第4讲形容词、副词

1、第第4讲形容词、副词讲形容词、副词(一一)形容词变副词形容词变副词1形容词变副词的规则：形容词变副词的规则：(1)一般在形容词词尾加一般在形容词词尾加ly。 carefulcarefully；(2)以以y结尾的形容词，变结尾的形容词，变y为为i再加再加ly。 happyhappily；(3)以以le结尾的形容词，将结尾的形容词，将e直接变为直接变为y。 terribleterribly，probableprobably，passiblepossibly2特殊情况特殊情况(1)不是所有的副词都由形容词加不是所有的副词都由形容词加ly构成。构成。 goodwell(2)有的形容词本身也可作副词。有

2、的形容词本身也可作副词。 He is a fast runner.(形容词形容词) He runs fastest in our class.(副词副词) 注意：注意：deep，wide，close，high等副词与等副词与deeply，widely，closely，highly 等等ly结尾的副词有区别，后者主要指抽象的程度。结尾的副词有区别，后者主要指抽象的程度。close与与closely close意思是意思是“近近”；closely 意思是意思是“仔细地仔细地” He is sitting close to me.他靠近我坐。他靠近我坐。 Watch him closely.我仔细看

3、他。我仔细看他。late与与lately late意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately 意思是意思是“最近最近” You have come too late.你来得太晚了。你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately？你最近干了些什么？你最近干了些什么？ deep与与deeply deep意思是意思是“深深”，表示空间深度；，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的时常表示感情上的深度，深度，“深深地深深地” He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把树枝插进土里。他把树枝插进土里。 Even father was de

4、eply moved by the film. 甚至我的父亲都被这部电影深深地打动了。甚至我的父亲都被这部电影深深地打动了。 high与与highly high表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high.飞机飞得很高。飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion.我认为你的观点很超前。我认为你的观点很超前。 wide与与widely wide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widely意思是意思是“广泛地广泛地”，“在许多地方在许多地方” He opened the door

5、wide.他把门大开着。他把门大开着。 English is widely used in the world.英语在全世界被广泛地运英语在全世界被广泛地运用。用。 free与与freely free的意思是的意思是“免费免费”；freely 的意思是的意思是“无限制地无限制地” You can eat free in my restaurant.在我的餐馆里你可以免费吃。在我的餐馆里你可以免费吃。 You may speak freely;say what you like.你喜欢说什么你喜欢说什么,尽管说。尽管说。(二二)用法及区别用法及区别1形容词的用法形容词的用法 形容词修饰名词，在句

6、中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。形容词修饰名词，在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。 There was a nice old wooden bridge over the river ten years ago. (定语定语) Your bedroom is clean and tidy. (表语表语) I find the boy friendly and hardworking. (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 如果名词前有多个形容词作定语，则应按照以下顺序排列：如果名词前有多个形容词作定语，则应按照以下顺序排列： 限定词限定词(冠词、代词、数词等冠词、代词、数词等)性质性质长短、大小

7、、形状长短、大小、形状老少、新旧老少、新旧颜色颜色 国籍、地区、出处国籍、地区、出处材料材料用途用途名词。名词。 There is a beautiful large old red Chinese wooden bed on show in the museum.注意：形容词的特殊用法。注意：形容词的特殊用法。(1)有的形容词如有的形容词如alone, afraid, asleep, alive, awake, ashamed, ill (生病的生病的), worth, glad, unable, well等只能用作表语，不能用作定语。等只能用作表语，不能用作定语。 He has been

8、ill for a few months.( 错错) She is not asleep, she is awake.()(2)当形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在其后面。当形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在其后面。 Is there anything else that you want to say? No, nothing else.(3)形容词一般不能用作状语。形容词一般不能用作状语。 She speaks English good.(错错) She speaks English well.()2副词的用法副词的用法 副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或一个句子。副词主要用作状语，修饰动

9、词、形容词、其他副词或一个句子。 He always walks very quickly (very修饰副词修饰副词quickly，而，而quickly则修饰动词则修饰动词walks) Today is terribly cold. (修饰形容词修饰形容词cold) Unluckily,_both of his parents were badly hurt in the traffic accident.(修修 饰全句饰全句) 副词一般不能作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：副词一般不能作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如： She has a beautifully voice.(错错) Her br

10、other is really lazily.(错错) I found that boy cleverly.(错错) 但有些副词但有些副词(主要是时间副词、地点副词主要是时间副词、地点副词)可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如： The people here are all very kind to me. (定语定语) How long will you be away? (表语表语) I saw him out. (宾语补足语宾语补足语)注意：副词在句中的位置：注意：副词在句中的位置：(1)多数副词位于它所修饰的动词或动词短语之后。多数副词位于它所修饰的动词

11、或动词短语之后。 He often drives very carefully. He speaks English very well.(2)表示频度的副词表示频度的副词always, usually, often, never等常放在等常放在be动词，情态动词动词，情态动词和助动词后、其他动词之前。和助动词后、其他动词之前。 My mother always gets up earliest in my family. You must never forget it. I dont often have breakfast at home. 为了加强语气，有时也把表示时间或表示频度的副词

12、放在句首。为了加强语气，有时也把表示时间或表示频度的副词放在句首。 Yesterday I slept very late. She often walks to work, but sometimes she goes to by bus.(3)用于修饰形容词或副词的程度副词，常放在被修饰词之前，用于修饰形容词或副词的程度副词，常放在被修饰词之前，enough除外。除外。 He is too young to be left at home alone. The room is large enough for four people to live in.(4)修饰整个句子的副词往往放在句

13、首。修饰整个句子的副词往往放在句首。 Finally we got to the village after two hours walk. 用用close，closely，late，lately，deep，deeply填空。填空。1The girl got _to her mother because she felt a little cold.2He watched me _.3Have you seen him _?4It was _ in the afternoon.5The hole is _.6He cares for her_.closecloselylatelylatedee

14、pdeeply(三三)形容词、副词的比较等级形容词、副词的比较等级 大多数形容词、副词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。大多数形容词、副词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。1原级变比较级、最高级的方法原级变比较级、最高级的方法(1)单音节的形容词、副词以及以单音节的形容词、副词以及以“y”结尾的双音节形容词。结尾的双音节形容词。一般在末尾加一般在末尾加er变成比较级，加变成比较级，加est变成最高级。变成最高级。 longlongerlongest以以e结尾的，在末尾加结尾的，在末尾加r构成比较级，加构成比较级，加st构成最高级。构成最高级。 finefinerfinest以以y结尾的，先将结

15、尾的，先将y变为变为i，再加，再加er，est构成比较级、最高级。构成比较级、最高级。 drydrierdriest, heavyheavierheaviest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该字母再加以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该字母再加er，est。 bigbiggerbiggest特殊变化。特殊变化。 good/wellbetterbest ill/bad/badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost oldolder/elderoldest/eldest farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest fun

16、/likemore fun/likemost fun/like(2)其他的形容词、副词其他的形容词、副词(即不以即不以y结尾的双音节形容词、副词、多音节的形容词、结尾的双音节形容词、副词、多音节的形容词、副词副词)，在它们前面加，在它们前面加more构成比较级，加构成比较级，加most构成最高级。构成最高级。 carefulmore carefulmost careful slowlymore slowlymost slowly beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful seriouslymore seriouslymost seriously 也可在它们前面

17、加也可在它们前面加less, least 构成另一种比较级、最高级。构成另一种比较级、最高级。 interestingless interesting(没那么有趣没那么有趣)least interesting(最没趣最没趣)2形容词、副词三级的用法形容词、副词三级的用法(1)不进行比较时用原级。不进行比较时用原级。 Pingpong is very popular in this country.(2)两者相比，程度一样时，用同级比较两者相比，程度一样时，用同级比较“as.as”。 Pingpong is as popular as basketball in this country. 两者

18、相比，程度不一样，可用否定的同级比较两者相比，程度不一样，可用否定的同级比较 not as/so.as(不如不如/不不及及)。 Other sports are not as/so popular as pingpong in this country.注意：肯定的同级比较、否定的同级比较里都要用原级。注意：肯定的同级比较、否定的同级比较里都要用原级。 两者相比，程度不一样时，也可用比较级。两者相比，程度不一样时，也可用比较级。 Pingpong more popular than other sports in this country.(3)三者或三者以上相比表三者或三者以上相比表“最最”

19、时要用形容词、副词的最高级。时要用形容词、副词的最高级。 Pingpong is one of the most popular sports in this country. Mother gets up(the)earliest in our family. 其比较范围常由其比较范围常由in，of 引出，形容词的最高级前一般要用引出，形容词的最高级前一般要用the，副词的最高级，副词的最高级可加可加the也可不加也可不加the；其比较范围常由；其比较范围常由of或或in引出，引出，of后跟同类的比较对象，后跟同类的比较对象，in后跟不同类的比较范围。后跟不同类的比较范围。(4)形容词、副词

20、三级的特殊用法：形容词、副词三级的特殊用法：比较级句型中的比较级句型中的than是连接词，连接比较状语从句，但从句中与主句相同的是连接词，连接比较状语从句，但从句中与主句相同的部分可省略。部分可省略。 He drives more carefully than I drive. (也可说成：也可说成：He drives more carefully than I do/I/me.)比较状语从句中，为避免重复，可用比较状语从句中，为避免重复，可用that代替不可数名词，用代替不可数名词，用one代替可数代替可数名词单数，用名词单数，用those代替可数名词复数。代替可数名词复数。 The wea

21、ther in the south is much warmer than that in the north. I think the picture on the right is better than the one on the left. Students in our school have less homework than those in their school.比较级前可用比较级前可用much/far/a lot，a little/a bit/a little bit，some，any，no，even/still等来表达不同的程度。等来表达不同的程度。 This ba

22、g is very good，but that bag is even better. I hope you can do it a little more carefully next time.比较级重叠表比较级重叠表“越来越越来越”。 Life is getting better and better，but people are getting more and more stressed out.(请注意重叠方式。请注意重叠方式。)比较级前一般不用比较级前一般不用the，但其作定语或相当于名词用表示，但其作定语或相当于名词用表示“两者之最两者之最”时，时，要要 用用the用用“the

23、比较级比较级(名词名词)of”这一结构。这一结构。 Of my parents，my mother is the older of my parents. Which is the more interesting of the two movies?“the比较级主语谓语，比较级主语谓语，the比较级主语谓语比较级主语谓语”表示表示“越越，就，就越越”。 The more you have，the more you want. The more carefully you drive，the fewer traffic accidents will happen to you.最高级前面还可

24、以加序数词，表示最高级前面还可以加序数词，表示“第几最第几最” The yellow River is the second longest river in China.形容词的最高级前面有时不加形容词的最高级前面有时不加the，而加，而加a(an)。 This is a best park. This is a very good park.(仅表仅表“非常非常”) I am busiest on Tuesday.(不与其他人、物进行比较不与其他人、物进行比较)最高级可以转换成特殊的比较级或同级比较最高级可以转换成特殊的比较级或同级比较(一个人一个人/物与其他所有人物与其他所有人/物或其物

25、或其 任一人任一人/比较比较)。 My brother is the tallest in his class. My brother is taller than any other student in his class. My brother is taller than any of the other students in his class. My brother is taller than anyone else in his class. My brother is taller than(all)the other students in his class. My b

26、rother is taller than everybody else in his class. Nobody else is as tall as my brother in his class.()1.Which city has _ population，Beijing，Guiyang or Xingxi? Xingxi，of course.(2012黔西南黔西南) Athe largest Bthe smallest Cthe most Dthe least解析：解析：A.考查形容词的最高级和对人口的修饰词。修饰人口数量的形容词可以考查形容词的最高级和对人口的修饰词。修饰人口数量的

27、形容词可以用用large或者或者small，兴义的人口肯定没有北京和贵阳的多，因此选择，兴义的人口肯定没有北京和贵阳的多，因此选择B。()2.Shuhow Lin is now one of _ basketball players in the NBA. (2012福州福州) Apopular Bmore popular Cthe most popular解析：考查形容词最高级的用法。由句尾解析：考查形容词最高级的用法。由句尾“in the NBA”可知这里的比较限制可知这里的比较限制了了范围，所以考虑用形容词的最高级形式，范围，所以考虑用形容词的最高级形式，one of形容词最高级名词复数

28、表形容词最高级名词复数表示示“最最之一之一”。句意为。句意为“林书豪现在是林书豪现在是NBA最受欢迎的队员之一最受欢迎的队员之一”。故选。故选C。倍数表示法倍数表示法 I am twice your age.(我年龄是你的两倍。我年龄是你的两倍。) I am twice as old as you. I am once older than you. This road is three times wider than that one. This road is four times as wide as that one. This road is four times the widt

29、h of that one. ()4.When an earthquake happens，and you are outdoors，you should go to an open area as _ apossible. (2013临沂临沂) Aquickly Bquietly Cloudly Dslowly 解析：考查副词词义辨析。解析：考查副词词义辨析。quickly快速地；快速地；quietly安静地；安静地；loudly 大声地；大声地；slowly慢慢地。又句意是：当地震发生，并且你慢慢地。又句意是：当地震发生，并且你在户外时，你应该尽快地去一个开阔的区域。故选在户外时，你应该尽

30、快地去一个开阔的区域。故选A项。项。()3.Jack，I have to have a talk with your father today. Sorry，Mrs King.He is going on business and wont be _ until next week.(2013山西山西) Aout Baway Cback解析：考查副词词义。句意：杰克，我今天必须和你爸爸谈一下？解析：考查副词词义。句意：杰克，我今天必须和你爸爸谈一下？对不起对不起King夫人，他要因公外出，直到下周才回来。夫人，他要因公外出，直到下周才回来。be out“出出去去”；be away“离开离开”；

31、be back“回来回来”，根据题意选，根据题意选C。 ()5.Look at the bird over there！Its so beautiful! Wow！Its a rare crane.It _ appears in this area. Aalways Busually Cseldom Doften(2013无锡无锡) 解析：本题考查副词词义辨析。解析：本题考查副词词义辨析。always总是；总是；usually通常；通常； seldom很少；很少；often经常。由前半句经常。由前半句“哇，是丹顶鹤哇，是丹顶鹤”可知在这儿可知在这儿是是 很少出现这种鸟。故选很少出现这种鸟。故选

32、C。 ()6.The baby is sleeping.please speak _.(2013聊城聊城) Aloudly Bclearly Cquietly Dpolitely 解析：考查副词的用法。解析：考查副词的用法。loudly意思是意思是“大声地大声地”，clearly意思是意思是 “清楚地清楚地”，quietly 意思是意思是“安静地安静地”，politely 意思是意思是“有礼有礼貌地貌地”, 根据句意：根据句意：“这个婴儿睡着了，请轻声地说话。这个婴儿睡着了，请轻声地说话。”所以选择答案所以选择答案C。 ()7.David was so excited at the good

33、news that he could _ say a word.(2013临沂临沂) Anearly Bhard Cever Dhardly 解析：考查副词的用法。解析：考查副词的用法。nearly意为意为“几乎、将近几乎、将近”，相当于，相当于 almost；hard为多义词，作副词讲，意为为多义词，作副词讲，意为“努力地、辛苦地努力地、辛苦地”； hardly油表频率，意为油表频率，意为“几乎不几乎不”；ever意为意为“曾经曾经”。又句意：。又句意：听到听到 这个好消息戴维激动地几乎说不出话来。故选这个好消息戴维激动地几乎说不出话来。故选D项。项。( )1.Peter is _ than

34、 you，right? Yes，but he runs _ in our class.(2013达州达州) Aheavier，fastest Bheavy，the fastest Cheavier，faster Dheavy，faster( )2.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell _.(2013 内江内江) Agood Bwell Cbad Dbadly( )3.Please be _.Theres an important meeting in the next room.(2013重庆重

35、庆) Aquickly Bquick Cquietly Dquiet( )4.You look tired these days.I think you need a _ sleep.(2013重庆重庆) Ashorter Bshortest Cbetter Dbest( )5.David is _ student in our class.Nobody is taller than him. (2013成都成都) Atall Btaller Cthe tallest( )6.Debbie is growing fast.She is even _ than her mother. Atall

36、 Btaller Ctallest Dthe tallest (2013北京北京)AADCCB( )7.Is the child any better today? I think so.His temperature seems _ now.(2013武汉武汉) Ahigh Bnormal Clow Dspecial( )8.Its much _ to have a small lovely room than a big cold one. Agood Bwell Cbetter Dbest(2013杭州杭州)( )9._ would you like to choose to live

37、in，Chengdu，Beijing or Shanghai? Chengdu，I think.(2013内江内江) AHow BWhat CWhen DWhich( )10.Which season do you like _，summer or winter? Summer.(2013长沙长沙) Awell Bbest Cbetter( )11.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out. Alonely BsafelyCangrily Dhappily(2013上海上海)( )12.The volunteer

38、spoke as _ as she could to make the visitors understand her.(2013上海上海) Aclearly Bmore clearly Cmost clearly Dthe most clearly( )13.I work hard this term, but Peter works much _.(2012北京北京) Ahard Bharder Chardest Dthe hardest( )14.If there is _ pollution, the air in our city will be _ dirtier. (2012安顺

39、安顺) Aless; more Bmore; much Cless; less Dmore; moreBCDCAABB ( )15.Lets go shopping at the new mall.(2012孝感孝感) Why not shop online? Its _. Aexpensive Bmore expensive Cless expensive Dthe most expensive ( )16.This Tshirt is not large enough.Please show me a _ one.( 2012成都成都) Alarge Blarger Clargest (

40、)17.Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he？(2012达州达州) Yes.He used to _ the guitar, but now he is more _ in playing soccer. Aplays; interested Bplay；interested Cplay; interesting Dplaying; interest ( )18.Which do you like _， summer of winter? Id prefer winter.(2012绵阳绵阳) Abetter Bbest Cgood Dwell ( )19.Thi

41、ngs are _ on the moon than on the earth.(2012雅安雅安) Amuch heavier Bthe heaviest Cmuch lighter Dthe lightestCABAC单项选择。单项选择。(每小题每小题1分，共分，共15分分)( )1.New York is bigger than _ in China. Aany other city Bthe other cities Cany city Dall the city( )2.Which subject is _， English, Chinese or math? Amore difficult Bmost difficult Cthe most easy Dthe easiest