主谓一致课件(2)

1、斯美剑桥“VIP一对一”课程主 谓 一 致一、什么叫主谓一致 谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化叫做主谓一致。 主谓一致要遵循的三个原则： 1.语法一致 2.意义一致 3.就近一致1.语法一致原则 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式。主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。e.g. His trousers were a little too short. 他的裤子有点儿短。 复数主语 复数谓语 Mrs.Wang together with her children is going to have a 单数主语 单数谓语 picn

2、ic this weekend. 这个周末王女士打算和她的孩子们去野炊。2.意义一致原则 主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上单复数形式，这就是意义一致原则。有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数形式。 e.g. The fish is the most deadly of all fishes. 一种鱼单数意义 单数谓语 这种鱼是所有鱼类中最致命的。 Those fishes inhabit the waters around the reef. 多种鱼类复数意义 复数谓语 这些鱼类生活在礁石附近的水域。3. 就近一致原则 谓语动词的人称和数与邻

3、近的名词或代词保持单复数一致，即为就近一致原则。 There is a book, two ball-pens and several notebooks on 单数谓语 邻近主语是单数 the table. 桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。 There are some books and a pen on the table. 复数谓语 邻近主语是复数 桌子上有几本书和一支钢笔。二、主谓一致的具体应用情况 1. 集体名词作主语 （1）people/police/cattle等+ 复数谓语 e.g. Many people make it a habit to take regula

4、r exercise. 许多人有定期运动的习惯。 The police have caught the thief. 警察已经逮住了那个小偷。 Cattle provide us with milk and beef. 牛给我们提供牛奶盒牛肉。(2)class/family/group/team等 + 单数谓语（侧重整体） + 复数谓语(侧重整体中的个体) My family is a happy one. 我们是一个幸福的家庭。 The family all like watching TV. 全家人都喜欢看电视。(3)clothing/ equipment/ jewellery等+ 单数谓

5、语Winter clothing is becoming more and more fashionable.冬装变得越来越时髦。All the machinery here is made in China.这里所有的机器都是中国制造的。2.特殊名词作主语(1)复数形式、单数意义的名词 + 单数谓语复数形式、单数意义的名词，如electronics, news, maths, physics, politics, the United Nations等形式上看似复数，意义上视为单数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g. Electronics is a piece of cake to h

6、im. 电子学对于他来说易如反掌。 The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs. 联合国在国际事物中起着重要的作用。(2)单复数同形的名词 表示单数 + 单数谓语 表示复数 + 复数谓语 单复数同形的名词，如sheep, fish, deer, means, species, series等作主语，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。 The chemical works was set up in 1980. 这家化工厂建于1980年。 These glass works are fa

7、r from the city center. 这些玻璃厂离市中心很远。(3)复数形式的名词 + 复数谓语 以复数形式出现的名词，如earnings(收入), thanks(感谢), belongings(财产), savings(积蓄), goods(商品)等充当主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。 The family were saved but the belongings were lost. 这一家人获救了，但是失去了所有的财产。 All my savings are intended to be donated to the poor children here. 我所有的积蓄都准备

8、捐给这里的贫困儿童。(4)glasses/ trousers/pants/shoes等+复数谓语 一些由两部分构成的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 The trousers are all right. Now please try on the shirt. 裤子很合身，现在请试穿衬衫。 My gloves are torn, so I need to buy a new pair. 我的手套破了，因此我需要买一副新的。注意：由两部分构成的名词冲淡主语，用a/this kind of, a pair of, a series of 等修饰时，谓语动词的单复数应与表示计量单位的名词保持单复

9、数一致。This pair of shoes is really a bargain.这双鞋买得真是便宜。Five pieces of paper are painted red. 5张纸被涂成了红色。(5)population充当主语 population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口约为2900万。Just under a third of t

10、he population now smoke/smokes in this country.在这个国家，目前吸烟人数不到总人口的1/3.3.并列成分作主语(1)and连接并列成分 + 复数谓语（表示不同事物） + 单数谓语（表示同一事物） and,both.and.连接的并列成分作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但并列成分如果指同一人、事物或概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Bread and butter are what I am going to buy in the shop. 两个单独事物 复数谓语 面包和黄油是我要去超市买的东西。Bread and butter is what we

11、usually have for breakfast in my home. 视为一体 单数谓语 在我家早餐通常吃黄油面包。 (2) A or B （A或B）either A or B (要么A要么B.)neither A nor B + 谓语动词（单复数与最靠近not only A but also B 的B主语一致）not A but B (不是.而是.)or, either.or., neither.nor.(两者都不), not only.but also.(不仅.而且.)等连接的并列成分作主语，谓语动词与最靠近的名词短语一致。e.g. Either you or your broth

12、er has to go there right now. 要么你要么你弟弟得立刻去那里。 Not only Jim but also his parents have visited a few interesting places since they came to China. 自从他们来到中国，不仅吉姆，而且他父母也都浏览了一些名胜。4.表示数量概念的词作主语(1)表示时间、距离、价值、重量、金额等的名词+ 单数谓语 One thousand dollars is more than Cathy makes in a week. 1000美元远远超过凯西一周的所得。 Sixty ki

13、los isnt heavy for him. 60千克对他来说不算重。 Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. 对于我来说完成这项工作两天是不够的。（2）以下结构中谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致。most /the majority (大多数.)all(所有.)part(一部分.) half(一半的.) several(几个.) of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语many(很多.) 复数名词 + 复数谓语few(其中一些.) the rest(余下的.) the remaining(剩下的.) e.g. Most of the bo

14、ys are fond of watching football games. 大多数男孩子喜欢看足球赛。 The rest of the books were returned to the library. 其余的书都归还给图书馆了。 The rest of the money was given to the villagers. 其余的钱都给了村民。(3)区别：a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 the number of + 单数谓语“a number of + 复数” 表示“许多., 作主语时，谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词” 表示“.的数量

15、”， 作主语时，谓语用单数。-A number of volunteers are willing to teach in Chinas rural areas. 大量的志愿者愿意去中国乡村教书。-Yes, the number is getting bigger and bigger. 是的，人数越来越多。The number of students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50人。(4)more than one/ many a + 单数名词+ 单数谓语e.g. You may find you have more than one strong learn

16、ing style, which is a bonus. 你或许会发现自己有不止一种倾向的学习风格，这是一件好事。 Many a scientist has been working on the project. 很多科学家一直在研究这一项目。注意：“more + 复数名词 + than one”作主语，谓语动词用复数。More members than one are against your plan.不止一个成员反对你的计划。(5)one or two + 复数名词+ 复数谓语e.g. One or two days are enough for this work. 干这活一两天就足

17、够了。 One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。(6)one and a half + 复数名词 + 单数谓语 e.g. One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩一个班香蕉。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的时间。(7)a quantity of / an amount of + 名词 + 单数谓语 quantities of / amounts of + 名词

18、+ 复数谓语 谓语动词的单复数根据quantity和amount的单复数决定。 A large amount of clean water is wasted every day. 每天有大量的水被浪费掉。 Quantities ofnuts are on the table. 大量的坚果放在桌子上。8.分数/百分数/the percentage of + 复数名词 +复数谓语 不可数名词+ 单数谓语 Ninety-nine percent of failures come from people who have the habit of making excuses. 99%的失败者是那些

19、爱找借口的人。 A large percentage of shoolbooks now have pictures. 现在大部分教科书有插图。5.不定代词作主语(1)either/neither (+ of +名词) + 单数谓语either，neither用作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但是，如果后面接“of +复数名词或代词的复数时”，谓语动词用单复数均可。either of .表示“两者之一 ”； neither of + 复数名词 表示“两者都不”-Which would you prefer, orange juice or coffee? 你更喜欢哪一个，橙汁还是咖啡？-Eith

20、er is OK， but I prefer coffee with milk. 哪一个都行，但是我更喜欢牛奶咖啡。 Neither of us wants/want to eat outside. 我们两个都不想出去吃饭。(2)many/few/both (+of + 名词) + 复数谓语 many,few, both等表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 e.g. Both of us like playing basketball. 我们两个人都喜欢打篮球。 Several of us are going to the theatre this evening. 今天晚上我们有几个人去

21、看电影。(3)some/all/any + 复数可数名词 + 复数谓语 不可数名词 + 单数谓语 some, all, any等指代、修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；指代、修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 All have a good time in the trip. 大家在旅行中都玩得开心。 All the milk I bought yesterday has gone bad. 我昨天买的牛奶全都变质了。(4)a. Everyone/Everybody/Every+单数名词 + 单数谓语 b. every/each + 单数名词 + every/each+单数名词 + 单数谓语 Everyone in my family likes spicy food. 我家每个人都喜欢辣的食物。 Every student in our class likes Mr. Lis class. 我们班每个学生都喜欢李老师的课。 Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和学生都需要词典。 6.其他情况(1)不