世纪大学英语应用型综合教程U译文学习教案

1、世纪大学英语应用型综合教程世纪大学英语应用型综合教程(jiochng)U译文译文第一页，共65页。第1页/共64页第二页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 2. Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria or parasites. Every person is at risk of foodborne illness. 第2页/共64页第三页，共65页。第3页/共64页第四页，共65

2、页。Unit 1: Text A 3. Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed and developing countries. 第4页/共64页第五页，共65页。第5页/共64页第六页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 4. The global incidence of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 1

3、.8 million people died from diarrheal diseases. A great proportion of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. 第6页/共64页第七页，共65页。第7页/共64页第八页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 5. In industrialize

4、d countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America (USA), for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occ

5、ur each year.第8页/共64页第九页，共65页。第9页/共64页第十页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 6. While less well documented, developing countries bear the main impact of the problem due to the presence of a wide range of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The widespread diarrheal diseases in many developing c

6、ountries suggest major underlying food safety problems. 第10页/共64页第十一页，共65页。第11页/共64页第十二页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 7. While most foodborne diseases are occasional and often not reported, foodborne disease outbreaks may take on massive proportions. For example, in 1994,an outbreak of salmonellosis due to c

7、ontaminated ice cream occurred in the USA, affecting an estimated 224,000 persons. In 1988,an outbreak of hepatitis A, resulting from the consumption of contaminated clams, affected some 300, 000 individuals in China. 第12页/共64页第十三页，共65页。发了甲肝，影响了大约发了甲肝，影响了大约30万人。万人。第13页/共64页第十四页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 8

8、. Major foodborne diseases are from microorganisms. Salmonellosis is a major problem in most countries. Salmonellosis is caused by the Salmonella bacteria. Examples of foods involved in outbreaks of salmonellosis are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. Campylobacteriosis is a wide

9、spread infection. It is caused by certain species of Campylobacter bacteria. And in some countries, the reported number of cases surpasses the incidence of salmonellosis. 第14页/共64页第十五页，共65页。曲杆菌属病毒的致病人数超过了曲杆菌属病毒的致病人数超过了沙门杆菌的致病人数。沙门杆菌的致病人数。第15页/共64页第十六页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 9. Food contamination create

10、s an enormous social and economic burden on communities and their health systems. The re-emergence of cholera in Peru in 1991 resulted in the loss of US $500 million in fish and fishery product exports that year. 第16页/共64页第十七页，共65页。第17页/共64页第十八页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 10-1. The safety of food derived f

11、rom biotechnology needs to be carefully assessed. To provide the scientific basis for decisions regarding human health, new methods and policies to assess such food need to be developed and agreed upon internationally. The assessment should consider health benefits as well as possible negative healt

12、h implications. 第18页/共64页第十九页，共65页。第19页/共64页第二十页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 10-2. Crops modified to resist pests, foods with allergens removed or food with an increase of essential nutrients are possible examples of the former, while antimicrobial markers in some genetically modified foods have been sugges

13、ted to be an example of the latter. 第20页/共64页第二十一页，共65页。第21页/共64页第二十二页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 10-3 The weighing of potential risks and benefits is an important aspect of assessment of foods derived from biotechnology that has not received much attention in the past. Likewise, clear communication of the

14、 basis for safety assessment in this area is generally lacking at national and international levels. 第22页/共64页第二十三页，共65页。第23页/共64页第二十四页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 11. If not properly monitored and assessed, changes in animal husbandry practices, including feeding, may have serious implications for food saf

15、ety. For example, increased use of ruminant bone and meat meal as feed supplement for cattle appear to have played a role in the emergence of BSE. 第24页/共64页第二十五页，共65页。第25页/共64页第二十六页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 12. Adding low levels of antibiotics to animal feed in order to increase growth rate has raised co

16、ncern about the transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens from this practice.13-1. Modern intensive agricultural practices contribute to increasing the availability of affordable foodstuffs and the use of第26页/共64页第二十七页，共65页。食品添加剂的使用能够改善食品添加剂的使用能够改善食物供应的质量、数量和安食物供应的质量、数量和安全性，增加供应量。全性，增加供应量

17、。第27页/共64页第二十八页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 13-2. food supply. However, appropriate controls are necessary to ensure their proper and safe use along the entire food chain. Pre-market review and approval followed by continuous monitoring are necessary to ensure the safe use of pesticides, veterinary drugs an

18、d food additives. 第28页/共64页第二十九页，共65页。第29页/共64页第三十页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 14-1. Other challenges, which need to be addressed to help ensure food safety, include the globalization of trade in food, urbanization, changes in lifestyles, international travel, environmental pollution, deliberate contaminat

19、ion and natural and manmade disasters. 第30页/共64页第三十一页，共65页。第31页/共64页第三十二页，共65页。Unit 1: Text A 14-2. The food production chain has become more complex, providing greater opportunities for contamination and growth of pathogens. Many outbreaks of foodborne diseases that were once contained within a sma

20、ll community may now take on global dimensions. (772 words)第32页/共64页第三十三页，共65页。第33页/共64页第三十四页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B Eating Food Thats Better for You, Organic or Not By Mark Bittman1. In the six-and-one-half years since the federal government began certifying food as “organic,” Americans have taken to

21、the idea with considerable enthusiasm. 第34页/共64页第三十五页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 1-2. Sales have at least doubled, and three-quarters of the nations grocery stores now carry at least some organic food. A Harris Poll in October 2007 found that about 30 percent of Americans buy organic food at least on occas

22、ion, and most think it is safer, better for the environment and healthier.第35页/共64页第三十六页，共65页。第36页/共64页第三十七页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 2. “People believe it must be better for you if its organic,” says Phil Howard, an assistant professor of community, food and agriculture at Michigan State University.3. S

23、o I discovered on a recent book tour around the United States and Canada. 第37页/共64页第三十八页，共65页。第38页/共64页第三十九页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 4. No matter how carefully I avoided using the word “organic” when I spoke to groups of food enthusiasts about how to eat better, someone in the audience would inevitably

24、ask, “What if I cant afford to buy organic food?” Organic food seems to have become the magic cure for all. When people think of eating it, they think they are eating well, healthily, reasonably, even morally. 第39页/共64页第四十页，共65页。得好，吃得健康，吃得合理，得好，吃得健康，吃得合理，甚至吃得有道德。甚至吃得有道德。 第40页/共64页第四十一页，共65页。Unit 1:

25、Text B 5. But eating “organic” offers no guarantee of any of that. And the truth is that most Americans eat so badly we get 7 percent of our calories from soft drinks, more than we do from vegetables; the top food group by caloric intake is “sweets”; and one-third of nations adults are now obese tha

26、t the organic question is a secondary one. Its not unimportant, but its not the primary issue in the way Americans eat. 第41页/共64页第四十二页，共65页。问题问题以至于有机食物成了以至于有机食物成了次要因素。并非它不重要，而次要因素。并非它不重要，而是它不是美国人饮食中的首要是它不是美国人饮食中的首要问题。问题。第42页/共64页第四十三页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 6. To eat well, says Michael Pollan, the auth

27、or of In Defense of Food, means avoiding “edible food-like substances” and sticking to real ingredients, increasingly from the plant kingdom. (Americans each consume an average of nearly two pounds a day of animal products.) Theres plenty of evidence that both a persons health as well as the environ

28、ments will improve with a simple shift in eating habits away from animal products and highly processed foods to plant products and what might be called “real food.”第43页/共64页第四十四页，共65页。加工食品为主转为以蔬菜类产品加工食品为主转为以蔬菜类产品或可能被称为或可能被称为“真正的食物真正的食物”这样这样的食品为主，就可以增进人类健的食品为主，就可以增进人类健康 ， 改 善 居 住 环 境 。康 ， 改 善 居 住 环 境

29、 。第44页/共64页第四十五页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 7. From these changes, Americans would reduce the amount of land, water and chemicals used to produce the food we eat, as well as the incidence of lifestyle diseases linked to unhealthy diets, and greenhouse gases from industrial meat production. 8. The governmen

30、ts organic program, says Joan Shaffer, a spokeswoman for the Agriculture Department, “is a marketing program that sets standards for what can be certified as organic. 第45页/共64页第四十六页，共65页。第46页/共64页第四十七页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 8-2. Neither the enabling legislation nor the regulations address food safety

31、or nutrition. ”People dont understand that, nor do they realize “organic” doesnt mean “local.” “It doesnt matter if its from the farm down the road or from Chile,” Ms. Shaffer said. “As long as it meets the standards, its organic.”第47页/共64页第四十八页，共65页。街不远的农场运来的还是从街不远的农场运来的还是从智利运来的，都没关系，智利运来的，都没关系，”谢谢

32、弗女士说，弗女士说，“只要它符合标准，只要它符合标准，就是有机食品。就是有机食品。”第48页/共64页第四十九页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 9. Hence, the organic status of salmon flown in from Chile, or of frozen vegetables grown in China and sold in the United States no matter the size of the carbon footprint left behind by getting from there to here.第49页/共64页

33、第五十页，共65页。第50页/共64页第五十一页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 10. Today, most farmers who practice truly sustainable farming, or what you might call “organic in spirit,” operate on small scale, some so small that they cant afford the requirements to be certified organic by the government. 第51页/共64页第五十二页，共65页。第52页/共6

34、4页第五十三页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 11. But the organic food business is now big business, and getting bigger. Professor Howard estimates that major corporations now are responsible for at least 25 percent of all organic manufacturing and marketing. In 2006, sales of organic foods and beverages totaled abou

35、t $16. 7 billion, according to the most recent figures from Organic Trade Association. 第53页/共64页第五十四页，共65页。第54页/共64页第五十五页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 12. But the questions remain over how we eat in general. It may feel better to eat an organic Oreo than a conventional Oreo, but, says Marion Nestle, a profes

36、sor at New York Universitys department of nutrition, food studies and public health, “Organic junk food is still junk food. ”第55页/共64页第五十六页，共65页。第56页/共64页第五十七页，共65页。Unit 1: Text B 13. Last week, Michelle Obama began digging up a patch of the South Lawn of the White House to plant an organic vegetable garden to provide food for the first family