主动语态被动语态

1、anize rnaz 组织 2.respectrspekt 尊重3. observe bzv 观察4.inspire nspa 激励 5. support spt 支持6. look down upon看不起7.deliverdlv 接生，投递8. discussdsks 讨论9.equipkwp 配备10.export kspt; ek-; ek- 出口11.confuse knfjuz 使疑惑12.encourage nkrd; en-鼓励英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。主动语

2、态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者( (动作的对象动作的对象) )。 ( (把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语主动句中的宾语改为改为被动句的被动句的主语主语，这是最关键的着眼点这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。) )被动语态的谓语构成:助动词助动词bebe动词过去动词过去分词分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。需要强调动作的承受

3、者时，用被动语态主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 byby的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中

4、的主语的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。主语主语 by+宾语宾语be+过去分词过去分词Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被动）各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表这些专家在他们业余时间经常组织音乐会。These experts often organize concerts in their spare time.Concerts are organized by these expert in their spare time.我将尊重你的建议（为了我们的工程）。 I wi

5、ll respect your suggestions (for our project).Your suggestions will be respected by me (for our project).这个生物老师昨天在实验室里观察蚂蚁。This biology teacher observed ants in the lab yesterday.Ants were observed by this biology teacher in the lab yesterday.这些教授们正在讨论这个项目。These professors are discussing this projec

6、t.This project are being discussed by these professors.昨天八点一个老师和他的学生在打扫教室。A teacher and his students were cleaning the classroom at 8 oclock yesterday.The classroom was being cleaned by a teacher and his students at 8 oclock yesterday.在我来之前，她已经给教室配备了电脑。Before I came here, she had equipped the classr

7、oom with computers.Before I came here, the classroom had been equipped with computers.Was builthas been visitedwill be givenare being donehasnt been sentwas usedhappenedwill be completedhave taken place; was foundedbeen laughed atare needed在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的

8、构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the

9、house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时， doin

10、gdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表go 含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A 及物动词+副词 如： turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、

11、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等B 不及物动词+介词 如： look after talk

12、about play with等 C.“动词+名词+介词” 构成的短语。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December. The School Sports meeting will be put off

13、until December.People have talked about the accident . The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this year.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。 有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。

14、Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday.They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long let

15、ter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter. buy sth for sbgive sth to sb带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, sendgive, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等带双宾语等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习的动词，改为被动

16、语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词toto或或for.for.它们的句型主要有以下几个：它们的句型主要有以下几个：give sth to sb=give sb sthgive sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthbri

17、ng sth to sb=bring sb sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sth make sth for sb=make sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sth send sth to sb=send sb sth send s

18、th to sb=send sb sth 例：例：He passed me some paper.(He passed me some paper.(主动主动) ) Some paper was passed to me by him. Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动）（被动）You must keep some fruit for him.(You must keep some fruit for him.(主动主动) ) Some fruit must be kept for him. Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动）（被动）三、一些特殊的被动结构三、一些特殊的被动结构e.g.:The food tastes delicious. The music sounds very familiar to me.e.g.: My watch cant work, it needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing.