第11讲 汉语中的“把”字句,虚词

1、篇章翻译练习得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。四字词“百花怒放”“宾客云集”“穿插其间” A hundred flowers angrily opened *The guests gathered like cloud * Penetrate and insert in it

2、*“横行霸道”rage, run wild, like a tyrant, play the bully而这些表达法分别与以下喻体相关：tyrant暴君、恃强凌弱者bully. 打入冷宫：冷宫是指君王安置失宠后妃的地方: in the moon palace. 这里我们可以说loss of favor, in disfavor, fall into disgrace.1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，译文1：Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way

3、in the family.译文2: Before I fell ill, I had been the bully in my family owing to my doting parents.2. 一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。译文译文1：Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and felt

4、 frustrated.译文译文2：Feeling like being deposed(罢免罢免) into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.译文译文3：Once isolated and locked away in a small house on the slope of the g

5、arden, I suddenly felt being thrown away, and became sullen and disappointed.3. 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。译文译文1：One spring evening, with numerous flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at

6、once filled the place with laughing chats.译文译文2：One spring evening, my parents held a party in the full blossoms in the garden. In no time, the garden became lively with the guests and filled with their laughter.4. 我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄

7、，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。间，个个喜气洋洋。译文译文1：In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.译文译文2：In the small house on the slope, I lifted the curtain, quietly, only

8、to see the hustle and bustle（奔忙） in the garden, with my brothers, sisters and cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.5. 一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。心头，禁不住痛哭起来。译文译文1：All at once, a feeling of being deserted or abandoned overwhelmed me, and I could not help bursting into te

9、ars.译文译文2：Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.第十一讲第十一讲 汉语中的汉语中的“把把”字句与虚词翻译字句与虚词翻译 1.教学具体内容：教学具体内容：1）汉语）汉语“把把”字句的特殊结构。字句的特殊结构。2）“把把”字句的一些常见英译法。字句的一些常见英译法。2.教学重点及难点：教学重点及难点：区分区分“把把”字的不同含义和结构，选择字

10、的不同含义和结构，选择不同的译法。不同的译法。请翻译以下句子：请翻译以下句子：1.今天是什么风把你吹来了？今天是什么风把你吹来了？ 2.A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.3.In order to keep this talented young man, the boss doubled his salary。 1.今天是什么风把你吹来了？今天是什么风把你吹来了？What brings you here today?2.A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.

11、我的一位朋友最近油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆过了。我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆过了。我的一位朋友最近叫人油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近叫人油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近叫人把他房子油漆过了。我的一位朋友最近叫人把他房子油漆过了。我的一位朋友最近油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近油漆过他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近我的一位朋友最近把把他的房子油漆过了。他的房子油漆过了。A friend of mine has painted his house recently.Cf. A friend of mine has had his hou

12、se painted recently.我的一位朋友最近我的一位朋友最近叫人叫人把把他房子油漆过了。他房子油漆过了。汉语的汉语的“把把”字句字句，在结构上用特殊介词在结构上用特殊介词“把把”字将字将宾语宾语引出，引出，放在谓语动词之前而构成放在谓语动词之前而构成一种汉语特有的一种汉语特有的句型句型。“把把”字句字句只用于主动句只用于主动句，目的是目的是将宾语提前以将宾语提前以突出宾语突出宾语，宾语之后的，宾语之后的主要动词必须是及物动词主要动词必须是及物动词，并且并且不能另有宾语不能另有宾语（能带双宾语的动词除外能带双宾语的动词除外）。）。含有含有“处置处置”意义的意义的“把把”字句：字句：

13、“动词+宾语+补语”常用“to have sb/sth done”例：例：他每天把他每天把自己自己关在房子里看书。关在房子里看书。He has himself locked in the room every day, reading books.汉语汉语“把把”字句的英译时，应根据其不同的意义、作字句的英译时，应根据其不同的意义、作用和结构，选择不同的译法用和结构，选择不同的译法：“把把”字句的译法：字句的译法：表示表示“处置处置”的的“把把”字句还可用英字句还可用英语语“动词动词+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语”的结构来的结构来翻译。翻译。如：如：她把书摆放在桌子上。她把书摆放在桌子上。She

14、 placed the books on the desk.他他把把pace写成了写成了place。He wrote pace into place. 为了实现武汉长远发展战略目标，武汉市政府把科技放在首要位置，以提高科技水平，加强经济力量。 To fulfill the long-range strategic goal in the development of Wuhan, the municipal government puts science and technology in the first place in order to raise the scientific lev

15、el and strengthen the economic power. “动词+宾语+介词短语” 2.含有含有“致使致使”意义的意义的“把把”字句：字句：这种类型的“把”字句后面常接“累”、“忙”、“气”、“急”、“吓”、“热”、“感动”等从词，翻译时通常被转化成英语中含“致使”意义的动词。如： 这天气这天气把把人人热得热得坐不住。坐不住。 The heat of weather makes one unable to sit still. 他把那小女孩吓得吓得哭了起来。 He scared the little girl to tears. 3. 表示表示“把把A当当B”的的“把把”字句

16、：字句：该句型中的“当”可以表示“当做”、“作为”、“说成”、“看做”或“误做”等概念，在翻译的时候通常采用英语的“动词+宾语+as (for)短语”的句型。如：他把王先生错当成他爸爸。他把王先生错当成他爸爸。He mistook Mr Wang for his father.我是把那件事当作自已的事情来做的。我是把那件事当作自已的事情来做的。I considered the matter as my own business.4.4.含祁使意味的含祁使意味的“把把”字句：字句：当“把”字位于无主句的句首时，有些含有祈使句的意味。英译时, 通常将“把”字句转化成英语的祈使句。如： 请把词典递给

17、我。请把词典递给我。Please pass me the dictionary.请把门打开。请把门打开。Please open the door. 把耳机插头插入耳机插孔后就能切断机内喇叭，供个人收听，不致干扰别人。 Insert the earphone plug into the socket, and the built-in loudspeaker would be automatically switched off for a single person to listen without bothering others. 5. 5. 将将“把把”字句翻译成英语被动句：字句翻译成

18、英语被动句：汉语的“把”字句有时还可以根据英语的表达习惯译成英语的被动句。如：风把树给刮倒了。The tree was blown down by the wind.他的热情把我感动得流下眼泪。I was moved to tears by his enthusiasm. 把这些物资尽快送到地震灾区是非常紧急的任务。 It is a matter of great urgency that the supplies should be dispatched to the earthquake-stricken area as soon as possible. 6. 带有双宾语的带有双宾语的“

19、把把”字：字：通常译法“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”或者是“动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语”的结构，后者多半是因为间接宾语前有修饰成分。我把自行车借给了他。我把自行车借给了他。I lent him the bicycle. I lent the bicycle to him.他们把消息告诉了他们把消息告诉了他们所有遇到的他们所有遇到的每一个人。每一个人。They told the news to everybody they met.7. 根据英语习惯灵活处理根据英语习惯灵活处理“把把”字句字句 ：英译时，除了上述几种翻译途径外，在某些时候，我们还必须根据英语的表达习惯来选择恰当的表达方式，有时

20、根本不用考虑“把” 字结构在原文中的意义。如： 还真把他没办法。 He is really a tough person to cope with. 母亲因为我逃学把我训了一顿。 Mother gave me a dressing down for playing truant.真把我饿死了! Im nearly starved to death! 你最好在月底之前把这台机器修好。 You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month. 由于武汉的地理位置优越，它把周围地区紧密地联系起来了。 Because of

21、its favorable geographical position, Wuhan connects itself closely with its surrounding areas. 把电源插头插入220V交流电源插座，将电源开关按下。 Connect the main plug to AC 220V socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver. PRACTICE二、汉语中的虚词 （1）副词类虚词 1. 便：“立刻，马上”，与“就”大体上相同。 这几天不是刮风便是下雨。 During the last few days, if

22、 it was not blowing, then it was raining. 太阳一出来我们便上山去。 We will climb the mountain the moment (as soon as) the sun comes out. 2. 顿时：“立刻，一下子” 喜讯传来，人民顿时欢呼起来。 People broke into cheers as soon as they heard the good news. 演出结束，全场顿时响起了一阵掌声。 The audience broke out into a burst of applause immediately after

23、 the performance. 3. 刚好：表示时间“恰好，正好” 你来得刚好，舞会马上就要开始。 Youve come just in time. The party will begin in a minute. 他们两个刚好编在一个组里。 The two of them happen to be in the same group. 4. 老（老是）：“一直，经常” 你老是这么干。 You do it all the time. 他老是跟我过不去。 Hes always making things difficult for me. 5. 碰巧（偏好）：“凑巧，恰巧” 他妹妹结婚时，

24、他碰巧在美国。 It so happened that he was in the United States when his sister got married. 他正缺钱用的时候，碰巧找到一份工作。 As luck would have it, he got a job when he was in difficulties. （2）介词类虚词 1. 乘（趁）：“就着，利用”意思，表示时间。 我军乘虚而入。 Our forces broke through the enemys blockade at its weak point. 你应该趁机为我美言几句。 You should ta

25、ke advantage of putting a good word for me. 2. 本着：“按照，根据”表示遵循某种准则行事。本着友好的愿望，双方达成了协议。 With the desire to promote friendship on both sides, they reached an agreement. 两个企业本着互利的原则进行贸易。 The two enterprises do business with each other on the basis of mutual benefit. 3. 基于：“根据” 基于目前的情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。 In vi

26、ew of the present situation, well have to revise our original plan. 基于局势日益紧张，我们决定采取必要的措施。 Seeing that the situation is becoming more and more strained, we must adopt necessary measures. 4. 由：表示来源，凭借或方式。 水由氢和氧化合而成。 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 你最好由浅入深地向他们解释这个问题。 Youd better proceed from

27、the easy to the difficult when youre explaining the problem to them. （3）连此类虚词 1. 譬如 譬如南方人倾向吃较多的米饭，而北方人则吃较多的面。 For example, the people in the South tend to eat more rice, while the northern people ear more noodles. 许多伟人从贫困中崛起，譬如林肯。 Many great men have risen from povertyLincoln, for instance. 2. 要么：“或

28、者” 要么给他发个电报，要么挂个长途也行。 Send him a telegram at once, or call him long-distance. 你要么自己来，要么就托人办理这件事。 Either you come in person, or you entrust someone with the matter. 3. 非但：“不但” 他非但自己干得好，还肯帮助别人。 He not only does his own work well, but also is ready to help others. 非但学生答不出，连老师也打不出。 Not only the students

29、 could not answer, the teacher did not know the answer. 4. 再说：“而且，并且，况且” 现在去找他太晚了，再说我路也不熟。 Its too late to go and see him now. Besides, I dont quite know the way. 时间已经不早了，再说你身体又不好，该休息了。 Its late now. Whats more, you are not in good health. So its time for you to have a rest. 5. 随便：“无论，不管” 随便你什么时候来都行

30、。 Come any time you like. 随便他来不来，我们仍按原计划进行。 Whether he will come or not, we will go on with our plan. （4）助词类虚词 1. 罢了 这没什么，我只不过做了我应该做的事情罢了。 Its nothing. Ive only done what I ought to do. 他粗鲁倒也罢了，我就恨他不诚实。 I dont mind his rudeness, but I just hate his dishonesty. 2. 开外：“出头，多，以外” 我们不接受七十开外的老人。 We dont accept the old people above the age of seventy. 漫天大雾，五步开外，什么都看不见。 A dense fog obscured everything beyond a distance o