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1、 在表示在表示“某人家某人家”、“店店”的名词所有格后面,一般省略的名词所有格后面,一般省略它所修饰的名词。它所修饰的名词。 例如:例如: at the doctors 在诊所在诊所 to my uncles 到我叔叔家到我叔叔家 at the barbers 在理发店在理发店 at Mr. Greens 在格林先生家在格林先生家 at the tailors 在裁缝店在裁缝店 起修饰作用的名词如不表示所有关系,通常不用起修饰作用的名词如不表示所有关系,通常不用“s”。 例如:例如: room number coffee cups, 若仅表示一种类别或类型,名词往往用单数形式。若仅表示一种类别

2、或类型,名词往往用单数形式。 book club, word order, student life 高考试题1. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be? A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses2. -Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. exp

3、lanation3. I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all, said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty4. We all know that _ speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions5. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. m

4、ethod C. manner D. fashion6. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence7. For the sake of (为.着想) her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climateDBCDAAD8 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise

5、 to build up his _- A ability B force C strength D mind9 I am sure Daivd will be able to find the library -he has a pretty good _of direction.A idea B feeling C experience D sense 10. _is more useful than gold .A.Irons B. Iron C. An iron D. The iron 11. -what can I do for you ? -I d like to have a _

6、of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 12.These days I hire two _in my house .A.man servant B men servant C man servants D men servantsDCBDD13. Mr Smith is a friend of _.A.Marys mothers B. Marys motherC.mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 14._desks are in the same room.A.Johns and Susan B. Joh

7、n and Susans C .John and Susan D. Johns and Susans15.- Where did you spend last weekend ? -At _. A.Mr Greens B Mr Green C the Mr Greens D the Mr Greens16. One day Crusoe walked along _ towards his coat .A.the sand B. the sands C. sand D .sands 17. Toward evening ,_ came , which made things even wors

8、e .A.cold rain B .cold rains C. the cold rain D.a cold rain 18. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A .the B. a C. / D.oneADABDB12.No news _good news.A is a B.are C.is D.has E.have 13. Maths still _ very difficult for me , though I have done my best.A .looks B. seems C. is D .are 14. The

9、 great wall of China runs across _ China like a huge dragon.A.the north B. north C.northern D.north of15. You are to gather at the _at 8:00 tomorrow morning .A.schools gate B. School Gate C. Schools Gate D .school gate CBB= the north of China D冠冠 词词1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上泛指是

10、指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默限定意义的人或事物也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表:冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表:单数单数可数可数名词名词一定一定要用要用冠词冠词 复数复数可数可数名词名词不可不可数名数名词词 a(n) the 泛指单一,每一,任一事物泛指单一,每一,任一事物 指类别指类别 特指特指 上文提到过的事物上文提到过的事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的事物被限

11、制性修饰语所限定的事物说话双方所默认的事物说话双方所默认的事物 世界上独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的事物 指类别指类别 the特指特指 零冠词零冠词 上文提到过的事物上文提到过的事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的事物被限制性修饰语所限定的事物 说话双方所默认的事物说话双方所默认的事物 泛指的一些事物泛指的一些事物 指类别指类别 不定冠词不定冠词修饰修饰可数名词可数名词其意思为其意思为“一个一个”;定冠词定冠词可修饰可修饰可数可数/不可数不可数名词,往往名词,往往表特指表特指其意思相当其意思相当于于“这个这个”,单数可数名词单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中,只要不用在抽象化的语境中,一定要加冠词一

12、定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词,或者加定冠词或者加不定冠词,或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用。这时不妨可用“一个一个”或或“这个这个(种种)”来检验。来检验。(1)-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a(2)Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless the

13、y kill them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /DB许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的知识许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的知识 Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.(2)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于有用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。形容词修饰的一日三餐前。 我每天早晨上班前吃点简单的早餐。我每天早晨上班前吃点简单的早餐。 Before I

14、go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast. (3)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。车祸是车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。月底的一个星期天发生的。 The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.(1)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于用于有或没有形容词修饰有或没有形容词修饰的的抽象名词前抽象名词前。21不定冠词不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法的几种特殊用法(4)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前,表示一次,又一

15、。用于序数词前,表示一次,又一。 用于形容词最高级前无比较级含义。用于形容词最高级前无比较级含义。“非常非常” 再学一门语言是多么重要啊再学一门语言是多么重要啊! 这是一本很有用的书。这是一本很有用的书。 How important it is to learn a second language! This is a most useful book.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常借助于不定冠词a/an. - what do you think of the film?-Oh , 我从没看过这最糟糕的电影。Ill never seen a worse one.(5)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)表

16、示表示“per”的意思。的意思。他的月收入是他的月收入是1000元。元。 His income is one thousand yuan a month.(6)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于有用于有goodgreat many修饰的名词复数前。修饰的名词复数前。 我参观过长城好多次。我参观过长城好多次。 Ive visited the Great Wall a good many times.(7)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数,但意义仍为单数的名词前。用于形式为复数,但意义仍为单数的名词前。 一千英里是相当远的距离。一千英里是相当远的距离。 A thousand miles is a

17、good distance. (8)不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前用于一些原来是动词的名词前 晚饭后,让我们围着操场散步吧晚饭后,让我们围着操场散步吧! Lets have a walk around the playground after supper.(9)有一些抽象名词:有一些抽象名词:advice(忠告忠告),behavior(行为行为),fortune(运气运气),fun(娱乐娱乐),information(情报情报),progress(进步进步),damage(损害损害),harm(伤害伤害)等,等,即使被即使被形容词修饰,形容词修饰,也不加也不加不定不定冠词

18、。冠词。一次性行为特别名词化的动词前:have/take a look at. ,have a talk / swim / test,go for a swim /walk ,come to an end , have /take a rest 11)a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside. 12)在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do st

19、h.13)a/an 用于说明事物的同一性质、特点、程度或大小,表示“相同”之意,相当于the same . we are nearly of an age .Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。卡尔卡尔马克思就怎样学好外语,提出了许多建议。马克思就怎样学好外语,提出了许多建议。 Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language well. (13)用在某些固定词组中。用在某些固定词组中。A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple o

20、f, all of a sudden(突然突然), as a matter of fact(实际实际上上) in a hurry(匆忙的匆忙的), in a word(简言之简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙帮忙), pay a visit to(访问访问), as a rule(惯例惯例), as a whole(总之总之), in a day or two(一两天一两天), in a way(在在某种程度上某种程度上), of a size(大小相同大小相同), have a word with sb.(与与交谈交谈),

21、 make a living(谋生谋生), take ( a ) pride in(自豪自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步散步(休息、洗澡、就座休息、洗澡、就座), a great deal of(大量大量), be a pity(遗憾遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒感冒(头痛、发烧头痛、发烧), many a(许多许多), catch a cold(感冒感冒) a piece/kind /number /set / pair / of take a seat /a train/ a bus .2.2 2.2 定

22、冠词的用法定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house. Ive been to the house 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物, the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸; 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人: the

23、rich 富人; the living 生者。5)用在序数词和adj/adv最高级,及形容词only, very,same等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) the two of us =2 / two

24、 of us 27)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 用于表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛;报纸、杂志、书籍、会议、条约、信仰等名词前。The Atlantic 大西洋 the Thames 泰晤士河 The Alps 阿尔卑斯山 the Changjiang (Yangtze)The Yellow Sea the Book o

25、f Poetry 诗经注意: Life 生活周刊 Times 时代周刊 News Week 新闻周刊含有Mount ,Lake , Cape 等表示孤岛、独山,湖泊的名词前不加定冠词。Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖 Mt. Fushi 富士山 Mt. Ali 阿里山 但中国湖泊名词前却加定冠词。The Dongting Lake 也可用Lake DongtingBay 海湾在专有名词后时不加定冠词。 Jiaozhou Bay 胶州湾9)用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。 She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 play erhu 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词

26、之前,表示”一家人”or两夫妇 : the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在表示方向、方位名词前 介词短语中加Birds come back from the south in springLead to the weat of Urals is called Europe.但在某些方位词+介词短语中,方位词前不用冠词。 north by east from east to west Note: suburbs 郊区及countryside (农村)之前要用定冠词 she doesnt live near the downtown area ,but out in the

27、suburbs.方位名词大写,指某个国家或世界的某一部分时,前面要用定冠词。The North is colder than the South.The Middle East the South Pole12)用在表示学校、星座、船只、舰队、铁路、飞机、三军、历代朝代等的名词前 the Univeristy of London the Air Force the Big Dipper 北斗星 The stone age the Sping and Autumn Period the Zhongshan 中山舰 the univeristy of Beijing Beijing Univeri

28、sty the Beijing Univeristy13)定冠词可以用以表示对人体部位的特指,在下列结构中指人体某部位 时 The stone struck her in the eye , He patted the girl on the head 14) In the fifties 50 年代 in ones fifties 50 多岁 18)用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning /afternoon /evening the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, i

29、n the sky (water,field,country), in the dark,in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way,go to the theatre15)序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意,但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow16)在表示发明物的单数名词前,The telephone is widely used.17) 用在表示单位的名词前。 by the yar

30、d 按码 by the day /week /month /hour/dozen2.3 零冠词的用法零冠词的用法 1) 单个单词构成的专有名词前(国名,人名前通常不用定冠词): China has a larger population thanAmerican Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man can

31、not live without water.人离开水就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 由Day 构成的与公历有关的节日名词前也不加冠词 June 1st is Childrens Day Womens Day Nationals Day Spring is the best season of the year.但 the Spring Festival , 以上被一个限定性定语修饰,就要加冠词。 He saw her in th

32、e spring of 20056)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。;The guards took the American to General Lee. Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li. We made him our chairman. 7)在三餐、球类和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil.

33、没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用表示一种方式时,中间无冠词; by bus,by train;10) every 作副词用,表示每. “每隔几.”时。 plant a tree every few metres11) 方位副词前 Japan lies east of china .(12)From to.以及”名词+介词+(同样)名词” 的名词前不加冠词。 face to face /mouth to mouth / shoulder to shoulder day by day /day after day hand in hand / arm in arm (

34、13)Man作人类讲时。 Man can conquer nature . (14)as 引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前。 Hero as he is , he is still modest. Child as he is ,he knows a lot. (15) 介词BY+ 表单位的时间,长度, 重量,面积,价钱等总称名词前。 Ill pay you by time / by the hour We pay for our package by weight / by the gramBy the foot 按尺 by the yard 按码 by the dozen 按打 by

35、the month 按月 by the day by the thousand 成千的 by the gallon 加仑(16) 介词in+颜色名词表穿着。The girl in red is LiPings sister (17)单数可数名词前已经被物主代词,数词, 指示代词或名词所有格修饰时My story-book is more interesting than this book.One book is on the desk Li Mings picture is beautiful than my brothers.(18)toward(s),all 后紧跟时间名词时。Dont

36、play all day .They didnt come back until toward evening.(19)word 作消息讲时,用零冠词。 Word came that he would go abroad. 20)作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词。Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:Of all methods, this is the most effective.21)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He

37、came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last22)某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中: husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中:to(at, from) school, in (to)class, to(in, into, from)church,in (to,at, from)university(college),to(in,into, out

38、 of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot 在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意。使用时要特别注意。进餐进餐 在桌子旁在桌子旁 at table at the table in hospital in the hosp

39、ital by sea by the seago to sea go to the sea in future in the future 住院住院 在医院里在医院里 乘船(由海路)乘船(由海路) 在海边在海边 当水手当水手 去海边去海边 从今以后,将来从今以后,将来 未来未来 .5.2.4用冠词与不用冠词的差异用冠词与不用冠词的差异究竟究竟 在地球上,在世上在地球上,在世上 上学(做礼拜上学(做礼拜) 到学校(教堂)去到学校(教堂)去 在在(外部的)前面(外部的)前面 在在(内部的)前面(内部的)前面 骑着马骑着马 在马背上在马背上 发生发生 代替代替 take the pla

40、ce of take place on the horseback on horseback in the front of in front of go to the school (church) go to school (church) on the earth on earth .10.我们当中的两人我们当中的两人 我们两人(共计两人)我们两人(共计两人) 毫无疑问,一定毫无疑问,一定 不可能不可能 大体上,一般地大体上,一般地 全部地,整体全部地,整体 一个重要的会议一个重要的会议 最重要的会议最重要的会议 又一次又一次 第三次第三次 the third time A

41、 third time the most important meeting A most important meeting as a whole = altogether on the whole = in general out of the questionout of question the two of us two of us 4.15稍远一些稍远一些 在远处在远处 许多许多 的数目的数目 一会儿一会儿 目前,暂时目前,暂时 负责负责 由由负责,在负责,在掌管之下掌管之下在白天在白天 按日计算按日计算 by the day by day be in the

42、charge of be in charge of for the moment for a moment the number ofA number of in the distance at a distance ( of) 9.20.拥有拥有 为为所有所有能看见能看见 据据的见解的见解 代替代替 在在的地方的地方 成年成年 同龄同龄 征求意见征求意见 听从劝告听从劝告 他仍在执政他仍在执政 他仍在办公室里他仍在办公室里 He is still in the office. He is still in office take the advice take advic

43、ebe of an age be of age in the place of in place of in the sight of in sight of in the possession of in possession of 4.25.26.冠词表类别的常见方式(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个

44、)。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意:man, woman表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.2.5冠词与形容词冠词与形容词+名词结构名词结构 1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The blac

45、k and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。2.6 冠词位置冠词位置 1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意: a. 在名词词组如有such,what,many,half等修饰是,a/an置于这些词之后。 I have never seen such an animal. What a exciting film ! half a month Many a man is fit for the job. b. 当

46、名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out. c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。 如:quite a sudden change a quite sudden chan

47、ge d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。e . 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。 There is much bigger a room than mine.2) 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,exactly, just ,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。All t

48、he students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。just the right place half the story twice the price 1. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /2. It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to univ

49、ersity for further education. A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 9Os; their3. Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny. A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the4. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they hunt them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he5. Mr. Smith, theres a man at _ front door who says he has _ news for you of great importance. CDDBA6. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _ wood used. A. the; file B. the; / C. /; / D. /;/ 7. A bullet hit the soldier

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