiable Blank B/L No endorsement Transferable Order B/Lendorsement Transferable after endorsement. ComparisonsnFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/L ISSUED IN THE NAME OF A COMPANY.nFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/LCONSIG

37、NED TO A COMPANY.nFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/LMADE OUT TO ORDER OF SHIPPERnFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/LISSUED TO ORDER(3) n Direct B/L, Transshipment B/L and Through B/L “直达提单直达提单”,“转船提单转船提单”和和 “联运提单联运提单”nA direct B/L is evidence that the goods are transported from the port of loading directly t

38、o the port of destination without transshipment during transit.nA transshipment B/L is issued when there is no direct service between the port of loading and port of destination, This kind of Bill usually bears such a clause “Transshipment to be made at “with transshipment” Difference between M.T.D.

39、 and Modes of transport are differentThe issuers are differentResponsibilities of the issuers are differentA through B/L is a shipped, on board B/L, while an M.T.D. may be a shipped on board B/L, but in most cases, it is a received for shipment document.As per the contents of the B/LnLong form B/L全式

40、提单nShort form B/L简式提单As per the effect of B/LnOriginal B/L正本提单nCopy B/L副本提单nFull set of clean on board Ocean Bills of Lading, made out to order and blank endorsed, notifying _COSCO_ at the port of destination, and marked “freight prepaid”. nFull set of clean on board B/L issued to our order, notifyi

41、ng applicant and marked freight prepaid . nFull set clean on board ocean bill of lading issued to order , blank endorsed marked freight prepaid notify party as abc company and showing invoice value , unit price, trade terms, contract number and L/C number.2.Air WaybillnReceipt of goodsnAn evidence o

42、f contract of carriagenNot a document of title42Original for the shipperOriginal for the carrierOriginal for the consignee3.Air WaybillnReceipt of goodsnAn evidence of contract of carriagenNot a document of titlenCustoms declarationnBill for the freightnCertificate of insurance42Original for the shi

43、pperOriginal for the issuing carrierOriginal for the consignee.Clause of shipment1. Time of shipment装运期2. Port of shipment and port of destination装运港和目的港3. Shipping advice装运通知4. Partial shipment & transshipment分批装运和转运Ways of Stipulating the Time of Shipment : definite time of Shipment 明确规定具体的装运期限nla

44、test time规定装运的最迟期限规定装运的最迟期限nShipment at or before the end of June, 2015nShipment on or before Sept. 15, 2015nShipment not later than July 31, 2015nperiod of time规定在一段时间内装运规定在一段时间内装运nShipment during May 2015nShipment during Oct./Nov. 2015Ways of Stipulating the Time of Shipmentnwithout a fixed time不明

45、确规定装运不明确规定装运期期nShipment within 15 days after receipt of remittancenShipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C (the relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than )receiptn收据 cargo receiptn收到1) on/upon (the) receipt of “一收到立刻 We will effect shipment on receipt of L/C2) in receipt of收到了We are in

46、receipt of your document.3) after receipt of 收到后Shipment should be made within 30 days after receipt of L/CWays of Stipulating the Time of ShipmentnShipped in the near future笼统规笼统规定近期装运定近期装运nImmediate shipmentnShipment as soon as possiblenPrompt shipmentn The port of shipment is usually chosen and d

47、etermined by the seller.n The port of destination or the place of destination is usually chosen and determined by the buyer.Ways of Stipulating the nOne definite port明确规定一个装运港、目的港Port of shipment: Dalian; Port of destination: LondonShipment from Dalian to LondonnTwo or more规定两个或以上装运港/目的港Port of ship

48、ment: Xingang/ShanghainOptional ports选择港CIF London, optional Hamburg/RotterdamPort of shipment: Chinese Main Ports3.Shipping AdvicenWe hereby advise you that the goods under your order NO.4589 has been shipped on direct steamer “Rongchang from . to . on (date). The details are as follows:n1. Name of

49、 goods:n2. Quantity of goods:n3. Value of goods:n4. Date of shipment:n5. Name of the carrying vessel:n6. B/L No.:n7. Measurement:3.Shipping AdvicenWe hereby inform you that the goods under the above mentioned credit have been shipped. The details of shipment are stated below:n1. commodity:n2. number

50、 of bales:n3. total G.W.:n4. Date of departure:n5. ocean vessel:n6. B/L No.:n7. destination:（1）Partial shipments are allowed, the time, the number of unit, the quantity are undecided 只规定允许分批装运只规定允许分批装运Partial shipments are allowed（2）Partial shipments are allowed, the quantity are not decided 规定分若干批装

51、运，但每批数量不限定规定分若干批装运，但每批数量不限定Shipments in November and December in two lots（3）Partial shipments are allowed, the time, the number of unit, the quantity are decided 定期定量装运定期定量装运Shipment during March/April/May in three equal monthly lots6000M/T shipment to be effected in three equal lots at an interval

52、of 20 daysTransshipmentWays of stipulating transshipmentnto be transshipped at_ _nPort of destination: Rotterdam W/T _ _nfrom shanghai to Rotterdam via _ _ W/T: with transshipment atClause of shipmentnShipment during Oct. / Nov. /Dec. 2007, with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.nShipment

53、during Jan. /Feb. 2007 in two equal monthly lots,with transshipment allowedClause of shipmentShipment: From Shanghai to Sydney on or before May 31, 2007. Partial shipments and transshipment are prohibited.Shipment: From China port to Manchester in Sept. 2007. Partial shipments and transshipment are

54、allowed.Terms of Shipment: Shipment to be effected from Guangzhou to Rotterdam during March/April/May 2007 in three equal monthly lots, with transhipment at Singapore only.Clause of shipmentnThe seller shall ship the goods within the time stipulated in this contract by a direct vessel sailing from t

55、he port of loading to China port. Transshipment on route is not allowed without the buyers prior consent.nWithin 24 hours immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the Seller shall advise the Buyer by cable or telex of the contract number, the name of goods, weight （net/gr

56、oss）or quantity loaded, invoice value, name of vessel, port of loading, sailing date and expected time of arrival （ETA） at the port of destination. Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Sellers failure to give the above mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, t

57、he Seller shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure. Follow-up Practice1 Review and Discussion Questions 1) What are the major types of transportation in international cargo transport? 2) What are the features of liner transport?3) What are the main

58、 functions of B/L?4) What main points are included in the clause of shipment?48 2 Choose the right answer from each of the following.1) If items marked with “AD Val.”, the freight is to be calculated on the basis of _ of the cargo concerned. A. weight B. price or value C. measurement D. volume2) Fre

59、ight under liner transportation _. A. needs to stipulate demurrage and dispatch money between the shipper and the carrier B. does not include loading and unloading cost C. consists of basic charges and surcharges D. is collected based on gross weight of the goods493) Airway bill is NOT_. A. a transport contract between the consignor and the carrier B. a document for customs